جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گردشگری جنگ » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Tourist guides play a key role in the satisfaction of tourists in the destinations. The present research has investigated the satisfaction of tourists with the performance of the Isfahan tour guides of Rahian-e Noor. In order to achieve the above goal, a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) was used. In the first stage, an online questionnaire including Likert scale questions and a number of open-ended questions which components were extracted based on the literature review was designed and distributed to tourists who participated in Rahian-e Noor tours. 384 samples were collected based on Morgan's table and the data were analyzed with the help of the one-sample t-test and thematic analysis. The results of the quantitative analysis of the data illustrated that the level of tourists' satisfaction with the performance of the guides was high and only in the support activities of the local community there are weakness and the satisfaction is low.Also, the results of data analysis using a qualitative method revealed that in the investigation of the component of managerial power, storytelling and narrative methods , time management, the importance of demographic characteristics of narrators, providing cultural programs in travel and providing services to all age groups should be considered. In addition, the results of the present study demonstrated that participation in Rahian-e Noor tours has increased the fighting skills and personal development of tourists.

Every year, millions of tourists travel to visit the remains of the war; In Iran that is known as rahiayan-e Noor. The spiritual effect of Rahian Noor can be continuous and obvious among the people of the society for many years. The family is known as the most important pillar of society and with the presence of families in Rahian Noor, they can benefit from the hidden treasure of Rahian Noor. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the willingness to travel to Rahian Noor areas by using personal vehicles. The current research is an applied research from the point of view of the goal. It is also considered a descriptive survey research and it has been conducted in the field of qualitative research in the form of an exploratory study. The data collection tool is semi-structured interview and the data analysis tool is thematic analysis method. The statistical population is the active experts in the field of Rayyan Noor. Sampling was done purposefully and up to theoretical saturation in 23 interviews. The findings of the research show that eight key themes, including macro and integrated management, Rahian Noor thinkers, facilities and equipment, rich and influential content, multimedia, security issues, comprehensive system of Rahian Noor and economic issues, are the main factors in expanding the presence of families in travel. Rahian Noor is considered, and with the activity in each of them, you can witness the increase in the presence of private cars in Rahian Noor.

 Black tourism, bitter tourism or war tourism, was a central topic of attention after the end of the Second World War, which was established by the countries in terms of culture and tourism industry and its infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to analyze the key drivers affecting the development of war tourism in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities.

 The current research is based on analytical and exploratory methods. In this regard, after holding discussions with 35 elites and war tourism experts in these two cities in two stages, 30 primary variables were identified as the statistical population of the research in the form of four general dimensions. In the following, the primary variables were defined in the framework of the matrix of cross-effects in the Mic Mac futurist software.

 ased on the results of the Mic Mac method, the key drivers are classified into four categories: strategic, influential, dependent and independent. Finally, according to the high score of direct and indirect influence, 15 main key and influential factors in the future development of tourism in the two cities of Abadan and Khuzestan were identified. Based on this, the variables of reducing migration, developing and expanding means of transportation, increasing environmental pollution, increasing industries and industrial activities, increasing opportunities and markets for selling agricultural products, improving the quality of roads and roads, increasing the amount of people's capital can be the most important influencing parameters in the tourism environment. He considered the war in Abadan and Khorramshahr region.

 The results of the research indicated the instability of the war tourism system, and economic drivers had the most influence and the least influence.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the satisfaction of those present in war tourism trips that visit the operational areas of the holy defense in the south of the country in the form of travels of the Path of Light in order to adjust the effective factors in accordance with these findings. On quality, he made sustainable decisions.

In the first phase of this study, interviews were used to identify factors affecting visitor satisfaction and factors affecting travel quality. The identified factors affecting visitor satisfaction have been validated using a questionnaire distribution and factor analysis, and finally, based on these criteria and using a performance expansion matrix, the factors affecting the quality of these trips have been ranked.

This study, while identifying a list of factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists and measures affecting the quality of travel, showed that as the most important factor affecting the satisfaction of tourists, they tend to have more access to entertainment and leisure in order to enjoy more. The involvement of most other institutions and organizations and the use of their subtleties was also identified as the most important qualitative factor influencing the research.

Originality/Value:

 The issue of quality management in tourism still needs more scientific attention. The use of quality science development method has been able to translate the call of visitors as war tourism customers to understandable concepts for the relevant organizations and help them make appropriate decisions and remain faithful to their decision.

One of the most essential approach for maintaining, promoting, and preventing any phenomenon is the continuous evaluation of that phenomenon and extracting existing problems and trying to solve them. Rahian Noor, as the most important soft technology for exploiting the great wealth of the Holy Defense, is no exception to this rule and needs to be evaluated and moved towards renewal every day. This research was done with the aim of evaluating and extracting the problem network of Rahian Noor collegian trip. So regarding to aim, this research is applicable and regarding to the type of data and how to analyze them,  this research is classified as mixed research. The statistical population of this research includes: the officials of Basij collegian camps in the provinces, the officials of the provincial and national institutions and camps related to the subject, and the officials of the convoys sent to the Rahian Noor collegian camps. A semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data and thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. The results of the research showed that factors such as attitude and general view of the Rahian Noor collegian camp, executive planning before the camp, the vehicle, the route are the main issues facing the collegian Rahian Noor trips in the functional field, and issues such as weakness in leadership And the support of Rahian Noor Collegian Path and the weakness of the content components of Rahian Noor Collegian Path can be mentioned as the basic issues facing these trips at the discourse level.

Vehicle routing is one of the most common problems in the practical world. When the demand of travel to a particular area increase over a short period of time This Problem becomes even more important. Integrated war tourism program in Iran (Rahian-e Noor) is a case of these problems which two millions of passenger attend in from 20th February to 2nd April. This value of passenger lead to challenge in Symbols in zone such as High traffic and improper distribution of them in zone. This research develop a linear model for solving this challenge. After Statement of the problem reviewed main assumptions and then a mathematical model is developed. This model has been solved by gams software in small scale and a metaheuristic algorithm suggested for large scale. Comparison between exact and approximate algorithm shows that metaheuristic generate a good answer in Acceptable time. Then problem solved in Real conditions by this algorithm.

War tourism in Iran, known as the Rahian-e Noor attracts several million visitors every year, during the year, especially on Nowruz holidays, from various memorials of the sacred defense operations on the western borders. The country visit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the conditions of attendance in high -profile memorials on these trips. In this study, using the discrete simulation approach, Arvandkar's monument was selected as the study of the study. After examining the location geometry, different behavioral patterns of visitors have been extracted from this memoir and their distribution functions. This pattern has been analyzed in Erna software (Arena). On the basis of the output, the proposed scenario has been evaluated and its impact on the traffic of visiting the memory is evaluated. The purpose of this scenario was to reduce the number of pilgrims who, for whatever reason, could not use the memorial programs for any reason, and based on the simulation results of the scenario to stabilize the quality of visits from the peak visits, it was suggested that the capacity of the Landiraphic section, the number of narrators. Increase the routes and the number of narrators of the exhibition area.

Today, Tourism as one of the most important economic-spatial opportunities, has a significant role in the development process. Many countries are seeking to benefit from world-class and regional tourism markets by striving to promote patterns and types of tourism. But in spite of the material benefits of tourism, one of its most important roles is the transfer of the indigenous and cultural values of a country or community. One of the most important types of tourism is war tourism. Due to the history of eight years of sacred defense, Iran has high potential in this field. Every year, countless caravans of visitors with various motivating are visiting the areas of Rahiyan Noor. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying an analysis of the factors affecting the motivation of pilgrims of the Rahian Noor camps with the aim of planning for the development of the population of pilgrims. In this regard, the factors were first identified through literature reviews and then through interviews with experts. These factors included 39 items that were categorized in 5 sections. The collected data were analyzed using modeling based on structural equations and the effect of each of the identified factors on the subject was examined and confirmed. Finally, based on the results of the research, suggestions were made to strengthen the motivation to be present in these areas and increase the demand for it, which attention to them by the responsible organizations can increase the volume of demand to visit these areas

Pilgrimage journeys to the battlefields of Iraq’s Imposed war on Iran (1980-1988), named as “Rahiyane Noor” (Wayfarers of light) have served for two decades as an important cultural strategy for promoting and disseminating the values of the Holy Defense. This paper aims at surveying the inter-subjective meanings of the people of host communities in destination areas regarding the war-tourist and overall elements of Rahiyane Noor as a cultural policy. This research utilizes an ethnographical qualitative method and undertakes an abductive strategy. The study uses both purposeful and snowball sampling and its sample zone includes cities of Ahwaaz, Abadan, Sousangerd, Howaiza, Hamidiye, and Bostan. Finally, and after two stages of codifying the data, in explanation of the inter-subjective meanings of communities hosting Rahiyane Noor, three organizing dichotomies of continuum had greater appearance, including imposed War-Holy Defense, administrative-popular, and pilgrim-tourist. There were also three frequencies which had greater appearance including war, administrationism, and tourist. We also discovered an opposite dichotomy of marginalized Arab-Central Fars, though positive evaluation of constructive intercultural communication based on mutual respect and considering cultural sensitivities of host communities from their side weaken this theme.

One of the important goals of countries in the successful management of internal affairs and foreign interactions is to have a level of national power. Because of the importance of soft power in increasing national power, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of war tourism in strengthening Iran's soft power. Despite the importance of peace and security and the existence of international organization for defender of peace, today the world is forced of destructive phenomenon of war and its various effects. On the other hand, the desire to tourism and enjoy its various natural and human phenomena has increased, Therefore, visiting the war zones and the monuments created in it and familiarizing the citizens with this event and its achievements, such as sacrifices, remnants and bittersweet memories and experiences, inthe form of "war tourism and visiting Memories of Defense", inaddition to positive economic effects, it can create an attractive and acceptable image in the domestic and international arena and while identifying individuals in society, pave the way for increasing National power. This research, which has been done with descriptive-analytical approach and using different documents, shows: Political components, individual-belief components and socio-cultural components are among the motivational characteristics of tourists that can be used in "war tourism" and the correct use of its economic, cultural and social achievements, can acquaint the thoughts, beliefs and behavior of the young generation other countries with the peaceful, anti-oppressive and prosperous ideals of the Islamic Revolution and increase Iran's soft power.

Rahian Noor, the greatest cultural flow in Iran, contains one of the most popular cultural arenas in the country with positive effects on public culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and one of the most effective ways to counter the soft war of the enemy, and application of the rich wealth and strong source of the Holy Defense. Introducing tourism, spiritual tourism, black tourism, war tourism and Rahian Noor, this study deals with the role of various biographical, spiritual, religious, professional, and managerial characteristics of commanders and martyrs in scoring the great figure of the revolution and training of heroes and honorable people like Sardar Ghasem Soleimani and the way they stood up against domestic tyranny, colonialism and foreign exploitation before and after the revolution, creation of a great movement. During the eight years of holy defense, they developed the spirit of resistance, Jihad and martyrdom in the spirit of society, from the center of the country to the most remote villages. This loyal, brave, intelligent and fine young general illustrated the revolution as a good movement after forty years, and went on the path of perfection, and finally received the honor of establishing a school named after him by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. After his martyrdom, his holy shrine become a new destination of the Rahian Noor.

The imposed war, with all the devastation and hardships it brought to the people of the border areas of Iran, also left a sense of pride and honor for our country. Now people from all over the country and abroad to see these areas and monuments. Remnants of the war travel and this has led to a boom in war tourism in these areas.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of conducting research. The main tool for data collection in this study is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study consists of tourists who went to visit the War Museum in Khoramshahr. Due to the fact that the exact volume of the population was not available to the researchers, based on the principle of data saturation and receiving multiple opinions of sample members, 240 people were selected as sample members based on the researchers' opinions. The sampling method is simple random with no alternative. After distributing and collecting the research questionnaires, the research hypotheses were examined using Spss software and independent one-sample t-test. The findings of the study indicated that war tourism incentives have a positive and significant relationship with increasing tourist visits and it is suggested that the government in the field of international relations, and the Khoramshahr War Museum in the field of advertising and media redouble their efforts to attract Have a tourist.

Rahian Noor is one of the largest cultural movements in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which managed to have seven million pilgrims in 2018. Although attendance at the memorials of the Holy Defense leaves a marvelous effect on the pilgrims, the realization of a conscious pilgrimage depends on the way the narrators of the Holy Defense present it. An initial estimation indicates that at least 20,000 narrators of the Holy Defense are required, but their recruiting, training, educating, employing, organizing, supervising, and continuous communicating among them on a large scale for such a large population is a very difficult and complex task. The first step in managing this number of narrators is the instruction of effective narration of the Holy Defense. Therefore, this study, focusing on the subject of the Holy Defense narration training, and employing the strategic choice approach (SCA), narrative training smartening strategies were identified and prioritized. The results indicated that the strategic priority involves "organizing and training young informal and untrained narrators through virtual (electronic) training by making use of the capacity of high-ranking commanders of the Holy Defense through developing narrators' smart networks."

Today, tourism by its diverse branches is known as one of the most popular industries in the world. Among the various branches, war tourism has found many fans and many people are receive it. Owners, war tourism travel to war zones, monuments And they know the effects of war, that in order to gain new experiences, the social-cultural-spiritual needs are met. War tourism, in addition to playing a key role in intercultural exchanges, can link cultures and the present with the past.In addition, we should notice that Qom province, due to its historical and cultural background, has a high potential to attract this group of tourists and their satisfaction can be better known to the expectations and perceptions of tourists, better planning to In order to attract the satisfaction of tourists and important factors in attracting satisfaction, this study examines the satisfaction of tourists with the revolutionary and war narrative tours based on the four components of program implementation schedule, destination attractions, tour awareness and the effectiveness of narrative knowledge. And tourists' insights are paid. The analysis of the research findings has been done by SPSS and excel software and the results indicate that the win scenario is valid in the four components studied with different levels of satisfaction. It has been a destination and an awareness.

One of the new products, destinations and types of tourism that can be well utilized for the socio-economic reconstruction of the border areas, is war tourism. Almost after World War II, the war tourism idea which had no objectives except reviving the war zones and improving the economic conditions in these areas attractedthe attentions. War tourism is a type of black tourism, which is considered to be the most visited type of black tourism. Despite the public fear of death, the interest of tourists to visit the places which have experienced natural and human disasters is on the rise. The main issue addressed in this research is that, up until now, tourism activities related to the war have failed to gain a considerable place in economic and social sustainabilityin the city of Marivan considering its potentials in this city. The main objective of the present research is to identify and analyze the status of tourism in the region with a systematic approach, because tourism as a system composed of various elements can only play its role in the realization of developing war-torn areas, once all elements of the system in terms of quantity and quality are placed together in a coordinated set in such a way that includesall the players of the extensive scene of tourismso that the obstacles and problems of war tourism development in the city are detected in the first place and then, the practical solutions for the development of this type of tourism to create the bases for economic and social reconstruction of the war-torn region of Marivan are suggested.

Methods and Materials: The present applied research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method.Documentary resources were used to collect information in the theoretical part;and in the field part, a survey method based on interviews and questionnaires was used. The statistical population of this exploratory research includes two groups, officials, specialists, local experts in the field of development and tourism of the city, as well as those people who have travelled to the areasand war memorials of Marivan city in the form of Rahian-e-Nour camp.

Discussion and Findings: Analysis of interviews with tourists, informed people and experts in the field of tourism and development authorities of the cityidentified 43 indicators in 9 components (categories) and in two main dimensions of supply and demand. Meanwhile, 3 components of motivation and low willingness to visit the region, the lack of familiarity with the area and its attractions, and theexpensesof travelling to the region are related to the demand dimension, and 6 components of the lack of facilities, welfare and accommodation services,inappropriate quality of information, education and advertising, poor transportation structures, inappropriate quality of tourist attractions, the lack of attention, supervision and desirable performance of public institutions, and poor local participation are related to supply dimension of the region’s tourism. In the next step, the results of the factor analysis testwere used to confirm the extractedresults from the research findings, summarizationand determination of the factors (obstacles and problems) affecting the development of war tourism in the region. The results showed that the formed factors are capable of explaining 66 percent of the changes and shaping the present situation. Five main factors were formed. The highest factor load was related to the shortage of service, accommodation and welfare facilities, and the expenses of the trip; and the lowest was related to the motivation factor and low tendency to visit the region as well as the weakness of transportation structures. The results of the course analysis test showed that the undesirable conditions of the supply dimension had the greatest impact on the development of war tourism in the region. This dimension also affects the status of the demand dimension indirectly. The type of relationship and effectiveness were also calculated positive and direct so that it can be said that the more desirable the status of the components of the tourism supply dimensions of the region,the more will improve the status of demand dimension and its indicators which means that, by improvement of the conditions of supply dimension, more demands will be created for visiting the region and the war tourism will revive in the region. Given the fact that the quality of demand is subject to the conditions of supply dimension, undoubtedly the undesirable conditions of war tourism of the Marivan city, have a significant role in the formation of the weakness in this demand dimension. Therefore, it is necessary to organize and improve the conditions of the war tourism supply dimension of the city at first, in order to increase the resultant of the issue and continue the demand for visiting the attractions of war. In the meantime,the role of responsible governmentalagencieswhich requires a great deal of coordination and efficiency with regard to the multidimensionality of tourismwill be very significant.

Expansion and durability of different types of tourism, including war tourism as a new Kind of diverse tourism industry, depends on meeting the needs and motivations of tourists that with creating demand attract them to their destination. In order to achieve this, primarily it is need the feasibility studies for identifying the motives in tourist destinations done, after achieving this, tried to meet them. The importance of such measures, especially in tourism war, is crucial. This Applied research is also a mix of both qualitative and quantitative methods that In order to achieve this objective, descriptive - analytic method used. In the qualitative section by using semi-structured qualitative interviews with tourists to identify their motives and then the interviews with the fundamental theory technique analyzed. In the quantitative section, a random sampling of 400 tourists selected by distributing a questionnaire with the method of Cochran from among about 360 thousand visitors to the tourism destinations of Kurdistan. Consequently, Data collected and tested. The analysis of data from questionnaires by utilizing structural modeling software LISREL showed that the most important motivations of tourists in 41 conceptions and 10 categories including Motivation, learning, publishing and reminding, attractions, curiosity, nostalgia and celebration, nationalist self-actualization ideology and religious belief, relaxation and fun. Finally, two central issues and the main aspect of tensile and compressive motivations, which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations. which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations.which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations.

In recent tourism studies, motivation is accepted as a crucial variable that explains tourism behavior and is used to understand decision-making and destination selecting. Studies show that many tourists travel to war-related areas, and war memorials are important attractions in these destinations. In Iran, war tourism and war-related sites (e.g. sites of the 8-year-old war) provided real good demands. The purpose of this study was to assess the motivations for travel to war-related tourism destinations. The war museum in Khorramshahr was selected as the case study. This research employed quantitative research methods with 270 valid questionnaires obtained for data analysis. Based on 18 criteria, the motivational factors were classified into four categories: publicity; interest in the acquisition of knowledge and recognition; facilities; and internal factors. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that three of the categories, excluding the internal factors, influenced on creating the visitors’ motivation but the most important factor was about interest in acquiring knowledge and recognition (R2=0.645).

The present study aims at introducing the monuments of sacred defense as a system and recognizing its elements. Doing so, it exploits a semi-structured interview with the related experts of Nur Caravan and Thematic Analysis. The outcome of the study suggests that monument resembles an open system which accepts inputs in interaction with the surrounding environment and to reach the desired outputs, it organizes some processes. The monument system includes 91 elements which are classified in 18 issues and divided in 6 main dimensions as: resources (finance, human, capital, knowledge and moral), inputs (accepting and role creating), processes (culture and service), outputs (within and out of system), monument management (provision of resources, resource mobilization, planning and organizing, leadership and control), and environmental factors (local, national and international).