جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نابینا » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to participation of the visually impaired and blind in physical activities in Qazvin. The research method is descriptive and causal and applied research.

The statistical population based on Krejcie and Morgan table included 1398 (N = 1930) blinds and visually impaired in Qazvin, 320 people were selected by regular random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 35 questions in 6 components, including individual, temporal, social, cultural, economic and geographical-spatial deterrents in a 5 Likert scale, the validity of which was approved after consultation and approval of 10 experts in this field. Its reliability was calculated to be 0.98 with Cronbach's alpha and distributed among the sample extracted from the statistical population. In this study, descriptive statistics and central indicators such as mean and dispersion indices such as standard deviation and inferential statistics by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to show the distribution status and normality of data and T test to compare the differences between means and Friedman test were used to rank the indicators and influencing factors. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that economic, geographical-spatial, social, temporal, cultural and personal barriers create the greatest barriers to the participation of visually impaired and blind people in physical activities, respectively. Research also showed that there are statistically significant differences between prioritizing barriers to participation of visually impaired and blind people in physical activities.

If the country's officials want the growth and development of sports among the blind and visually impaired people, they should prevent the destructive consequences of not paying attention to this issue by paying special attention and planning for them. It is obvious that expanding the participation of the blind and partially sighted in physical activities requires the efforts of all officials, families and the individual himself in this field.

Audio description is one of the sub-branches of audiovisual translation, which has achieved significant growth in recent years. The current study examined the description of characters’ facial expressions of emotion in Persian audio described films. Facial expressions of emotions were initially analyzed based on Ekman and Friesen’s (2003) model. Next, we designed a questionnaire based on the proposed model and asked 50 participants to answer the questions. It was found that 60.18% of the emotions were lost in translation. The most frequently described emotions were sadness, surprise, anger, happiness and fear, in that order. The results of the first and second phases were consistent since the participants mentioned that the description of emotions were insufficient.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning on the verbal behavior of sixth-grade visually impaired students in the field of experimental sciences in Zahedan. This experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included sixth-grade visually impaired students in primary schools in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, in the academic year of 2019-2020. Twenty students were selected as the study sample using the simple random sampling method and they were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The tool used in this research included an observation schedule of positive and negative verbal behaviors of students. The educational intervention was implemented for the experimental group in 12 sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. The covariance analysis of positive verbal behaviors showed that collaborative learning had a significant positive effect on students’ positive verbal behaviors. Also, covariance analysis of negative verbal behaviors showed that cooperative learning affected students’ negative verbal behaviors. The results showed that teaching based on cooperative learning strengthened positive verbal behaviors but discouraged negative verbal behaviors in visually impaired students. Therefore, it can be suggested that collaborative learning is one of the effective methods for changing the verbal behaviors of visually impaired students.

After diagnosing a injury in children, their families often experience feelings such as shock, confusion, anger, depression, hopelessness, guilt, rejection, embarrassment, feelings of helplessness, and loneliness. The aim of this study was to compare the mindfulness and psychological hardiness of mothers of blind and deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad.

The method of this research was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with 7-12 years old blind and deaf children in Khorramabad in 1400. From the statistical population, 50 mothers with blind children and 50 mothers with deaf children were selected as the research sample by available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Brown and Ryan (2003) Mindfulness Scale and Long and Golett (2003) Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the research data.

The results of the analysis of research data showed that mothers of blind children have more awareness and psychological stubbornness than mothers of deaf children.

According to the results of this study, it can be said that the existence of a deaf child may be associated with psychological problems such as low mindfulness and psychological hardiness in their mothers.

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the cognitive flexibility and resilience of students with visual impairment (Low vision and Blind) in Yasuj City.

The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population included all students with visual impairment studying in Yasuj's Shaghayegh School in the academic year of 2018-19. The research sample also included the entire statistical population (10 students recieved mindfulness training and 10 students recieved no intervention by available sampling method). The used instrument, were Mindfulness Intervention Training, Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003) and Martin and Rubin Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (1995). The mindfulness intervention was performed within 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS21 software and covariance analysis.

After comparison of the post-test cognitive flexibility and resilience components in the two groups with controlling the effect of pre-test, and also, after participation of the experimental group in the mindfulness intervention sessions, it was rejealed that the scores of the experimental group students in cognitive flexibility and resilience were significantly higher than those of the control group students (P≤0.05).

Mindfulness training can be an effective approach in improving the cognitive flexibility and resilience of low vision and blind people.

The Sa’di researchers have often assumed the tales of the Golestan to be “real or semi-real incidents” and, then, interpreted the tales in line with this assumption. For instance, they have considered the internal genre of the tale of “Faqih’s Extremely Ugly Daughter’s Marriage to the Blind Man” to be based on a true daily story about the “importance of woman’s beauty in marriage”. The consequence of this certain type of reading is lack of convergence in the existing interpretations and accusing Sa’di of contradictory and even futile words. The writers of this research paper, however, believe the tale to be a “symbolic-metaphorical allegory” and its subject to be “a criticism of political behaviors of those faqihs (jurisprudents) serving the men of power”. The body of this tale is composed of tangible and experimental structured concepts with a long metaphorical history in the Persian literature which are used to form a secondary concept. The correspondence between the parallel lines of “semantic field of each word” and its “metaphorical field” reveal the network of partial implications and finally the writer’s intent. Therefore, “the faqih’s extremely ugly daughter” is a metaphor for the “daughter of imposition” or “the faqih’s extremely meaningless words”, “reluctance to marriage” is a metaphor for people’s reluctance to read the faqih’s works, and “the blind son-in-law” is a metaphor for a reader who has no common sense.

This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the needs of the Visually Impaired in the Visually Impaired Department of the National Library and Archives of Iran.

The present study is qualitative that was conducted by content analysis method with inductive approach. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Sampling went so far as to saturate the data and no new data was extracted from the interviews. The interview was saturated with 10 visually impaired who had experience using the services of the visually impaired Department. 132 initial codes (2 main themes and 12 sub-themes) were extracted from the interviews. Guba and Lincoln criteria (Credibility, Dependability, Confirmability and Transferability) were used for data robustness and accuracy. Maxqda software version 20 was used for data analysis.

The analysis of the interviews about the participants' experience in using the services of the visually impaired Department of the National Library of Iran was summarized in two general themes: "Problems and Limitations" and "Suggestions for Improving the Services". The 7 sub-themes related to the “limitations and problems” reported by users with visually impaired were: paths and environmental guides, path insecurity, visually impaired independence, special tools for the visually impaired, facilities, environmental conditions of the visually impaired hall (librarian position and hall environmental conditions), and marketing services. People with visually impaired offered suggestions for improving the the services, which were in 5 sub-themes: education, resources, online services, strengthening special facilities, and strengthening voluntary facilities.

The results showed that visually impaired have several problems and limitations in using the services of the visually impaired Department of the National Library and Archives of Iran. Considering that this library is the mother library in the country, it is better for the library staff to follow-up to remove the current restrictions and by continuously evaluating their information needs, redesigning and arranging facilities, reviewing signs and environmental guides, Special facilities, development programs, equipment procurement and marketing programs, take steps to improve the library services for the visually impaired.

A survey of recent studies in audiovisual translation reveals that audio description (AD), as a service of empowerment and accessibility to media for blind or partially sighted audiences, has been increasingly investigated and researched internationally mostly in European counties and the United State, however. This service is newly developing and rarely offered in Iran. This article aims to initially introduce developments and advancements in AD globally and discuss its production process in the world. The article then explores the current status of AD in Iran and reviews the preliminary measures which have recently been taken in this regard. Within an exploratory approach, the required data were obtained through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with AD practitioners in Iran. The findings are classified and presented in six categories. The findings show that the highest proportion of AD production goes to radio and a non-governmental group, Sevina, respectively, and television as a national mass media has not taken any measure in this regard. Besides, the production of AD on the radio has been limited to Iranian feature films, while the products of Sevina group are more diverse. A number of suggestions for future investigations are also presented.

The purpose of this study was to compare the process of developing the moral reasoning of blind and visually impaired students aged 11 to 18 years old in Tehran. The research method was descriptive of causal-comparative type. The statistical society included all blind and sighted students aged 11 to 18 years in Tehran who were studying in ordinary schools and schools for the blind in the academic year 1995-96. Of these, a sample of 120 people (60 blind and 60 sighted) was selected. The blind group was selected using sampling method and Bina group was selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Moral reasoning test was used to collect data. To analyze the data, independent t-test was used. The results of the data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the growth of moral reasoning for blind and intermediate students aged 11-14 years in Tehran (p <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ages of 15 and 18 years (05 / 0 <p). Given the lower ethical reasoning at the age of 11-14, it is suggested that interventions and effective studies be conducted.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of grassroots training on social anxiety of blind students. The research is semi-experimental in which pre-test design was used after the test with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all blind students of the elementary school (first and second period) in Tehran. The number of sample members in this study was determined by 16 people who were selected by the available sampling method from the target population. Due to the small size of the research community, this study attempted to include all members of society as examples. After selecting the sample, the members were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (8 subjects, eight controls). The information gathering tool was Watson & Freund's social anxiety scale (1969). To test the hypothesis of covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the studies showed that the observed difference between the social anxiety scores of the participants according to group membership in the post-test for social anxiety with 99% confidence and for its components: avoidance and social distress and fear of negative evaluation with 95 The confidence level is significant.

Introduction The life of blinds people have certain needs, concerns and problems. The purpose of this research was to explain and explore all aspects of the life experiences of blind and / or low sighted people. Methodology For this purpose, a qualitative method of phenomenological was used. The statistical population in this study was all couples who were either blind or low-sighted and enrolled in the Yazd Rehabilitation Association and had children and also had passed more than 1 year of their marriage. After an interview with 24 people, the researchers reached saturation and did not get any new context. The data of this qualitative study were evaluated using a 7-step colizzi method. Foundings By scrutiny, the text of all interviews was divided into 321 distinct codes. By reviewing the codes, 40 sub-concepts were extracted. These sub-concepts were included in the seven final concepts. These concepts are: 1- "Follow the instructions of religion and the presence of God in life; 2- "The ability of the blind person and the ability to solve problems"; 3- " The ordinary life of blind people"; 4- "Concerns about the incorrect encounter of society"; 5- "Low self-esteem due to the limits of blindness / low-sightness"; 6- "Unpopular culture and views of the people and unsuitable planning"; and 7- "The realities of the blind / low-sighted people". Conclusions According to these concepts, the society of blind / low-sighted people has the same life quality as the rest of the society.

This research aimed to compare depression and anxiety in elementary students with intellectual disability, blindness, deafness and physical mobility disability. This research was considered as a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all elementary students with intellectual disability, blindness, deafness and physical mobility disability of Urmia province during 2016-17 academic years. From among them 26 blind, 34 deaf, 39 physical mobility disable and 40 intellectual disable students were selected using available sampling method. Mothers of all students completed the anxiety, Depression and Mode Scale (Esbensen & et al, 2003) about their children. The data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test. Findings: The finding indicated the depression mean of intellectual disability and physical mobility disability groups significantly was higher than blind and deaf groups, but there was no significant difference between depression mean of intellectual disability group with physical mobility disability group and blind group with deaf group. The mean depression of physical mobility disability group significantly was higher than blind and deaf groups. Also, the anxiety mean of intellectual disability group significantly was higher than physical mobility disability and blind groups, but there was no significant difference between anxiety mean of intellectual disability and deaf groups. The anxiety mean of physical mobility disability group significantly was lower than deaf group, but there was no significant difference between anxiety mean of physical mobility disability and blind groups. In addition there was no significant difference between depression mean and anxiety of blind and deaf groups (P≤0/05). Regarding the results, students with intellectual disability and physical mobility disability in comparison to blind and deaf students need more psychological services especially in the field of programs that reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, school counselors should provide teachers with necessary knowledge about the difference between students and reduce students' symptoms of depression and anxiety through workshops at the proper time.

1. Psychoanalytic criticism, as a link between the two disciplines of psychology and literature, strives to assay literary works from its point of view and provide answers to such questions as how a literary work can depict the characteristics and (personality) traits of its creator. Sigmund Freud and adherents to his school of thought believe that literary works and works of art are mental and psychological documentations of artists' characters and, through them, one can deeply analyze a scholar and his psychological status, revealing his mental illnesses.
2. Theoretical Framework
Severe depression is a neurotic phenomenon and a prevalent emotional illness which causes one not to enjoy life. In fact, the depressed person is inflicted with a type of despair which negatively affects his social and personal relations. People suffering from this illness usually feel depressed, unhappy and bored. They are pessimistic and feel hopeless about the future. They might even talk of committing suicide and report physical complaints, sleep disorders, nightmares, feebleness, exhaustion, and infirmity. They feel desolate, isolated and are self-contained. Recently, psychiatrists have been able to identify psychological and personality disorders through questionnaires such as beck and MMPI-2 tests. A high score in such tests is indicative of the mentioned disorder in the person. Since scholars occasionally show such sings in their works, their works can be analyzed in line with these questionnaires.
The literature regarding such studies dates back to nearly a century ago. For instance, Ghobadi and Houshangi (2009) critically investigated the character of Zal in Ferdowsi's Shahname based on Alfred Adler's psychological theory. In their study, Payandeh, Sanati and Farhadpour (2003) mentioned that psychoanalysis and literature have a two-way relationship and touch on one another. Nazeri and Seddighi (2011) performed a psychological analysis of the concepts of "fairy" and "love" in the poems of Khalil Hawi and Hashemi (2009) offered a psychological interpretation of Muhammad Iqbal's poems. Among the studies undertaken on the works of Abdullah al-Baradouni, "The artistic picture of Abdullah al-Baradouni" by Valid Mashouh can be named where aspects of al-Baradouni's literary creation and his poetic imagery as a blind poet are discussed. "Irony in the poems of Abdullah al-Baradouni" by Musaed bin Sad Zobiani is another work in which the author addresses the humorous language of the poet in expressing issues. The present study is different from the previous ones as the poems of this poet have never been studied from a psychological perspective and, unequivocally, such studies can help researchers better understand the poet's literature.
3. The present research aims to study the poems of the blind, contemporary Yemeni poet, Abdullah al-Baradouni, which add up to three volumes, in a descriptive-analytical way, using MMPI-2 test. This test was first introduced by Starke Hathaway and Charles McKinley and can identify disorders such as psycho-social deviations, mental weaknesses, hypochondria, hysteria, paranoia, schizophrenia and etc. In the present study, the six factors of MMPI-2 were identified as: a) feeling of sadness and melancholy and fatigue of life b) despair and hopelessness, c) fear and anxiety d) pessimism about oneself, life and society d) distress and insomnia e) thinking about death and suicide. Through conforming the poems of this poet to these factors, we aim to answer the main research questions: a) based on MMPI-2 test, has Abdullah al-Baradouni been afflicted with clinical depression b) if yes, what elements have led to the outbreak of this phenomenon in the poet?
4. Findings
The findings of the study can be reviewed from both structural and contextual perspectives. Based on the factors of the test, all the symptoms of depression were deducted from al-Baradouni's poems. Terms such as "depression", "sorrow", "sadness", and "ordeal", etc., all of which convey negative meanings, are used with a high frequency in his works. The prosody of the poems is in congruity with the poet's mental state. The phones of the terms used in the poems are inspired by the poet's melancholy and sorrow. From a contextual perspective, the majority of the contents of his poems signify the poet's melancholy, exhaustion and hopelessness.
5. The findings of the study were analyzed based on the views of such psychologists as Sadock, Koraz, Maurer, and Maddal, Leahy and Bolat and it was found that the feelings of sorrow and sadness, despair and hopelessness, fear and anxiety, pessimism, thinking about death and insomnia and distress in the poet were higher than the normal threshold defined in MMPI-2 test, indicating a severe depression. Factors such as blindness, destitution and poverty, emotional relationship with mother and her untimely death along with the unwanted birth of the poet have all been major influential factors contributing to his affliction with this psychological disorder.
In the end, it is suggested that future researches analyze Abdullah al-Baradouni's poems from an existentialism perspective, illustrating, in three levels, his relationship with himself, nature and others

The present study aims to develop and validate the Sense of Agency Inventory for visually impaired individuals. So 400 visually impaired participants were selected via the convenience sampling technique. The 33-item inventory was developed for investigating the sense of agency using theoretical framework and the developed conceptual model. Then, three components of self-efficacy, optimism, and planfulness were considered as its subscales. After that participants completed the inventory and deleting defected copies, 400 copies were randomly selected. The data were investigated and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. As the result of confirmatory factor analysis and the rotated structural matrix via the principal component analysis (PCA) method, three items, two related to self-efficacy and one to optimism subscales, were deleted. Finally, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model enjoys favorable goodness of fit and can be used as an effective instrument in psychological research.

This study aimed to investigate the role of body image and self-concept in predicting psychological disorders among blind and deaf students.
The study population of this causal-comparative study consisted of all blind and deaf students enrolled in secondary schools in Tehran, Iran, in the second half of 2013. One-hundred students (50 blind and 50 deaf) were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and completed questionnaires on body image and self-concept in addition to Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Results were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.
Results revealed that the two groups significantly differed in terms of mental health components, including depression, anxiety, and stress, together with body image and self-concept (p£0.05), with depression, anxiety, and stress being higher in blind students. Based on the results, the model significantly predicted psychological disorders from body image and self-concept in blind and deaf students (p£0/05), and 0.33 and 0.45 of the total variance of psychological disorders in blind and deaf students, respectively, were explained by body image and self-concept.
This study has implications for the use of body image and self-concept-based interventions to promote mental health in blind and deaf individuals.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of quality of life psychotherapy on blind girls’ mental health in Esfahan. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and a follow up. The population consisted of all blind girls who had records in Isfahan Welfare Organization in 2014. Through convenience sampling, 40 blind girls were selected and randomly assigned into two groups, experimental and control. Experimental group received quality of life psychotherapy for 8 sessions (90 minutes each) and then, both groups completed SCL-90-R personality traits questionnaire (Dragotis et al, 1973). The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Time-varying effects of depression were significant, that is, the pre-test rate of depression in both groups decreased significantly (P<0.01). The interaction of time with the indicators of anxiety, obsession and hostility was significant (P<0.01). In other words, psychotherapy made a significant difference between experimental group and control group in the three indicators of anxiety, obsession and hostility in posttest and follow up.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness attribution style’s change on depression rate decrease, of adolescent blind girls. This study was carried out on experimental basis in pre-test, post-test design with control group. For this purpose, using the available sampling method, 30 of the depressed blind girls were selected and randomly substituted into two test and control groups, they were studying in secondary and high school stages of Tehran ‘Narjes blind school’ in the academic year of 2011-2012 and were placed in negative state/situations of internal, stable and general attribution style. Subjects of the experimental group were placed under attribution style change program’s educational course in ten, 45 minutes sessions in group form; however the control group did not receive any kind of education in this regard. The research data collected by ‘adolescence and children depression test’ as well as by the questionnaire of ‘adolescent and children attribution style’ and analyzed using the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test and the Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The obtained results indicated that, the attribution style change of internal, stable and general to external, unstable and specific have significant effect on reducing of depression rate (p < 0/0001). This can be concluded, thus, that the attribution style change was effective in depression rate decrease of blinds girl’s adolescents.

The purpose of this study was the examination of the spinal deformities in children with sensory impairment. 16 blind children (9 girls، 7 boys) and 30 deaf children (14 girls، 16 boys) participated as the sample groups in Ardabil city. 60 healthy children (30 girls and 30 boys) also participated as the control group. Spinal mouse was used for the assessment of lordosis، scoliosis and kyphosis. One-Way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test was used to compare groups by using SPSS (16 version) software. Data analyze showed that there were no significant difference among groups in kyphosis rate (p=0/345)، lordosis (p=0/204) and lumbar scoliosis (p=0/185). The thoracic scoliosis (p=0/002) showed significant difference among the groups. According to the findings of the present study، sensory impairment (especially Blindness) has relationship with postural problems. Therefore، early screening and then exercise training programs appears to be essential to improve their physical condition.