جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پیامدها » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Transformational leadership has emerged as a new approach in the leadership landscape and has provided the basis for creating and promoting individual and organizational effectiveness by prioritizing changes in the organization.

the aim of this study is to identify the consequences of transformational leadership using meta-analysis.

This research is a meta-analysis in terms of practical purpose and method. The research community included articles published in scientific and research journals on transformational leadership from 2006 to the spring of 2022, of which 95 entered the meta-analysis process using a targeted non-random sampling method as an example. The research was analyzed using CMA2 software.

The findings showed that among the consequences of transformational leadership 0.19% had an effect of less than 0.3; 0.31% had an effect between 0.3 and 0.5; and 0.50% had a high effect of 0.5.. The results also showed that among the consequences of transformational leadership, the variables of work attachment (0.962), job satisfaction (0.860), job performance (0.825) and structural empowerment (0.820) had large effects, respectively.

According to the results, transformational leadership, as a leadership style, has specific consequences and impacts on many individual and organizational variables and should be considered by managers.

Abstract The present study aims to identify the factors affecting brand narcissism in the Iranian sports industry. The method of qualitative research is based on the strategy of Charms and Glycerke, which is exploratory-development based on the goal. For this purpose, 14 experts and elites familiar with the field of sports marketing and brand were purposefully selected based on the theoretical approach for in-depth semi-structured interviews, which continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Descriptive statistical techniques and hidden content analysis technique in the form of phenomenological strategy (open and axial coding) by MAXQDA18 software were used to analyze the data. According to the results of 11 main categories of brand belonging (personal experience, brand fascination, brand loyalty, respect), social factors, brand identity, brand attitude (brand reputation, brand image), celebrities, sponsors, advertising included ( Commercial advertising, word of mouth), brand reputation (integration with sport, brand nature), ethical and behavioral characteristics including (consumer behavior, biological characteristics, personality traits), brand differentiation from other competitors and media factor as effective factors is identified. The category of moral and behavioral characteristics had the highest coefficient of importance and had 3 sub-categories with the coefficient of importance and frequency 54 and the main category of brand belonging with the coefficient of importance of Shenon 47 had the highest frequency. Based on the results, the extent of brand narcissism in the sports industry can be evaluated and measured based on the components identified in this study.

Arbaeen walking rituals is one of the phenomena that has become widespread in the last decades after the extensive support and propaganda of government institutions. The main goal of this article is to discover the consequences of this phenomenon.

This research was conducted using Grounded Theory strategy and 49 Iranian pilgrims who marched in Arbaeen rituals were interviewed.

Finally, 26 appearance concepts and 10 categories were classified in the results section. 

According to the results of the research, the consequences of the walking rituals are as follows: the display of Iran's political power/defective governance/future challenges/behind the scenes challenges/reproduction of religion/change of religious lifestyle/expansion of social tolerance/personalization of religion/rethinking rituals/and development of origin and destination. As a result of these rituals, despite the positive consequences, it will require challenges at the origin and destination.

The aim of this study was to design a model for development of personal social responsibility of professional athletes in Iran. The method of the study was qualitative research based on Grounded theory, and the Strauss-Corbin model was used to identify the phenomenon and collect data through interviews. The research participants were experts and researchers in the field of social responsibility and sport management, and professional coaches and athletes, were selected using snowball sampling method. The data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews that continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by showing the process of analyzing the interviews to the experts and research reliability in terms of methodology and content, the accuracy of different aspects of research from collection to data analysis, was investigated by asking two experts who had no connection to the research. Findings showed causal factors: social culture, social status, sports privileges, sports philosophy; Underlying factors: ethics, spirituality, organizational support, family-centered, responsibility; Interfering factors: awareness, planning, support, macro limitations; Central phenomenon: participation, empathy, authority, benevolent presence, communication, support for the deprived, environmental support, appreciation. Also strategies: social relations, support, awareness, motivation, validation, planning; Implications also include: athlete brand, health-oriented sport, social improvement and culture building. Implementing the athlete’s social responsibility model and focusing on development of its components, sports managers can influence the athletes participation and subsequently the participation of the society in social activities and achieve the social goals of sports in society. The application of the model is important since knowing the relationships between the factors of the model can give managers and athletes a better understanding and have a more scientific view of the phenomenon in question.

This research aims to identify the consequences of knowledge hiding and develop a structural model and the causal relationships between them using a mixed method. Research methodology is pragmatic paradigm in terms of research philosophy with integrated approach, the first phase is qualitative and the second phase is quantitative, it is also survey in terms of research strategy. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes 34 articles out of 45 related to the period 2000 to 2023 and related to the consequences of knowledge hiding. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population included 10 experts in the field of knowledge management. In the first phase, data was obtained from the content analysis of articles related to knowledge hiding, in which 16 consequences of knowledge hiding were identified. In the second step, fuzzy Delphi was adopted in order to select the most important ones and finally 8 factors were identified. In the next step, the structural model of these factors was developed using the interpretive structural modeling method. By using Micmac analysis, the factors were classified based on driving and dependence power. At the end, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was adopted in order to analyze the causal relationships between the factors. The results showed that lack of empowerment is the most important consequence of knowledge hiding, and lack of creativity and innovation, low quality of decision-making, lack of organizational commitment, job dissatisfaction, lack of organizational development, poor performance and turnover intentions are other consequences of knowledge hiding.

The current research aim is to identifying the requirements and outcomes of improving technological capability in the defense field. For this purpose, the Supreme Leader's statements from From Esfand 1400 to the end of 1401 that published in the KHAMENEI.IR are considered as research community and have been analyzed. The data has been analyzed using thematic analysis and MAXQDA software. The research findings include identification of two overarching themes, 18 organizing themes and 53 basic themes. According to the research findings Constructive interactions of the armed forces with academic and seminary centers; Focusing on useful sciences, youthism, focusing on applied sciences, scientificall jihad, reforming processes and Science-oriented in the defense field and talent management, creating think tanks, pathology of past actions, adapting the structure and strengthening hope for the future in Armed forces are finding as the requirements for improving the technological capability; and improving the level of defense sciences and defense capabilities, preserving Iranian Islamic identity, creating endogenous security and national authority and improving public satisfaction are finding as outcomes of improving the technological capability in the defense field.

The present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome from the underlying factors of the disease. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. Data collection was done through a semi-structured interview. The participants of this research included 13 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The selection of participants was done using the purposeful criterion sampling method based on the criteria of entry and exit from Tehran province in the autumn of 1401 and continued until the saturation of information. Data collection was done using semi-structured and in-depth interviews, and after recording each interview, the extracted content was written word by word. Coding of data continued simultaneously with data collection. Data analysis was done using the Colaisian method (seven steps). In total, 13 sub-themes and 3 main themes were obtained from 13 interviews. The results of this study show that cultural factors, economic factors, and individual-social factors are among the consequences of irritable bowel syndrome.

This research sought to find the determinants and consequences of non-performing loans. For this purpose, meta-synthesis method was used and 7 steps of meta-synthesis proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) were implemented. The intended sample for meta-synthesis consists of selected studies based on their relationship with the research question. In the present study, the initial sample included 194 sources related to the research topic, which were extracted from databases without time limits. After screening the sources in terms of various items such as title, abstract, content and quality, 151 sources remained, whose results were examined more precisely and combined with each other. The result of this process was the extraction of 118 codes, which were categorized into 10 categories of determinants, 11 strategies to reduce and 12 consequences of non-performing loans. Determinants include international factors, macroeconomic factors, bank-specific factors, industry-related, market, borrower, and loan, political, macro-financial and institutional factors. 36% of determinants were classified in the category of macroeconomics determinants, 31% in the category of bank-specific factors, and 33% in the other 9 categories. Another result of this study is the circular causality observed among the consequences and determinants.

Employees mental absent is a negative phenomenon which can make organizations face many challenges in order to achieve a competitive advantage. Therefore, the aim of the this study is to designing a pattern for antecedents and consequences of employees mental absence in Iran. This study conducted using the meta- synthesis method as a qualitative research. The results show that the antecedents of employees mental absence in Iran can be studied in to two individual (with two components of attitudinal-perceptual factors and behavioral-functional factors) and organizational levels (with three components of factors related to the nature of the job, factors related to the job environment and the weakness of internal processes of the organization). The findings also indicate that the consequences of employees mental absence in Iran can be mentioned in to two individual (with two components of attitudinal-perceptual consequences and behavioral-functional consequences) and organizational levels (with two components of short-term consequences and long-term consequences).

In recent years, mobbing has emerged as a significant global problem in workplaces, leading to negative organizational behaviors (Alfano et al., 2021). This phenomenon poses challenges to productivity, competitive advantage, and organizational sustainability (Kurnaz & Oğuzhan, 2021). Mobbing refers to a situation where certain members of an organization are targeted, harassed, rejected, and socially isolated, resulting in a detrimental impact on the performance of the individuals affected (Balducci et al., 2009). Consequently, mobbing can have unfortunate consequences within the organization, disrupting harmony of the work environment and diminishing employee’s motivation (Psunder, 2015). Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly study mobbing, identify its causes and consequences, and effectively manage it (Mehmet, 2021). However, the existing research in this field has only focused on specific aspects of the issue, lacking a comprehensive and cohesive framework for understanding the causes and consequences of mobbing. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature that needs to be addressed. To address this gap and facilitate the management and mitigation of the destructive effects of mobbing, this study aimed to design a comprehensive model to encompass the causes and consequences of mobbing within organizations. By doing so, we aimed to contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights into this phenomenon.

This study employed a qualitative approach and utilized the meta-synthesis method to systematically review and integrate the findings of various research studies with the aim of reshaping the existing knowledge (Jensen & Allen, 1996) and proposing new frameworks (Paterson et al., 2001). The seven stages of meta-synthesis, as presented by Sandelowski & Barroso (2007), were followed to analyze and combine the results of previous research studies. In the initial stage, research questions were formulated and in the 2nd stage, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. Relevant keywords were searched in both Persian and English databases to identify the necessary sources in the 3rd stage. Subsequently, the identified sources were evaluated based on their title, abstract, and content, resulting in the selection of 49 sources for inclusion in this research. In the 4th stage, the selected sources were thoroughly examined and the causes and consequences of mobbing in organizations were extracted as primary codes. In the 5th stage, the identified codes were carefully reviewed, duplicate codes were eliminated, and efforts were made to categorize the codes into specific and distinct components based on their semantic and conceptual similarities. Next, the components were classified into dimensions to create a model representing the causes and consequences of mobbing in organizations. To ensure the research reliability, the Kappa index was utilized for evaluating the agreement between researchers in the coding process.

The findings of this study revealed that the causes of mobbing in organizations could be categorized into the three individual, group, and organizational dimensions. The individual dimension encompassed 3 components: the victim’s characteristics, the mobber’s characteristics, and interpersonal factors. The group dimension included in-group and out-group factors, while the organizational dimension comprised job-related and non-job-related factors. Although previous studies had touched upon these dimensions, none of them had comprehensively addressed all the three dimensions in a single study. For instance, Demiroren & Simsek (2021) focused solely on the individual level, neglecting the other dimensions. Similarly, Picakciefe et al. (2017) only examined the characteristics of the immediate environment. On the other hand, Demiroren & Simsek (2021) explored organizational causes but failed to consider other aspects. Furthermore, the results indicated that the consequences of mobbing could be analyzed across the four individual, group, organizational, and extra-organizational dimensions. The individual dimension encompassed attitudinal-perceptual, physiological, and behavioral-functional components. The group dimension included in-group and out-group consequences, while the organizational dimension comprised cultural components and managerial-executive consequences. Lastly, the extra-organizational dimension encompassed family and social consequences. Although previous researchers had examined the consequences of mobbing, no studies had comprehensively addressed all these dimensions together. For example, İnandi & Büyüközkan (2022) and Kurnaz & Oğuzhan (2021) focused primarily on individual consequences, while Dagli & Arslantas (2022) emphasized group and organizational levels. Notably, the extra-organizational consequences had received limited attention in the literature with only a few studies (Plos et al., 2022; Yildiz, 2007) exploring this aspect of analysis.

the main aim of this research was the designing a structural equation model of the antecedents and consequences of emotional leadership of principals of public boys' schools in the high school in West Azerbaijan province at the academic year of 2021-2022. The current research was applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, structural equations type. The statistical population includes all principals of public boys' schools of high school in West Azarbaijan province (190 high schools). Using cochran formula 123 principals of these schools were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from the cities of the province. In this research, from six standard questionnaires in the form of a five-point Likert, including: Davis emotional empathy questionnaire (1983), emotional self-management by Waltz et al. (1996), psychological empowerment by Spreitzer & Mishra (1997), responsibility Abdul and Ibrahim (2002), Antonik and Hiserich Entrepreneurship Development (2003) and emotional control in the work environment Rajer & Najaryan (1989) have been used.The results of data analysis showed that All antecedents and consequences (respectively emotional empathy 0.34, self-management 0.27, psychological empowerment 0.63, employee responsibility 0.49 and entrepreneurship development 0.58) have a positive and significant relationship with emotional leadership.

Organizational inertia leads to the damage and inefficiency in organizational processes and then the incidence of serious obstacles in the direction of achieving goals at micro and macro levels. Today due to the possibility of this phenomenon occurring in various organizations, and its role as the most important factor limiting flexibility and preventing the organization from providing a timely reaction and response to daily environmental changes, the importance of deeper identification of the causes affecting the occurrence of this phenomenon and its consequences has doubled. Therefore, due to the lack of a unified and coherent model around the causes and consequences of organizational inertia, the present research aims to systematically review and qualitatively combine the findings of previous studies regarding the issue of inertia in the organization and formulate a single framework of the causes and consequences of the mentioned phenomenon. The results of the present applied research indicate that the causes of inertia in the organization can be studied and investigated in three individual, group and organizational dimensions and its consequences in two individual and organizational dimensions. based on the mentioned cases, at the end of the research, the conceptual model of the organizational inertia was developed and presented.

The main objective of this research was to study the outcomes of brand globalization of the Iranian football pro-league.

In order to achieve the goal and according to the specialty of the subject, qualitative study was used by conducting in-depth interviews with the experts of this subject. The interviews were conducted using snowballing technique and ultimately 20 people (18 Iranian people and 2 foreigners) were interviewed. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by grounded theory method through three stages open, axial, and selective coding. 

The consequences identified according to the internal and external conditions and the strategic globalization of the brand of Iran's premier football league showed 5 main areas and 32 categories. These areas included: political, economic, legal, structural and cultural-social development.

According to the research findings of the positive outcomes of brand globalization of the Iranian football pro-league, it is necessary for the country’s football managers as well as practitioners to provide the required conditions and platforms to move on the path to globalization.

In this article, the main question is what were the most important reasons for labor protests in Asaluyeh and its consequences from the second half of the 2010s onwards, and the most important suggestions for institutionalizing demands and preventing labor radicalism from the perspective of model indicators and governance theory. what are good The general finding of this field research with the interview technique of workers, workers and experts indicates the first place of economic components, the second place of social and cultural components and then the third place of institutional components (supervisory, trust, regulatory, etc.) as drivers. or the roots of the labor protests were in Asalouye. Of course, in the eyes of experts, due to their specialized knowledge and the importance of institutional factors, the importance of institutional components in rooting protests and consequences was high compared to workers. Some of the most important consequences of these labor protests for the country were: increasing the vulnerability of internal security, decreasing trust and weak acceptability of government institutions and labor unions, and the contagion effects of labor protests to similar areas. In the end, to prevent labor radicalism and institutionalize their demands, practical suggestions were presented from the perspective of good governance theory.

The process of changes in societies and companies shows that it is currently inevitable to pay attention to online activities from the points of view of both suppliers and customers. Many companies active in the field of online business have realized the severity of the changes, especially in the field of competition and technology. However, due to the lack of a suitable written plan and strategy, they have not been able to solve their problems, especially in market management. So, in order to solve the problems of companies, the use of holistic strategic marketing plan models seems necessary. These models are of special importance with regard to the online space, which is a dynamic space, the output of the general stages of the holistic strategic marketing plan models (compilation, implementation and evaluation), and the general results of the actions taken. From this point of view, to continue the life of the organization and its survival, it is necessary to identify the other components and consequences of holistic strategic marketing plan models which have not been considered in the previous models. Therefore, our goal in this research is to identify the results of using a holistic strategic marketing plan model in online businesses. The qualitative question of the research is ‘What are the outcomes of the holistic strategic marketing plan model in online businesses?’
The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the outcomes of using holistic strategic marketing plan models in online businesses. It is a type of qualitative research. Examining the existing literature and the inconsistency of the findings to solve the problems of our society necessitated the use of the grounded theory. This research also seeks to generate and expand the theory from qualitative data. To do the research, an in-depth interview method was used to collect information, and an almost unstructured interview was conducted with each person selected from the target audience. The statistical population of this research consisted of university professors and consultants in the field of strategic marketing planning and the managers specializing in online businesses who were also active in this field. The purposeful sampling strategy was used to explore the phenomenon under study. The data collection in this research continued until theoretical saturation, and a total of ten in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews lasted from about one hour to three hours. They were fully recorded and immediately implemented without changes. The data analysis was based on the principles related to the contextual theory (open, axial and selective coding), and the concepts and categories were created through a content analysis with the MAXQDA software version 2020.
The data analysis led to the identification of 55 concepts. Finally, one main category was classified as the core category, and the other six main categories were classified as the consequences of an online holistic strategic marketing plan model. The data coding was done in the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Regarding the open coding in this research, after implementing each interview in the software, open coding was started, and each line or paragraph containing a point related to the research question was assigned a tag of words that indicated that point. Then, the codes obtained from the interviews were compared, and the similar codes were placed next to each other. At this stage, after removing similar codes, finally, 55 concepts were identified. In the axial coding stage, the concepts obtained in the open coding stage were compared, combined and reduced, and the codes containing similar meanings were placed next to each other and under the sub-categories or directly under the main categories. Finally, the identified concepts were classified under seven main categories. As for selective coding, the core category was an online holistic strategic marketing plan, and the other main categories (namely brand knowledge, attitude, customer journey online, customer experience online, evaluation and control and organization performance) were considered as the outcomes of the online holistic strategic marketing plan model.
Considering the cultural, economic, social and political differences between our country and the other societies in which the related research has been conducted, the current research with a localization approach has presented the results of a holistic strategic marketing plan for online businesses. The insight provided by the present research can be used in academic circles to create and store knowledge as well as by the companies active in the field of online businesses and marketing managers.

Today, flexibility has become one of the important subjects in management theories and policies, and flexible human resource is the most important factor in responding to changes in the external environment. Human resource flexibility patterns are one of the most important aspects of organizational flexibility, which focuses on the adaptation of employees in characteristics such as knowledge, skills, and behavior to changing environmental conditions. In this regard, this research seeks to re-identify the effective factors and results of the flexibility of human resources based on quantitative studies.

The current research is developmental in terms of purpose, applied regarding type of use, and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The research population included scientific-research articles and theses in internal and external databases in the field of human resource flexibility from 2011 to 2021, during which 38 cases were included in the meta-analysis using a non-random sampling method. The selected studies were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software.

According to the findings of the research, two types of factors are effective in creating the flexibility of human resources: organizational and individual factors, and among the antecedents of human resource flexibility, leadership style variables, meaningful approach training, and commitment-oriented human resource management measures have the greatest effect size respectively, and among the outcomes of human resource flexibility, human resource development variables, employee well-being, and organizational ambidexterity have the largest effect size.

Based on the results of this research, a suitable framework of antecedents and approaches to the flexibility of human resources has been presented. Identifying and creating the flexibility of human resources, as the ability to respond appropriately to environmental changes, are effective in gaining competitive advantage and organizational success. Flexible human resources are realized through the tools available to managers, such as leadership style, training, and commitment-oriented actions, and it entails creative, innovative, perfectionist, and flexible employees.

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of human life and changed many systems and practices of the past. Since the beginning of the pandemic, technology is among the fields that have received serious public attention. It's expected that technology has a significant impact on overcoming the Covid-19 crisis and resolving the challenges posed by it. However, the effects of Covid-19 on technology and technological innovation systems have received less attention. Using the futures wheel method, this research identifies and visualizes the direct and indirect consequences of Covid-19 on technology. The input of the focus group discussions for the design of the futures wheel is derived from the qualitative content analysis of existing studies and reports on the effects of Covid-19 on technology. After the first version was designed by the focus group, the results were presented to fifteen experts with different specialties to modify the wheel in addition to confirm the validity of the research. Comments were reached consensus in two rounds of interviews and the final version of the wheel was drawn. The research findings represent the pattern of Covid-19 effects on technology under four main consequences: recession and economic problems; the need for fast, efficient, and effective solutions to deal with the crisis; lockdown policies; and the environmental impact of Covid-19. The most important policy proposals to deal with the identified consequences are: supporting the development of crisis-related technologies; supporting the continuation of companies' activities; supporting innovation competitions; removing obstacles to the export of technological products; Expediting patenting and licensing processes; Applying demand-side innovation policy tools; Investigating the risks of emerging technologies; regulation of emerging technologies; Designing a dynamic business atlas; and removing restrictions on access to materials and equipment needed for research and development

Identifying the values and beliefs of spouses about married life and interpersonal relationships plays an important role in revealing the backgrounds of the instability of married life. The aim  of this study was to analyze the facilitators of marital instability and its consequences in Ilam city. This qualitative research was carried out in the framework of grounded theory and in order to identify and understand the causal processes of the formation of marital instability from the point of view of experts (including university experts, dispute resolution council experts and family court judges) in Ilam city. has taken. In this study, 20 participants were selected by theoretical and purposive sampling methods. The desired data were collected and analyzed based on in-depth interviews. The emerging model includes three dimensions of conditions, actions-interactions, and consequences. The "Conditions" dimension includes superficial knowledge, moral and behavioral deviation, the coercive approach of couples, weak problem-solving skills, and spouses' disharmony" dimension of "action-interactions" includes the role of silence and tolerance, feelings of inferiority and confrontation, violence and revenge and tendency to Divorce, the "consequences" dimension, includes intensification of feelings of inferiority and frustration, transformation and inefficiency of family values, identity crisis, and moral insecurity. Therefore, it has been proposed to establish and strengthen cultural centers, improve patterns of marital skills, and strengthen the monitoring and treatment of counseling centers to reduce marital instability.

This study aims to investigate outcomes of Bakhtiari Nomads habitation and implications for livestock development in habitation centers at ShahidGholippur at Shooshtar city. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households resident in ShahidGholipour city at Shooshtar pre-province with 350 households which 300 families were settled in the focus of development in the years of 1998-1999 and 50 families of nomadic tribes of mentioned tribe who were settled in the vicinity of development center of ShahidGholipour and migrated to countryside areas of Masjid Soleiman and Kouhrang in the summer. 108 heads of households as an inhabited member were measured as sample size using Cochran formula and 50 heads of households of the families uninhabited surveyed as census. The main research instrument was questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and research reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts (0.78). Obtained results show that four factors almost explain 57.40% of the variance related to implications for livestock development in the region. These factors include access to productive services, reducing the risk of manufacturing, marketing and access to productive inputs. Study of implications of nomad accommodation shows that five outcomes explain almost 53.13% of the variance related to factors. These factors include cultural effects, production effects, social problems, leadership and employment.