جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « منافع جمعی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The economic system is based on human historical and intellectual developments and is formed in the framework of daily material exchanges and in pursuit of individual or collective interests and has institutions, tools and basic requirements that are always evolving. The legal system is also defined as a regular network of institutions and tools that supports the economic system with a wide range of guidance, commercial, legal and criminal requirements and plays a role in the most coercive form of the basic requirements of the economic system with economic criminalization. The characteristic of dependence of the economic system and the legal system requires that economic criminalization should be considered by understanding the dynamic characteristic of the economic system and the economic realities of each country, the origin and criterion of legislation and the adoption of economic policies. This article seeks a new and unconventional approach to the criminalization of economic crimes, and due to the lack of research background, this article can be the beginning of research in this field. Based on this, in this research, using the descriptive-analytical method and in order to discover the answer to the question, "What is the position of the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the criminalization of economic crimes", first, the position and role of the economic system in criminalization economic and in the second part, the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its place in the criminalization of economic crimes are discussed. The results of the research indicate that the support of advanced economy is advanced criminal law, and the support of the national economic system will be advanced criminal law and in line with it; Therefore, the evolution of criminal law simultaneously and in harmony with the evolution of the economic system and the identification of the specific values ​​and structure of the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is assumed as a basic and modern principle for criminalization in the economic field.

The parliament has always been recognized as an important decision-making body in the political structure of societies. Therefore, the need to evaluate the performance of this institution is of great importance. If we evaluate the actions and performance of this institution, we can hope to improve its performance. Because behind evaluation is accountability. Accountability is a social relationship in which the person or institution being evaluated promises to provide appropriate justification for their actions. Therefore, the evaluation process will lead to transparency in the functioning of the parliament. Since the parliament is an institution that influences the life of the general public with its decisions, the need to improve its performance is considered important because it can lead to the realization of collective goals in societies. In this regard, the development of necessary mechanisms in order to achieve this goal deserves attention and the parliament can take an important practical step in this direction by resorting to the mentioned mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose and innovation of this study will be to provide the necessary mechanisms to evaluate and improve the performance of parliament. Obviously, if the actions of the parliament are transparent and improved, the collective interests of the general public can be guaranteed.

Thinking about moral aspects of extra-personal areas, which include both interpersonal and social areas, can have diverse starting points. A starting point that has been widely welcomed by many sociologists, psychologists, and some ethicists in Iran is individualism/collectivism. Conceptual analysis of individualism and collectivism is important and needed because Iranian authors, while employing them so much, at most are content with a short definition of them. The goal of this paper is conceptual analysis of individualism and collectivism in Iran. First, I review and investigate how a number of Iranian authors think about individualism and collectivism, and I analyze and infer which web of concepts individualism and collectivism are connected with. Prominence of egoism and collective interests for Iranian authors in discussing individualism and collectivism has led a significant number of Iranian authors to seek to show that their emphasis on egoism in individualism –and, in some cases, emphasis on collective interests in collectivism— is in accordance with the ideas and concepts some Western thinkers such as Tocqueville and Durkheim. I have concluded from this section that concerning individualism there is much more difference than agreement.

In the absence of a fully organized super-State in the field of international relations, it is recognized that the injured State may take countermeasures in response to a breach of an international obligation. However, the scope and the circumstances of resort to countermeasures are not unlimited, especially when dealing with States which have violated their human-rights obligations. Human-rights obligations enjoy particular characteristics and are different from other obligations in certain respects among which are the object and purpose of the human-rights obligations. They are intended to facilitate the enjoyment of human-rights and freedoms by the human beings rather than the regulation of reciprocal inter-state relations. For these reasons, resort to countermeasures in the event of breach of human-rights obligations is either prohibited or it should be made in a manner which does not impair the full application and enforcement of the human-rights obligations.