جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « action research » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

With the paradigmatic changes in accounting knowledge in the last century and the acceptance of social structuralism approaches in this field, today's nature of accounting is moving from the mere quantitative reference of financial reports to the qualitative aspects of information disclosure. Narrative accounting is considered a strategic approach in the new paradigms of accounting knowledge, which aims to strengthen the functions of comprehensive financial information disclosure functions for stakeholders. Narrative accounting is considered one of the most emanating paradigm changes in accounting knowledge, which was a reaction to the vacuum caused by the positivist approach in classical accounting with the perceptual realities of external decision makers. Therefore, since the accounting philosophy based on the classical and objectivist approach was only looking for quantitative reporting, the narrative process in this field to link theory and practice emerged to provide a more attention-worthy answer to the expectations arising from social contexts. In other words, narrative accounting creates a more interactive environment for accounting with stakeholders and can greatly reduce the conflict of interest between companies and stakeholders. Narrative accounting can be considered a level of representation of interactive knowledge and accounting relations with stakeholders, which have arisen by changing the accounting paradigm from classic to modern approaches in this profession and seeking to create value for stakeholders. This research examines narrative accounting based on action research for cognitive classification in capital market companies. The noteworthy point is that although the scope of the function of the narrative process in the knowledge of humanities, especially in culture and management, is considered a tool to objectify the realities. Still, the lack of application of this concept in accounting has caused this knowledge to change even with the change in social expectations and conditions. , cannot become a structure of mutual language between the company and external stakeholders and have positive consequences for balancing the market regarding information symmetry.

This methodological process is called action research, which seeks to cognitively categorize it for implementation by connecting the qualitative aspects of identifying propositions related to the phenomenon under investigation. In this method, also called the type of analytical pragmatism, researchers conduct interviews and open coding to identify propositions so that different aspects of narrative accounting can be phenomenologically studied in this section. In the quantitative part, as a cognitive classification process, the research, by forming a focus group, contextualizes and separates the identified propositions and determines in which category each of the propositions can be placed in the category related to the phenomenon of narrative accounting. Therefore, to follow the path of analysis in this research, it is necessary to create scored questionnaires to determine in which category the experience and knowledge of the focal group place each proposition through the wiremax technique. The formation of the focus group meetings takes place during three stages of conceptualization, exchange, and content recognition so that it is possible to assign the points of each participant to the propositions for the classification of the concept of narrative accounting. Therefore, this study is considered developmental in terms of results and exploratory in terms of purpose, based on the nature of conducting interviews to identify emerging propositions of narrative accounting. In terms of the mixed nature of data collection, as mentioned, this study is considered a mixed study, so in the qualitative part, to conceptualize the phenomenon under investigation, data is collected from interviews with experts, and in the quantitative part, through Q questionnaire score data and analysis. Wiremax determines which category the propositions are classified into.

To achieve validity, similar research was matched to provide the possibility of entering the statements identified in the Q analysis model for the cognitive classification of this phenomenon in the context of capital market companies. In the following, by forming a focus group to determine the cognitive categories of the examined concept during four sessions and by creating a Q evaluation checklist from +5 to -5 in 28 houses according to the identified propositions, the necessary action was taken, and they were asked to understand the problem to place each proposition in one of the 28 houses of Q's evaluation checklist. Then, through the Wiremax matrix, cognitive classes were determined regarding the separation of narrative accounting propositions, and the results indicated the existence of 4 cognitive classes regarding the foundation of narrative accounting at the level of capital market companies.

Based on 4 levels in the foundation of narrative accounting as an action research process at the level of capital market companies, it is possible to get a more comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. Therefore, based on these 4 categories, the categories assigned to each statement will be expanded. The first category as a research measure for the implementation of narrative accounting in the context of capital market companies is the orientation of the reporting language in the narrative of transparent information to the stakeholders to improve the level of cognitive awareness and judgment of investors and other users of external information. In this category, the accounting unit focuses on announcing a set of reports that are optional for investors, trying to use the capacities of a negative tone to advance their financial strategies in the capital market.

The results showed that narrative accounting, as an emerging part of accounting knowledge, can bring strategic capacities and competitive capabilities of companies in gaining the trust of stakeholders for companies.

Shadow accounting, as a parallel process with classical accounting procedures, is trying to reflect a higher level of discretionary functions of companies to give a new identity to social values. Therefore, this emerging function in accounting is a kind of normative compliance of the expected values of the stakeholders in receiving broader aspects of the performance information of the companies.

The purpose of this research is an action research of shadow accounting to functional typology of compliance with capital market companies' social values. In terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. Therefore, based on this model, first, through interviews with experts and open coding, an effort was made to identify n Effective drivers for the implementation of shadow accounting in capital market companies. Then, through the Q evaluation checklist, each statement was scored between +5 and -5, and finally, a 4-level matrix was created to create a foundation of effective drivers in the implementation of shadow accounting.

The results in the qualitative section, based on 12 interviews conducted, indicated the existence of 289 open codes, based on which 26 areas related to the implementation of shadow accounting were identified. On the other hand, it was determined in the quantitative section, that the 26 identified criteria were separated into 4 categories creating the shadow accounting typology framework of capital market companies.

The results show that the functional development of shadow accounting in the context of capital market companies creates the opportunity for companies to gain higher trust by more widely disclosing the company's functional processes in terms of respecting the rights of shareholders; environmental rights; Judicial rights and human resources rights get information from users.

The purpose of this study is Evaluating the reduction of the government's financial burden through the typology of drivers affecting generational accounting in the capital market by action research. In terms of methodology, this study has used Colaizzi's model (1978) to implement action research steps. Therefore, based on this model, first, through interviews with experts and open coding, an effort was made to identify n Effective drivers on the implementation of generational accounting in capital market companies. Then, in order to validate the propositions, a critical evaluation was done to compare the propositions with similar researches, so that the propositions can enter the stage of forming a focus group to discuss and exchange opinions for the cognitive separation of each proposition in the form of a category. Then, through Q evaluation checklist, each statement was scored between +4 and -4, and finally, a 4-level matrix was created with the aim of creating a foundation of effective drivers in the implementation of generational accounting with the aim of reducing the government's financial burden on future generations. The results showed that a total of 22 propositions were identified from a total of 12 interviews and 217 open codes created. On the other hand, it was determined in the quantitative section, 22 criteria identified in 4 categories were the creators of the generational accounting typology framework of capital market companies.

The role of intermediary institutions and consisting of experts in the field of urban planning in order to inform citizens and fill the gap between them and urban management, in order to achieve partnership seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of experts in urban affairs in citizen participation to improve the urban environment in the neighborhood. Thus, in a process of action research, the four-story People's Foundation was selected as a specialized urban planning center and the role of this institution in participation and awareness-raising to residents for two months continuously during the quality improvement project to neighborhoods in connection with welcoming the spring of 1397 in The two neighborhoods of Iqbal and Emamiyeh in Mashhad were surveyed based on Levin's action research model. The statistical population is the residents of the desired neighborhoods and the sample size in each neighborhood is more than 10% of its population. In different stages, observation methods, in-depth interviews, collection of comments on the banner, questionnaires and public hearings were used to collect data. The results of this research project, which is based on interpretive analysis, show that, on the one hand, the presence of semen can partially solve the gap in the partnership and help improve the relationship between urban management and citizens, but on the other hand there are obstacles in this direction. Which is mainly related to the weakness of legal mechanisms. Also, the presence of these intermediary institutions should be considered in the definition of partnership-based projects and the necessary grounds for the continuation of partnership and the continuation of talks with the people should be provided.

The purpose of this research is to increase the encouragement of the sixth grade primary school students in terms of mathematics and its activities.  The present study was conducted in the academic year of 2021-2022 in the sixth grade with a frequency of 35 students.  The problem is the lack of interest, the inattention, and the passivity of most of the students mentioned in the course of the activities of the mathematical lessons as well as not satisfactory results of their performance tests. Accordingly, the researcher using the method to obtain the necessary data, scientific materials are available from various sources of research, such as colleagues and administrators, mathematics head teachers, students and their parents, books, journals, internet, analyzing the scores and assessing the results of the tests were analyzed to identify the effective factors in creating the problem and to find the proposed solutions.  Then, several practical solutions among suggested ones were selected.  In the end, it was concluded that the use of various teaching methods, tailored to the purpose of each lesson, provides functional activities to students, taking into account their individual differences, their needs and interests, as well as appropriate incentives.  Enhancing the visual and auditory memory and raising the attention of the learners in the form of targeted games have been very effective in increasing their interest in mathematics and performing their work activities

The goal of this research is investigate teacher as a scholar and its role in reducing the gap in educational theory and practice . The present research method is analytical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Documents analyzed included views of experts, books, background studies and related research in the field. Findings of the research showed; teacher as action researcher is faced with shortcomings in reducing the gap in educational theory and practice and requires modification and reconstruction by a scholarship approach through its strengths and abilities. Teacher as a scholar due to have features such as interpersonal nature, the existence of four arenas of exploration, integration, application, teaching and learning, the ability to provide results to others, to be in the praxis paradigm, to follow the common academic model in research and to have certain stages in conducting scholarship can, while resolving the teacher's weaknesses as an action researcher, it also reduces the gap between educational theory and practice. the view of the teacher as a scholar, while removing the gap between the education system and higher education and creating a bridge between them, has put the application of the knowledge generated in practice into action

One of the important and fundamental prerequisites for learning is academic motivation, which has an obvious effect on learning. If the students are highly motivated towards studying, it makes them pay attention to the teacher's teaching and explanations, do their homework seriously, and seek more information about the subjects. One of the ways to increase academic motivation in students is the use of humor-based education, which, in addition to fostering critical, analytical and divergent thinking, attracts the attention of students in the classroom, reduces stress, builds a friendly relationship between the teacher and students, and Finally, to increase the durability of the learned material in the student. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the effect of humor-based education on students' academic motivation in the fourth grade social studies course. The current research method is participatory action research in the three dimensions of diagnosis, implementation and evaluation, after which strategies were shown that can be used to increase students' academic motivation by using humor-based education. The use of stories, jokes, etc. related to the lesson content, the use of humorous students' abilities to express humorous content related to the lesson content, and the use of visual humor can be considered as effective examples of the use of humor in education. It is suggested that in Farhangian University units for the necessary training to use this tool be provided to student teachers so that they can use this effective tool in primary education correctly.

The present study was conducted to solve the problem of one of the second grade students of Shahid Motahari primary school in Amlash city in the academic year 1399-1400. In this study, the non-submission of audio assignments by the student on the Shad educational network is investigated and its purpose is to investigate and explain the causes of the student's problem and to take action to solve it. The research method is qualitative and action research type. Data was collected through observation of student performance in a Shad virtual classroom and video interviews in virtual networks with parents and searches in scientific databases. As a result of data collection, the causes of the student's problem were identified to be the coronavirus pandemic, virtual education, and parental occupation were identified. To solve the problem, a podcast was used to motivate the student to send homework. The results showed that the use of podcasts made with the student's voice has a positive effect on creating interest in the student's audio assignments on the Shad educational network.

Professional teachers should do research to improve their educational activities. The Teacher Researcher Program, which is currently being implemented in our education system, is an attempt to develop research and action research in education. The aim of this study was to identify the obstacles and problems of implementation of the Teacher Researcher Program from the viewpoint of teacher researchers and school principals in Ilam city. An Exploratory mixed-method was used for research. The data were collected in the qualitative section through interviews and in the quantitative section through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were calculated by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.87) and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 educational experts. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative section, open and selective coding methods were used; in the quantitative part, descriptive and inferential methods (t-test) were used. Participants of this research in the qualitative section included 13 researcher teachers and 2 research experts at the Department of Education. In the quantitative part, due to the small number of the community, all 109 teachers and 100 principals were included in the research. Based on quantitative and qualitative results, the Teacher Researcher Program faces some obstacles and problems in various dimensions, such as in-service training and justification classes, resources and facilities, planning, motivation, attitude, knowledge and research skills, information, evaluation, family-student. Applied suggestions are provided.

One of the most important challenges of the Corona epidemic was the academic decline of students due to the sudden change in the teaching method. The current research was conducted in the academic year of 2019-2020 in Shahid Motahari Primary School, Amlash city. The purpose of the research is to use the pre-organizing teaching method to improve the academic performance of fourth-grade students in mathematics. The method of the research is action research in that the researcher has used a questionnaire, interview, observation and student activity in the SHAD class to collect primary information. After analyzing the primary information, the Advance-organizing teaching method was used to solve the problem. The student was trained in 7 sessions. To collect secondary data after the implementation of the plan, interviews, teacher-made tests, oral questions, and educational progress sheets based on lesson objectives were used. The findings showed that the student successfully passed the test and the oral question and achieved the goals of the sample sheets of academic progress. The results of the research indicate the effectiveness of using the Advance-organizing teaching method in teaching mathematics.

Iran Khodro Industrial Group is the largest car manufacturer in the Middle East and customer satisfaction is of great importance for this group; for this purpose, this group seeks to plan and establish an approach to improve the experience of its customers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to implement the approach of co-creation with the customer in Iran Khodro Industrial Group to improve the customer experience. In this practical research with a qualitative approach, the method of reviewing library and archival documents, observation and interview has been used in order to collect information. Also, the main research strategy is action research, which has been repeated twice with the aim of consolidating the learning from research. The statistical population of the research is experts and managers related to the customer field in Iran Khodro Industrial Group, and judgmental sampling method has been considered for sampling. Regarding the findings of the research, it can be said; Designing and establishing a value cocreation approach encourages customers to provide timely and effective feedback to suppliers' actions, so that by promoting organizational agility, accelerating the identification and timely response to problems and related issues, the overall performance Improve the company. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of the joint creation approach with customers will be effective in improving the customer experience.

Education is the most important tool to achieve balanced and sustainable development and scientific and technological progress. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without the development of education and both without the institutionalization of research. Paying attention to research and the value of the culture of research and its development and questioning is a basic motto in education.
 
The present research was conducted using a mixed exploratory method of sequential type. The statistical population of the research was all primary school teachers in the four educational districts of Shiraz in the academic year of 2019, numbering 6022 people. In the qualitative part, the sample was selected by purposive sampling, and in the quantitative part, 361 people were selected by simple random sampling. Research tools were used in the qualitative part, open interviews with the participants, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used based on the findings of the qualitative part. The content validity of the scale used in the quantitative section was calculated using the expert and corrective opinions of professors and experts, as well as using confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. Qualitative part data analysis was done by thematic analysis method and quantitative part data analysis from sample t-tech test and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was done by SPSS version 26 and Lisrel software. In order to test the factor structure of the general model and its fit, confirmatory factor analysis was used.
 
The findings of the qualitative section showed that 5 criteria (Individual, organizational, extra-organizational, programmatic and informational)  with 15 indicators were used to determine the organizational research culture development model of primary school teachers. After triangulating the findings with previous research and experts' opinions, the initial conceptual model was obtained. The findings showed that organizational, programmatic and informational factors affecting the development of research culture among primary school teachers in Shiraz, in terms of importance the vision of teachers were above average and below optimal. Also, the highest average belonged to informational factors (3.68). The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis test showed a good fit of the model.
 
Based on the obtained information, the research culture development model was designed and fitted. This model can reduce learning-centered and memory-centered learning and help improve learners' deep learning.

Enhancing independent learning in the chemistry classroom among adult dropout students: a classroom action researchThis action research examines a classroom strategy and intervention to promote independence in learning for adult students who are left behind in education . It also examines the problems of independence in learning through the use of educational tools and continuous follow - up by teachers who seek to transfer too much information . This action research consists of three stages: The first stage includes recognizing the needs of students, identifying goals and designing necessary resources and tools . The second stage includes the use of resources and the application of strategies, and the third stage includes the evaluation and analysis of results to determine future actions . The results indicate that teachers can create a facilitating classroom environment and support independent, self - directed and independent students by placing structures to guide students in their lessons .

Experimental science is one of the basic subjects and part of the eleven learning areas in the national curriculum, and due to the presentation of the contents of this book in a multidisciplinary manner, it can play a great role in motivating and learning students. In the rural schools, the purpose of this research, due to various reasons such as the lack of suitable facilities, there were weaknesses that affected the students' lack of activity in experimental science lessons. According to these cases, in this research, an attempt was made to design software: educational content of experimental sciences (789). 7th, 8th and 9th) by the action of the researcher (experimental science director) and creative methods in this direction, as much as possible and the existing conditions of the schools, the students will be more active in the experimental science class and a lively and lively class will be created. And the results showed that the implemented strategies in activating the students in the experimental science class Each grade and creating an attractive class has had a positive and increasing effect.

The starting point of this action research was encountering students who had serious problems in reading the text correctly and fluently, despite having relatively good abilities in other areas of learning. In this way, the research questions included: how can we help to improve students' reading literacy, and their ability to read correctly and fluently? This action research was carried out in the academic year of 1400-1401 in the first grade of secondary school in "Shohadāye Moalem" school in the 9th district of Tehran, with the frequency of 97 students in primary evaluations and 89 students in secondary evaluations. To validate the research, techniques of "long contact with the research environ ment", "rick and thick desc ription", "peer debriefing" and "verification" have been used. Findings showed that, active learning methods in which the teacher provides learning condit ions have a great effect on improving reading literacy and strengthening the students' ability to read correctly and fluently. It should be noted that when considering the active teaching methods, the creativity of teachers in implementing the examples which they discover when communicating with students is very important.

Aiming to promote the creativity level of 9th grade Iranian high school pupils, the present study was conducted by using the great potential of the action research method. For this purpose, three independent and related measures were utilized to investigate the effectiveness of designed interventions and the variability of pupils' creativity. Torrance's creativity questionnaire was used to collect data from a girls state high school in Qazvin city.
Moreover, the analysis of weekly notes and observations indicated that students' creativity has been improved in the studied components. In general, the results strongly suggested that the action research method can be used to change and improve educational environments and especially to improve the performance of human agents.
TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving, is recognized as one of the most effective tools for envisioning engineering designs and solving difficult problems. The importance of triage has been confirmed in various fields where its applications induce excellent results (Sheu et al., 2020).
Work and technology courses have been included in the official education system of the country since 2013. According to the country's need for jobs and technological skills, education has adjusted the course of work and technology (Abolhasani and Safai Movahed, 2018). Cultivating creativity creates the confidence that the society can make better use of its human resources and talents in that society. Creative ideas are often found among the strange and unexpected emanations of our minds. The creative mind thinks differently and moves in inexperienced and unusual directions. As well as, a creative person can interpret to think from one dimension of the subject to other dimensions and, as a result, produce various and varied ideas. Technological training, work and skill training will lead to personal progress, increase in productivity, participation in social and economic life, reduction of poverty, increase in income and development. In today's era, with the increasing momentum of the job-seeking population, businesses will survive if their owners have enough creative ideas in producing and presenting their products to customers. According to this principle, fostering students' creativity will be effective in their future career success. Researchers have tried to improve the dimensions related to the problem by involving students and choosing to provide solutions and implementing them step by step in a 5-month process. For this purpose, the following questions were asked:To what extent is the creativity of students in interpersonal interactions and doing group work in ninth grade students?
What changes have students' creativity undergone after the interventions made by researchers?
In this regard, 31 pupils relevant and interested in the research were selected after constellation by school's executive officers. Then three main and effective solutions, taken on the basis of TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving, is recognized as one of the most effective tools for envisioning engineering designs and solving difficult problems, were considered to improve the level of creativity of pupils. The process of all three interventions in this action research is presented as independent but interrelated cycles. Each cycle includes 4 levels of planning, action, observation, and reflection. In the planning stage, an attempt was made to determine the field of study, and after the necessary coordination with the high school administration, the documents that helped to clarify the current situation were examined. In the following, an action research plan was formulated, and in this plan, three actions were taken.
Since action research requires the effective participation of relevant and interested people in the research, we tried to get the favorable opinion of the school's executive officers and students by stating the necessity of implementing this plan. For this purpose, a briefing session was held to provide the basis for the implementation of optimal measures at the level of each class.
In the following, the main aspect of the uncertain situation was selected for action research. Among the solutions that were proposed to improve the level of creativity of students, three main and effective solutions were considered. In the initial state, the pre-test was held. Then, according to the plan, 3 measures were taken according to the condition of the participants. After the end of the actions, the post-test was held. In this way, 2 sets of data were collected. Correlated t-test was used to analyze the data. This test is used to determine the difference between the dispersion of scores of correlated groups (Zare, Talebi and Saif, 2019, p. 132).
Initial introduction to motion graphics: The principles of Terez along with their examples were prepared by the researcher in the form of attractive motion graphics and were given to the students in the class to familiarize themselves with Terez in general.
Podcast of creative engineering stories: Creative engineering stories were prepared as a podcast, and a podcast was broadcast every session and the students were taught the basics.
Asking the students to do homework: After listening to the podcast, the students were careful in the surrounding environment and prepared examples for the principles. Then, for the next session, they would present the principles and examples they had found to their teacher in the form of flash cards that were also visually beautiful. Measurement in the initial state: by means of by Torrance's creativity intelligence questionnaire, a pre-test was performed in the initial state and in order to enter the data into the SPSS software, the questionnaires were saved. Measurement after successive actions: after the actions taken, the students completed Torrance's creativity questionnaire in the framework of the post-test. Questionnaire sheets of stage 2 were also collected and archived. Crediting Validation of the solution means carrying out an activity during which the researcher ensures the effectiveness of the solution he has chosen (Seif Elahi, 2017, p. 100). For this purpose, four validation methods were used in action research such as self-validation, validation by colleagues, academic validation and popular validation (Qasmi-Poya, 2011, pp. 122-123).
In the initial state, the pre-test was held. Then, according to the plan, three measures were administrated. After the end of the actions, the post-test was held. To analyze the data collected, a correlated t-test was used to determine the difference between dispersion of the scores of correlated groups. Because the calculated significance level of total creativity variables, flexibility, and expansion subscale is smaller than alpha 0.05, we may claim with a probability of 95% confidence that the level of total creativity and subscales of fluidity, flexibility, innovation, and expansion variable, there is a significant difference between trained and untrained pupils.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instructional design model based on the principles of flipped learning using a qualitative action research method. The initial model was formulated of data collected from semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in flipped learning. The initial model then evaluated, validated and modified based on data collected from interviews with seven number of those experts. In the next step, sixth grade science lesson plans designed based on this model and through focused group meetings with ten elementary school teachers familiar with flipped learning. The initial model modified according to teachers’’ feedbacks when designing lesson plans. The developed lesson plans were implemented during the school year to evaluate the model based on the researcher's observations and students' feedback. The insights obtained of this evaluation were also used to improve the model. The flipped learning design model developed from the present study describes the process of instructional design in three stages including analysis and needs assessment, design and development, implementation and evaluation. In the first stage, the learners' characteristics, curriculum documents, and situation / environment are analyzed in order to gain insights that are important to illuminate the next steps. The decisions about instructional objectives, organizing instructional materials and resources, and designing the environment are made by the next stage, design and development. The third stage is the implementation and evaluation stage which includes a set of activities that are done in three conditions including before the classroom (such as sharing instructional resources and materials, and the expectations from learners), during the classroom (such as assessment of assignments and tasks, and providing feedback) and after the classroom (such as introducing additional sources and materials and providing questions for reflection). The flipped instructional design developed from this research has the potential to applied by instructional designers and teachers as a practical guide.

This qualitative research is analytic-inferential. Its statistical population was 16 students from the first grade of elementary school of Biston sugar factory. The method of data collection is observation and interview. First, by writing a statement, analyzing the five situations (physical, emotional, educational, organizationaladministrative, virtual education), drawing a mental map, a lesson plan was prepared and implemented, which was approved by the research group and by conventional coding Analysis was done. A number of 172 open codes, 20 central codes and 5 selective codes were extracted from teaching criticism and reflections. Among the key codes obtained that can be effective in promoting the development of the teaching profession are the teacher's self-knowledge, the management of the educational environment, having a lesson plan, the teacher's moral characteristics, the teacher's behavior, the teacher's interest in education, the teacher's initial communication, planning and preparation, reviewing knowledge, involving students, teacher's content knowledge, teacher's verbal skills, questioning techniques, using educational facilities, using technology, establishing order in the classroom, time management, The final classification, assessment and evaluation and presentation of performance assignment indicated that the selective codes provided under the title of teacher's duties, teacher's emotional skill, teacher's communication skill, teaching skill and teacher's assessment and evaluation skill

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the state of action research methodology in the university. mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used. The statistical population of this research was all professors, students, teachers and new teachers of Farhangian University in the academic year 1401-1402, and the statistical sample included 300 people in the quantitative section and 20 professors in the qualitative section. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative part, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. ANOVA and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that the problems and obstacles of implementing action research in 3 main components including: problems related to the educational system, problems related to student teachers and new teachers and problems related to learners and in 10 sub-components. were divided Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative data analysis, it showed that three important factors are a) in-service training and skill enhancement courses, b) providing infrastructure and c) creating motivation and encouraging teamwork among the main solutions. In order to get out, they are considered as obstacles to the implementation of scholarly action and research teaching. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested that the practitioners of the education system, in order to effectively implement the research action, in addition to providing the infrastructure, conduct in-service courses with the presence of experienced professors from the country's top universities. Also, consider appropriate reinforcements for the performers of the research activity in the classrooms to create enough motivation for them to carry out this research activity.