جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پست مدرنیته" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Since Vattimo's interpretation of Nietzsche requires examining the views of Heidegger and Dilthey as his main points, Therefore, in this article, we intend to first mention Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche, as the last metaphysical philosopher of the West, in which Heidegger to justify his goal; which is a re-evaluation of the history and experience of the West, deals with Nietzsche's interpretation. Then, briefly, we discuss Dilthey's interpretation of Nietzsche, as a philosopher of life, in which the closeness of Heidegger's and Nietzsche's thinking is emphasized. In the end, by explaining Vatimo's interpretation of Heidegger's Nietzsche, we show that, contrary to Heidegger's opinion, by examining Nietzsche's interpretation of modern nihilism and its connection with postmodern nihilism, he calls him the first postmodern philosopher. And it shows that it is Nietzsche who should be read as the first postmodern philosopher, not Heidegger, and the reason for these different perceptions and interpretations presented by Nietzsche, itself expresses the sensitive position of Nietzsche's philosophy at the end of metaphysics

The history of political thought in Iran has been so far put on paper chiefly in view of the relationship between tradition and modernity. Without exaggeration, it can be claimed that the method of recording political thought has itself turned into a dominant and hegemonic discourse, making it hard for other discourses to emerge. Adopting an analytical-descriptive methodology, this paper tries to shed a new light on Iran’s discourses of thought through investigating the relationship between ethics and politics: political Islam or Islamist discourse, liberalist discourse and Marxist discourse.Theoretically speaking, there are three forms of relationships between ethics and politics: maximum metaphysics, minimum metaphysics, and no relationship between ethics and politics. Findings of the paper indicate that in view of the relationship between ethics and politics, the Islamist discourse is of maximum metaphysics, hence seeking maximum ethical interference in politics. To that end, Iranian liberalist discourse is of minimum metaphysics favoring least ethical intervention in any aspect of human life. Given certain theoretical foundations constituting its pillars, the Iranian Marxist discourse believes in separation of ethics from politics.

Authority as a necessary and vital doctrine for the birth and survival of a state is an understanding that has faced different readings in each of the "pre-modern", "modern" and "post-modern" discourses and judgment platforms. Basically, the question of authority, in terms of what kind of power has the right to command the people and the role of the people in granting and delegitimizing the power contained in an individual or institution, is a question that formulates the basis of public law. This article aims to analyze authority with an analytical and ultimately normative thinking, and in the depth of expressing the differences between authority in each of the discourses, achieve a new model for rethinking about authority. Finally, the present article defends this idea and theory that instead of discursive analysis, verbal analysis of authority, it is desirable to include Benbadin justifications for the legitimacy of power while guaranteeing democratic rights and freedoms.

Secularism in the Opinion of Western ThinkersDr. Abdul Rahman AlemReza NasiriAbstract:Although concepts such as secularization, mundane and worldly have similar meaning, there are some differences between them. However, the secularization has three characteristics: 1) decline in the role of religion to give meaning to the social sphere, 2) structural difference: there is a distinction between religious institutions and worldly institution, 3) transition from religious behavior and perception to worldly one. The secularism is inseparable from modernity. Modernity is a culture and religion and not similar to geography and history. Western modernization is so powerful to make everything similar to itself. So, divine religions would be faced with challenges by expansion of modernization. Secularism acknowledges the religion in the society, but it insists on its principles: 1) the religion has to be separable from politics and government 2) the religion has to acknowledge the exclusive authority of natural science, 3) the religion doesn’t have to rule over the people.

Religion is one of the most important human phenomena that has had a special place in the theoretical apparatus of thinkers and thinkers in the field of human sciences in every historical period. It was the modern era and the concepts created during this period, in this research, an attempt has been made to examine a category such as religion from the perspective of postmodern thinkers. Accordingly, in the present research, a phenomenon such as religion has been examined from the perspective of postmodern thinkers such as Deleuze, Derrida, Lyotard, Baudrillard, and the type of view of each of these thinkers has been examined based on their theoretical apparatus. Am. The results of this article showed that religion in the postmodern era also faces many contradictions that these contradictions show the incompatibility of the epistemic foundations of religion and postmodernity. Based on the results of this research and the perspective of postmodern thinkers, it can be claimed that Religion and postmodernity are not compatible with each other.

In 1970s, Jean-François Lyotard wrote The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge at the request of the president of Conseil des Universities, government of Quebec. In this book, he argues that the conditions of communities have changed. Knowledge and information have undergone the dominance of technology in general, and computers in particular. Besides these effects on knowledge, Lyotard has named this the end of the industrial age and mass production, “The Postmodern Era”. In his book, he continues by criticizing the knowledge under the dominance and control of technology. He discusses the incredulity toward metanarratives, the knell of the age of the professor, legitimation of knowledge, as well as narrative and scientific knowledge. “The Postmodern condition” is in a sense a forerunner of postmodern thinking. Instead of starting from power struggle to maintain the global capitalist system, it starts from technology, and this may be the weak point of this work. There are many different reviews on this report which have contributed to the growth of postmodern thoughts, and it is recommended for all audiences interested in postmodern topics.

The theory of spirituality and rationality believes that the institutionalized religion in the modern world cannot play its traditional role in tranquilizing human being and freeing him from pain and suffering; and it is only the religion that is capable of doing so. Since this theory has defined its mission for the modern human being, it considers itself committed to postmodern parameters. According to this theory, the spiritual man is the postmodern spiritual man with the features and parameters consistent with him. In stating the features of the spiritual man, Malekian is faithful to some postmodern features, but enumerates some more fundamental features for the spiritual man that gets him out of the circle of devotion to the postmodern foundations and models. The spiritual man with the recently mentioned features is realizable just in the system and structure of traditional religion and it is not possible to generate the spiritual man on the anthropological bases and the models of secular spirituality, or he would be a dual man who has gathered inconsistent features (religious and postmodern).

Secularism in the Opinion of Western ThinkersDr. Abdul Rahman AlemReza NasiriAbstract:Although concepts such as secularization, mundane and worldly have similar meaning, there are some differences between them. However, the secularization has three characteristics: 1) decline in the role of religion to give meaning to the social sphere, 2) structural difference: there is a distinction between religious institutions and worldly institution, 3) transition from religious behavior and perception to worldly one. The secularism is inseparable from modernity. Modernity is a culture and religion and not similar to geography and history. Western modernization is so powerful to make everything similar to itself. So, divine religions would be faced with challenges by expansion of modernization. Secularism acknowledges the religion in the society, but it insists on its principles: 1) the religion has to be separable from politics and government 2) the religion has to acknowledge the exclusive authority of natural science, 3) the religion doesn’t have to rule over the people.Key Words: Secularism, Worldly, Modernity, Postmodernity

In the functionalism paradigm, management accounting is as a neutral instrument and symbolic device addressing fair representation and ontology derived from such a paradigm is the separation of facts from accounting practices. In the new paradigms originated from postmodernity, we achieve a performative approach under which accounting accepts the roles of making territory, mediatory, judgment and making up mind for the audience by creating cognitive boundaries that make room for social practices in economic and financial theory. In this regard, based on actant-network theory, management accounting is an actant in interaction with other actants in interconnected networks of individuals, organizations and markets that can cause changes in other actants and creative performativity can be a field for penetration and intervention, so political calculations can become manifest to persuasive arguments in management accounting ontology. In this paper, regarding a research based on philosophical, sociological and economic analysis, management accounting ontology is addressed emphasizing on performativity and actant-network theory and its three applications in the field of social responsibility, professionalism and accountability are also mentioned. The results show that Management accounting finds identity in network intelligent processes and in real networks cannot ignore the major role of virtual and position inevitable elements of “power and ideology”.

In this article, both the cognitive and social grounds as well as the consequences of postmodern orientalism is investigated using the archival-analytic method. The discussion at hand is centred upon a cognitive approach to the different stages and periods of orientalism and proceeds by following the developments in ‘science’ and knowledge. While it is true that changes in the notion of ‘science’ during the last few centuries has affected the conceptualization and epistemological approach of orientalism, leading to a new humility and to the use of a more conciliatory language, it nevertheless appears to be the case that the West is striving to quietly revive the classical spirit of orientalism-one that looks at and marginalizes the East in a colonialist way-in this present period labelled as postmodern. The paper in hand applies itself to these themes and in the process alludes to some of the new approaches to orientalism as enunciated by figures such as Edward Said, Ziauddin Sardar, Leila Ghandi, Hisham Djait

The main goals of current essay are explanation and analysis of Modern-Postmodern contentions to do determining the role of philosopher of education for the purpose of evolution in education. The method is critical philosophical discovery with two main lines of rational and emancipatory approaches. Although there are important contentions between modern and postmodern thoughts the inquiry indicates the philosophy of education as intellectual action. The major result indicates that enlightenment and intellectual activity after Modern-Postmodern contention is desirable and also possible. The effect of philosophy of education and philosophers of education should be regard in contact with professional، public and intellectual characters as unified entity of philosopher of educating personality.

This article is an attempt to study the role of power and factors involved in formation of Iranian public sphere in the postmodern period. We will use Foucault's reverse method in order to analyze the sources of producing power and how power is being exercised in postmodern world. We will use Foucault's approach to bio-power in order to be able to identify how power is being produced and how it is being exercised and how it leads to formation or lack of formation of public sphere. We have also used Foucault's reverse method so to address some historical breaks that might have occurred in postmodern world.
Application of the Foucauldiannotion of historical break contributed to identifying two theoretical and empirical findings. The first break is offered in the area of theoretical analysis in which we refer to the postmodern controlled society as Negri and Hardt put it in “Empire”. This argument will clarify how the postmodern power uses new media in order to exercise its influence through the process of communicating mode of control. Contrary to Habermas's approach to internet and its power to development of public sphere we indicate that this has become a postmodern panopticon type of control and a virtual factory in which users behave in a similar manner as postmodern workers in which they use their emotional work so to strengthen the bio-power of capitalism. It seems as if the imprisonment, control and exploitation of subjects is taking place in internet and makes it hard for internet to be transformed into public sphere.
The second break (based on our empirical findings) indicates that it is the centrality of culture and history that contributes to the formation of public sphere as it creates ground for realization of power of masses. Our 2009 field research results in Iran indicates that power of masses which takes its roots from historical as well as Islamic factors can provide the grounds for formation of Iranian public sphere.
Using the results of second break we will indicate that our conclusion for the first break is also valid as we believe internet alone cannot lead to the formation of Iranian public sphere. Other results also indicate that power of masses can be deny the postmodern technologies and this is all because Iranian society enjoys historical and cultural factors that can help formation of an indigenous public sphere that has global orientations.

the basis of dualism in western philosophy، that flourished in modernity، was built upon the opposition between reason/intuition، heaven/earth، spirit/body، pleasure/morality. Foucault extends the criticism of this dualism to its final station in favor of intuition/earth. This paper will consider Foucault’s thought، his separation from philosophical/political discourse of modernity. Modernity started with humanism، but Foucault regarded the transition to modernity not as a transition to freedom and liberty، but as a transition from an observable domination to an unobservable one and takes all truth claims and general principles special formulation of hegemonic relations and power technologies.

In this article, we want to assess the necessity of noticing to religion basics in the critic of theories of counseling and psychotherapy and according to it, designing native patterns. To describe this necessity, at first being discussed the necessity of considering to core basics of these theories according to fundamentalism of epistemology, then reviewing Philosophical and thinking origins in modernism and postmodernism, and investigate their core basics. At the end, we notice to the effect of these origins on counseling and psychotherapy theories and analyzing their conflicts with religion basics. Also we consider to "necessity" of critic of these basics and introducing new theories and designing native theories based on religious teaching.

Media (including books, newspapers & Journals/Magazines) is one of the most important elements in construction & institutionalization of modern identity. This paper will survey the role and importance of newspapers/journals in the national identity construct. For explaining the relations between these two variables, the following issues will be considered: •The construction of modern national communities & sympathy in the framework of loyalty to a “Nation” has a direct relation with their general development (which will be explained in the paper).• A general review/history of newspapers/journals and their different categorizations • Definition of national identity and its elements•How the development & expansion of newspapers/journals have positively affected on the modern society construct?To provide a theoretical framework for this survey, the paper has benefited from the ideas & theories of John Thompson, Jorgen Hubermas, Benedict Anderson, Harold Lasswel and Paul Lazarsfeld.