جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "طرح واره های تصویری" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The purpose of the present article is to explain the foundations of Fariba and Fafi's knowledge and the formation of her feminine language, based on the theory of image schemas. Therefore, the present research aims to show that, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not just a linguistic tool in order to decorate words; Rather, it is a cognitive tool that is undoubtedly related to the author's gender. This article has been done by analytical-descriptive method based on library studies and its theoretical framework is indebted to Johnson's visual schema theory. In this article, after reflecting on cognitive linguistics, we have lingered on metaphor, and then by introducing the theory of image schemas and its branches, we have reported the image schemas of Fariba Wafi's works. In the end, this article comes to the conclusion that Wafi's image schemas represent her cognitive system as a woman and are considered to strengthen the foundation of her experiences to achieve a specific language. By discovering the image schemas used in Wafi's works, it can be seen that the image schemas of this author's works originate from the unity of her stable attitude and actions as a woman with her cultural and physical environment, and all of this ultimately leads to the formation of a special language for her.

One of the new scientific fields directly related to the human mind is cognitive science. Visual diagrams, first proposed by Mark Johnson, are one of the most important infrastructures in this field. Due to its psychological nature and direct connection with the mind, vocabulary can be investigated through cognitive studies. Cognitive science and its related disciplines, such as cognitive linguistics, have provided researchers with the necessary tools to conduct cognitive research due to their communicative nature. The goal of this article's authors is to use these tools to decipher the meaning of words.The current research involves a case study of equivalent vocabulary found in Persian and Arabic in biology courses during the first and second terms. The aim is to determine the use of visual schemas in equivalent vocabulary and examine these two languages based on Johnson's linguistic approach. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The study seeks to investigate how far equivalent words in Persian and Arabic in biology lessons from seventh to twelfth grade reach meaning with the application of physical experiences, and whether they have been found in language form.The purpose of this research is to show the prominent role of image schemas as semantic tools in making abstract spaces concrete in people's minds. After analyzing the data, it was found that the volumetric schema has the highest rate in equivalence of words in Arabic language. The Arabic word is not found in the movement schema, but it has an equal contribution as the power schema does in transferring meaning for equivalent words between Persian and Arabic languages.

The purpose of this article is to explain how Sarrami knew the world based on the theory of conceptual metaphor. this paper, we show that, according to cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not merely linguistic, but it is a tool for cognition. The theoretical framework of this paper is indebted to theory of Johnson's image schemas. In this article, after explaining the metaphor and introducing the theory of image schemas, we report the image schemas of Sarrami poetry. This article concludes that the image schemas of this poem show the poet's cognitive system and strengthen the foundation of his experiences to achieve a specific language. By discovering conceptual metaphors in this work, it can be understood that the images of this poem originate from the unity of the poet's attitude and stable actions with the cultural and physical environment, etc., and ultimately lead to the formation of a specific language. This article is an analytical-descriptive method based on library studies

Metaphors are the linguistic manifestation of conceptual metaphors that in cognitive linguistics refer to understanding an idea or a conceptual field based on another idea or conceptual field. A conceptual domain can consist of any systematic organization of human experience. According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980), metaphors can not only be used to talk about phenomena, but also to think about them with their help. The current research has examined the conceptual metaphor and the visual schema of the human concept in the works of Dr. Shariati and Professor Motahari based on cognitive linguistics, and the researcher has analyzed the schema and metaphors using the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). This research is of content analysis-description type and used quantitative-qualitative method. The corpus of current research data are composed of four works by Motahari and Shariati, two of each of which were selected. After extracting the data, the researcher analyzed the data using SPSS software and the log-Liner test. The results of the research show that both authors have used conceptual metaphors and visual schemas in explaining the concept of human in their works, and their frequency is higher in Shariati's works. Another result obtained from this research shows that there is a significant difference in the representation, variety and frequency of conceptual metaphors and visual schemas in the works of Dr. Shariati and Professor Motahari.

Semantics is one of the branches of cognitive linguistics, whose main goal is to create a connection between words and abstract and mental concepts through the modeling of human physical actions. In this regard, one of the important methods is the use of image schemas, which were first proposed and explained by Mark Johnson. The visual schema plays a significant role in the audience's understanding of the influence of human interactive relationships with abstract concepts. The Holy Quran is a book in which many abstract concepts such as the unseen, death, soul, types of punishments, types of rewards, etc. are used; Applying the visual schema theory to these verses plays an effective role in inducing the message of the verse to the audience. The upcoming research is written in descriptive-analytical method. The purpose of this research is to show the prominent role of image schemas as one of the semantic tools in abstract concepts in the Quran and concrete for these concepts for the audience. In this regard, the verses referring to reward and eagle have been chosen as examples of abstract concepts in the analytical study, focusing on visual schemas of movement, volume and power schemas, and it is expected that the result will be that volumetric schemas are used in reward. And the eagle has a higher frequency than other schemes.

One of the typical areas for examining literary works and comprehending their complex concepts is cognitive studies in the field of semantics in new language research. In the meantime, the idea of image schemas is one of the discoveries of cognitive semantics, which investigates the foundation of the perception of abstract concepts in sensory and organized mental experiences. This idea guides the examination of linguistic-literary works beyond their apparent meanings. This method makes it possible to comprehend the metaphysical meanings of the Holy Quran, a linguistic miracle. This article investigates the Quranic story of Moses and El-Khader based on Johnson's image schemas theory in three levels of volume, power, and movement using the descriptive-analytical method with a linguistic approach to determine the cognitive meanings in the verses. This study demonstrates that image schemas have established a balance between human conceptualization and perception. Among these, volumetric systems are the most prevalent and provide the best language for making sense of abstract ideas. In addition, knowing the schemas facilitates tangible and expansive comprehension of abstract concepts. In addition, coordinating schemas with experiences created by them has significance.

The path of mystical journey is a path that is full of meanders. A mystic must overcome obstacles heroically to reach God. These are not physical barriers. According to the theory of image schemas first presented by Lycoff and Johnson, the mystic thinks and speaks about these obstacles by using force schemas. This study tried to compare Sanā'ie and Ayn al-Quzāt Hamadāni’s views about obstacles in the path of mystical journey by analyzing force schemas in their two works of Hadiqah al-Haqiqah (Garden of Truth) and Tamhidāt (Preparations) through a descriptive-analytical method. The units of analysis were the distiches and stanzas that contained force schemas in the mentioned works. The scope of our research was all their contents. The similarities of the intellectual foundations of the two mystics were reflected in the schemas of the second and third types. The word of God, moral vices, dependence on the world, soul, and knowledge of God were the main axes of these two types of schemas in the two works. The differences between the lived experiences and types of mysticism of the two mystics were found to have led to a significant difference in their use of the first type of schema. Also, they were different in their frequencies of using schemas, such as appearance of Shari'a, the devil, moral vices, divine zeal, and status, because of their varied lived experiences and intellectual foundations.

Visual schemas are one of the most important topics in cognitive linguistics that express cognitive processes that are formed as a result of human physical experiences in outside world and make it possible to understand abstract concepts. The present study has examined a number of sermons of Imam Ali (as) in the book of Nahj al-Balaghah in the framework of cognitive linguistics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency of schemas in the mentioned book. The visual schemas used in the selected sermons were extracted and then descriptively examined from a religious and linguistic perspective. The results show that there are all kinds of image schemas (container- path- force) and there are also some sentences which show they have two kinds of schemas. Also the results shows that between the image schemas, the path schemas has the most frequent in the sermons. Which from an educational perspective is a kind of emphasis on the path of life, transience and it is mortal, starting from a point and ending somewhere.Container schemas has the most frequent after path schemas. Which in terms of education indicates the existential capacity of human beings, that force and motion are present in the volumetric schema. Eventually the force schemas and the schemas which are related to two groups have the least frequent in the table of frequency. This, in terms of education, can indicate the limited power of man and his inability to face the eternal divine power.

In modern language studies, the semantic view is one of the most practical methods of research. From the theories in this field that linguistic-literary works are studied in their beam, the theory of image schema is an image that refers to the conceptualization of abstract concepts through a structured sensory experience in the mind. Among them, proverbs are one of the most important literary fields in which many non-objective concepts have been introduced. The Holy Quran contains rich and wise Proverbs, whose examination through Johnson's theory of image schemas will clarify the mechanism of transferring abstract concepts to human perception and understanding their deep meanings. Based on this, the present research examines the Proverbs of Surah al-Baqarah, which are full of abstract concepts, using the mentioned theory. The purpose of this research is the cognitive explanation of the concepts used in the Proverbs, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the semantic findings. The results of this study show that volumetric schemas have the highest frequency among the types of schemas, which is more in harmony with the objectification of concepts in Proverbs. On the other hand, many important Quranic concepts such as guidance, hereafter, religion, piety, verse, patience, etc. have come in the form of volumetric schemas to be sensible and tangible for the audience and placed in the scope of human understanding. Abstract concepts are expressed in the framework of sensory experiences. These experiences cause the meaning of a specific concept to be understood in addition to lexical level, on a broader level that encompasses the specific sensory experience of that concept.

Cognition as one of the most important perceptual powers of humans is used by God in making Qur’anic issues understandable. Visual schemas are repetitive and dynamic patterns of human perceptual and sensory-motor interaction and are composed of meaningful experiences, in a way that they are highly used in their relations with the environment. The word "enda", which is equivalent to the English word "near" and conveys the concept of proximity, has different metaphorical uses in the Qur’an. In the present descriptive-analytical study, besides counting its metaphorical applications, schemas of the word "enda" in the Qur’an, which have the potential to be visualized by the audience and convey special meanings, were categorized. According to the research findings, the basic schemas compatible with the word "enda" include directional, inhibition, unity, proximity, force, and existence. The basic schema of "prominence" and the subtitle "linear schema (two-way directional)" is one of the innovative results of this article. It should be noted that the originality of the category of pictorial schemas within the boundaries of metaphysical concepts in the Qur’an should be confirmed carefully and sensitively, and in the interpretation of ayahs, the virtual nature of the applications should be emphasized and analyzed.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the Forough's cognitive bases about the concept of death. This article intends to present the metaphors, similes, symbols, allegories of Forough based on Johnson pictorial schemas while using conceptual analysis method. Forough's pictorial schemas on abstract concept of death show that the metaphors of death is rooted in her lived experience and indicate her cognitive system. By identifying Forough's metaphorical mappings about death, it could be found the subcategories of the mappings, and understood how restricted numbers of mappings have shaped Forough 's life and thought and also unifies her attitudes and permanent reactions in physical, social, and cultural environment.

The image is one of the origins of metaphor. One of the most recent ideas provided by the semantics linguists is visual imagery. This theory was first introduced by Mark Johnson's linguistics (1987). Image schema is the complexity of human mental concepts because of its voluminous understanding of concepts, Hence, one of the basic infrastructures of conceptual metaphor. Adnan al-Saqaq is one of Iraq's most prominent contemporary poets who has taken the best of aesthetic and innovative work in his poems. Image schemas are a clear semantic tool for understanding Adnan's poems. The use of visual schemas has created a special metaphorical and poetic style for Adnan al-Sayegh. He uses the intelligent approach to translate his concepts and concepts into his audience. In this article, an attempt has been made to use a descriptive-analytical method to first look at theoretical literature of research in the following, we will analyze and analyze the visual schemas in the metadata of Adnan al-Saqaq. The most important finding of this article is that the motion schema is one of the most frequent types of schemas used in the Adnan affair.

A conceptual borrowing; the speaker speaks of a certain unclear concept by relying on known experiences and visual schemas can be understood by the audience. Imam Ali (AS) also used this category of cognitive linguistics in the Nahj al-Balagh with tools such as "above" Until the language of Nahj al-Balaghah is comprehensible to everyone, despite having complex and spiritual matters. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to analyze and analyze the conceptual metaphors of the "above" container in the Nahj al-Balagha language descriptive and analytical method has been discussed, and after reading the difference of metaphor in the cognitive approach and in the traditional approach, Firstly, in Nahj al-Balaghah, the word above has a strong metaphorical focus which implies a spatial relationship and is derived from the combination of "high" and "longitudinal" Secondly, changing the position of the route path in the borderline, has drawn other schemas, which constitute the concept of the source, These designs are the basis of the construction of an abstract concept. Thirdly, in the above-mentioned case study of Nahj al-Balaghah, it was revealed that "direction and movement" was the concept of origin, and abstract concepts such as "domination, majesty, enumeration, extent, affection, and ..." are the meaning of the destination. Key word: Conceptual metaphors, supermodel, visual schemas, Nahj al-Balagh, meaning of the preview, semantic network Abstract A conceptual borrowing; the speaker speaks of a certain unclear concept by relying on known experiences and visual schemas can be understood by the audience. Imam Ali (AS) also used this category of cognitive linguistics in the Nahj al-Balagh with tools such as "above" Until the language of Nahj al-Balaghah is comprehensible to everyone, despite having complex and spiritual matters. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to analyze and analyze the conceptual metaphors of the "above" container in the Nahj al-Balagha language descriptive and analytical method has been discussed, and after reading the difference of metaphor in the cognitive approach and in the traditional approach, Firstly, in Nahj al-Balaghah, the word above has a strong metaphorical focus which implies a spatial relationship and is derived from the combination of "high" and "longitudinal" Secondly, changing the position of the route path in the borderline, has drawn other schemas, which constitute the concept of the source, These designs are the basis of the construction of an abstract concept. Thirdly, in the above-mentioned case study of Nahj al-Balaghah, it was revealed that "direction and movement" was the concept of origin, and abstract concepts such as "domination, majesty, enumeration, extent, affection, and ..." are the meaning of the destination. Key word: Conceptual metaphors, supermodel, visual schemas, Nahj al-Balagh, meaning of the preview, semantic network Abstract A conceptual borrowing; the speaker speaks of a certain unclear concept by relying on known experiences and visual schemas can be understood by the audience. Imam Ali (AS) also used this category of cognitive linguistics in the Nahj al-Balagh with tools such as "above" Until the language of Nahj al-Balaghah is comprehensible to everyone, despite having complex and spiritual matters. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to analyze and analyze the conceptual metaphors of the "above" container in the Nahj al-Balagha language descriptive and analytical method has been discussed, and after reading the difference of metaphor in the cognitive approach and in the traditional approach, Firstly, in Nahj al-Balaghah, the word above has a strong metaphorical focus which implies a spatial relationship and is derived from the combination of "high" and "longitudinal" Secondly, changing the position of the route path in the borderline, has drawn other schemas, which constitute the concept of the source, These designs are the basis of the construction of an abstract concept. Thirdly, in the above-mentioned case study of Nahj al-Balaghah, it was revealed that "direction and movement" was the concept of origin, and abstract concepts such as "domination, majesty, enumeration, extent, affection, and ..." are the meaning of the destination. Key word: Conceptual metaphors, supermodel, visual schemas, Nahj al-Balagh, meaning of the preview, semantic network Abstract A conceptual borrowing; the speaker speaks of a certain unclear concept by relying on known experiences and visual schemas can be understood by the audience. Imam Ali (AS) also used this category of cognitive linguistics in the Nahj al-Balagh with tools such as "above" Until the language of Nahj al-Balaghah is comprehensible to everyone, despite having complex and spiritual matters. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to analyze and analyze the conceptual metaphors of the "above" container in the Nahj al-Balagha language descriptive and analytical method has been discussed, and after reading the difference of metaphor in the cognitive approach and in the traditional approach, Firstly, in Nahj al-Balaghah, the word above has a strong metaphorical focus which implies a spatial relationship and is derived from the combination of "high" and "longitudinal" Secondly, changing the position of the route path in the borderline, has drawn other schemas, which constitute the concept of the source, These designs are the basis of the construction of an abstract concept. Thirdly, in the above-mentioned case study of Nahj al-Balaghah, it was revealed that "direction and movement" was the concept of origin, and abstract concepts such as "domination, majesty, enumeration, extent, affection, and ..." are the meaning of the destination. Key word: Conceptual metaphors, supermodel, visual schemas, Nahj al-Balagh, meaning of the preview, semantic network

On the basis of power schemas, it has been tried, in present study, to explain the principles of   Hafez's cognition. So, from a cognitive linguistic point of view, we want to show that metaphor is not a simply linguistic tool, but a definitely cognitive tool that embellishes the speech. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the term "image schema" that has been explained by Mark Johnson. After a little deliberation on the direction of cognitive linguistics, we have stopped, in this study, on metaphor, and then, power schemas of Hafez's poetry have been reported through introduction of image schemas and their lateral discussions. The results show that the power metaphors Hafez used in his poems reflect his cognitive system and reinforce the foundation of his experiences. Undoubtedly, in the field of power metaphors, one can examine the clusters have come out of the main body through the discovery of metaphorical mappings Hafez has used in his poems, and it can also been realized that the power of his metaphors are functions of a limited number of mappings which stem from the unity of Hafez's attitude about and his stable actions with the cultural and physical environment.

Cognitive linguistics is a branch of linguistic knowledge that considers language as a tool for the order, organization, processing and transmission of information and examines the relationship between languages, man, his mind and his physical and social experiences. "Image schemas", which are the result of movements of the human body, perceptual interactions, and how to deal with perception, is one of the ways in which "cognitive semantics" has been used to understand abstract concepts. Since the holy Quran is blessed book and it is the bounty in the vastness of all times which it in addition to its age is the guidance and training book of all human in all age, the text of holy Quran deserves sticks the main axis for guidance, discovery of its truths and to understand of the concept and speaker's purpose at any time and its combination are carefully analyzed and investigative.
Therefore the present study tries to examine the abstract word "torment" with the approach of linguistic and which using an analytic descriptive method, by discovering and drawing of various image schemas. The result of the research show that God has use a meaningful and physically structured in the 3D space for to express and to understand more abstract and mental concepts, including an all-purpose term "torment", which according to our experience of earthly appear more enlightened

Metaphor as one of the most important studied phenomena with semantics and semantic approach is considered a cognitive mean to express abstract concepts and experiences based on objective and tangible human experiences. Joseph Lakoff and Johnson in his book “Metaphors we live by” published in 1980, talks about a new view in the area of metaphor. Presenting empirical evidence, they have questioned the traditional rhetoric view that considered metaphor as merely a mean to adorn speech and form words. New research by Lakoff and Johnson on metaphor proved that not only metaphor is only one of the specific forms of verbal and literary language, but it also has more important roles in human life than language. Moreover, human cognitive system is basically metaphorical which orientates on human thought, behavior and language. In other words, the role of metaphor in the study of stylistic features and the measure of the innovation of poet is very important, because creativity and innovation are made possible by creating metaphors. Hence, according to the theory and to emphasize Naser Khosrow lyrics, using an analytical- descriptive method, we will peruse the poems of Naser Khosrow and by providing evidence from his poetry, explain how surveyed cognitive infrastructure become novel and literary metaphors. This article is an attempt to survey and analyse his poems to illustrate the metaphors of the pictorial and orientated schema in Naser Khosrow lyrics are considerable and have not yet been investigated .

In the present research, the common metaphors in body of proverbs in northern Khuzestan within the framework of cognitive semantics, based on Evans and Green Schematic Model (2006) are studied. Recordings of languages and dialects plays an important role in preserving language and cultural transmission from one generation to another one.Therefore, one reason of gradual loss of local languages may be attributed to the lack of literary texts. In this regard, proverbs as a component of culture, national, personal and social identity are significant. Proverbs can play a major role in transferring and recognizing concepts and language studies. The role of proverbs and discovering their cognitive structure in regard with the surrounding environment can have a major effect on how to select topics and their purposeful processing in Iranian dialects. Therefore, the need for this study in the framework of cognitive semantics is of great importance. The present study was done through descriptive –inductive method and some data were gathered based on a field study of local speakers. Results of the study revealed that the interaction between experience and environment in forming schemata and conceptual metaphors have a valuable role which appear as practical concepts in audience discourse. Furthermore, the overall schema types specified in Green and Evans Model (2006) including space schema, containment schema, force schema, unity schema, and existence schema were traced in proverbs of Dezfuli Dialect in the north of Khuzestan.

Cognitive Linguistics is one the emerging interdisciplinary sciences that look at Structural principles of language from the perspective of human cognition. Awareness of these patterns could Catalyze the process of Interdisciplinary Dialogue. There are three patterns here: Encyclopedic Approach, Image Schemas, and Metaphor. Metaphor in this case is of great importance. Metaphor and two others could be considered as an entrance of interdisciplinary studies. From this perspective we could survey the quranic exegesis around world “shakilah” and show that all the interdisciplinary issues comes from these cognitive patterns.

One of the new scientific fields that is directly related to the human mind is the cognitive field that increases the number of interdisciplinary researches in this area. The field of “ethics “and “education”, due to the psychological nature and direct connection with the mind and its complexities, can be examined through such studies. Cognitive science and its related sciences, such as cognitive linguistics, have provided researchers with the means of conducting research that reveal the relationship between cognitive science and education. The researcher also intends to take a negligible step by using this tool in the semantic decoding of the Quran. One of the principles of cognitive semantics is conceptual structure. According to “Johnson”, our experiences of the outside world create constructs in our minds that we express to their own language. Human beings construct their physical experiences according to conceptual structures which help them comprehend more abstract experiences. “Mark Johnson” categorizes these schema within three categories: path schema, containment schema and force schema. This article has investigated the frequency of this tool in conveying moral concepts in the Holly Quran to the audience. For this purpose, 6236 Ayah from the Holly Quran were investigated and analyzed on the basis of frequency of image schema. The findings show that the most frequency belongs to path schema with 57.5%, then containment schema stands at the second step (total percentage of 32%). Force schema (with the percentage of 10.5%) is the less frequent one. The most frequent moral issues belong to Revelation, Prophecy, Obey and Follow, Heaven and Hell. Other issues like wisdom, Misguide and Rebellion were identified as grade two and grade three concepts according to the frequency of happening.