attention deficit

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback-based treatments on the brain networks of primary school children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this research is a quasi-experimental study with a comparison group with random assignment, pre-test-post-test. The purpose of quasi-experimental research is to find possible causes of a behavior pattern. The pre-test and post-test design with control group is one of the experimental designs in which subjects are randomly selected and replaced in different groups using the same method. In this research, neurofeedback-based treatment is considered as an independent variable, and its effectiveness on the brain networks of primary school children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is considered as a dependent variable. The statistical population includes all primary school children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who refer to related centers in Shiraz city. The sample size is 160 people. The sampling method is targeted in such a way that 30 patients were selected from the relevant medical centers that had active treatment cases in the spring and summer season and amounted to 160 cases. The participants were identified and evaluated based on the Connors questionnaire (parent form) as well as clinical interviews with parents and children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The results obtained from the present study indicate that the neurofeedback intervention has shown the greatest effect in the temporal region on the right side in theta and alpha waves and the theta wave on the opposite side. In the results obtained from the Coherence Quantitative Assessment Scale, it showed the most changes in the Fp1/Fp2 area in delta, alpha and beta waves, as well as F3/F4 in delta, theta and alpha waves to a greater extent, and also in T3/T4 on the delta wave. Also, O1/O2 on theta wave, F7/F8 on beta wave, F7/T5 on alpha wave and C3/C4 were seen to a lesser extent.

The studies showed that neurofeedback along with cognitive tasks was able to reduce the symptoms of attention deficit disorder and hence it is an effective method to reduce the symptoms of this disorder. The results showed the effectiveness of neurofeedback in treating the symptoms of attention deficit disorder and this study found the effect size reported a significant effect for the treatment of attention deficit and impulsivity and a moderate effect size for the treatment of hyperactivity. In many other researches,

The current research was carried out with the aim of the effectiveness of Spark's perceptual-motor exercises on executive functions and paying attention to the understanding of preschoolers with the degree of brain development. The research method was semi-experimental with a comparison plan of pre-test, post-test and one month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the research included all 4-5 year old children with brain development in Tehran who had referred to Mehr neuropsychiatric clinic in 1402-1403. The sample size of the study was 24 people who were selected access sampling based on entry and exit criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. experimental group participated in the Spark perceptual-motor training program for 8 weeks (2 sessions of 45 minutes each week). But for the control group, no intervention was done during this period. The research data were collected using the pre-edited version of the Executive Function-Parent Behavior Rating Questionnaire (Gioia et al., 2003) and the Connors Behavioral Problems Form (1978). The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical test of analysis of variance with mean measure and Bonferroni's post hoc test with the help of SPSS-27 software. The results showed that Spark's perceptual-motor exercises had an effect on executive and functional functions for preschool children with brain development damage and these results remained stable over time (P < 0.05). Therefore, Spark perceptual-motor exercises can be used as a useful tool to improve executive functions and reduce attention in preschool children with brain development

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation along with Computerized Cognitive Training on Executive Functions and Academic Performanc of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In term of goal, the research method was practical and semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a sham group. The statistical population of the study was all students with SLD+ADHD in Esfahan. The sample of this research consisted of 24 students who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two sham group (14 participants) and an experimental group (14 participants). The students were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the Learning Disability Diagnostic questionnaire. The brief questionnaire and Farsi grades of the students of two semesters were also used in order to check the effectiveness of the treatment in the pre-test and post-test stages.The experimental group participated in 15 sessions of 20 minutes duration in the intervention program. The results indicate the significant effectiveness of the intervention of tDCS combined with cognitive computer training on improving the components of executive functions including response inhibition (p<0.01, F=12.23, Ƞ2=0.42), attention (p<0.01, F=27.18, Ƞ2=0.60), working memory (p<0.01, F=15.11, Ƞ2=0.46) and planning (p<0.01, F=38.70, Ƞ2=0.66). Also, the results of the non-parametric covariance analysis showed a significant improvement in the Farsi scores of the students in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.01, F=12.13). The results of this study showed that this intervention can have a significant positive effect on improving the performance students with Specific Learning Disorders comorbid with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of brain stimulation treatment methods and cognitive training can be a suitable option for the rehabilitation of students with Specific Learning Disorder comorbid with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy on the symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Executive Functions in university students with ADHD. The method was semi-experimental, involving a control group, a pre-test, a post-test, and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population encompasses all students at universities in Isfahan in 2021 who exhibit symptoms of ADHD. Randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, ten males and ten females were selected following the screening. The following research tools were employed: the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), Barkley deficit in Executive Functions Scale (BDEFS), Autistic Spectrum Quotient (ASQ), Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CCFIT), and Diagnostic Interview for ADHD (DIVA). The data were processed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results indicated that group cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced the symptoms of all ADHD subscales, with the exception of hyperactivity, and all executive functions subscales. The results of the Bonferroni test indicated the effectiveness of the treatment in the post-test phase for all subscales (except hyperactivity) and the follow-up phase except attention deficit and hyperactivity. It could be concluded that the dimensions of ADHD variable except for hyperactivity and executive functions variable in students with ADHD show significant improvement under the influence of cognitive behavioral therapy. This treatment procedure can be employed by therapists to enhance the health and capabilities of students who are affected.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the disorders that lead to many problems for children and teenagers. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy on the perception of social competence and academic enthusiasm in children with symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all boys aged 6 to 10 years from the counseling and psychological services center in Shiraz city in 2024, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and replaced in two equal groups of 15 people. The attachment-oriented play therapy program was applied in 8 sessions as a group and one session per week for the experimental group. Social competence questionnaire (Felner et al., 1990) and academic enthusiasm (Fredericks et al., 2004) were used to collect information. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics methods, statistical assumptions and multivariate covariance analysis with SPSS-26 statistical software.

The results showed that the attachment-oriented play therapy program increased the total score of social competence (F=119.602, P=0.000 and η=0.533) and the total score of academic enthusiasm (F=110.382, P=0.000 and η=0.512) had a significant effect (P<0.05).

According to the results, it is necessary to use play therapy in clinics and psychological service centers as an effective intervention method to reduce psychological, behavioral and academic problems of children and adolescents.

The aim of the current research was to study the effectiveness of the home-school collaboration training program on academic performance and behavioral disorder in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population included parents, teachers, and students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in schools in the 4th district of Tabriz in 2021, that 30 of them were selected by using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The academic performance questionnaire of Dortaj (2005) and Rutter̓s Children Behaviour Questionnaire for teachers(1964) were used to collect the data. The home-school collaboration program was trained in nine sessions for parents and teachers. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that there was a significant change in academic performance and behavioral disorder in the experimental group under the influence of a home-school collaboration training program(p<0/05). Due to the effectiveness of the home-school collaboration program training, the development and implementation of this program is recommended for other groups with disabilities, teachers and their parents.

Students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit significant difficulties in problem-solving skills, which have serious consequences for their academic and social functioning. Therefore, efforts have been made to enhance these skills, and the current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the problem-solving skills of students with ADHD.

This research employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures, including a control group. The population consisted of all fourth and fifth-grade male students with ADHD in Tehran. The participants were selected from those attending counseling centers ava rhaie And kasra using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 10-session emotional intelligence training program, while the control group received no intervention. All participants were assessed using the Heppner and Peterson Problem-Solving Questionnaire before and after the training.

Following the emotional intelligence training sessions, a significant improvement was observed in the problem-solving scores of students with ADHD.

The emotional intelligence training program proved to be an effective intervention for improving problem-solving skills in students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment-based intervention on resilience, anger management, and quality of life in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The study method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Pakdasht city. Thirty mothers who had referred to the Pakdasht regional counseling center were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups control and experimental (N=15). The research instruments included the Resilience Questionnaire (RQ), Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ), and Spielberger Anger State-Trait Expression Questionnaire (SSTEQ). The acceptance and commitment-based intervention was implemented in 8 sessions for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used. The results showed that the intervention based on acceptance and commitment influenced improving resilience, quality of life, and anger management in mothers (P<0.01). The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used for resilience, anger management, and quality of life in mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The aim of this research was the effectiveness of the drama therapy package based on mentalization on the emotion regulation of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students aged 9 to 11 years old with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Zanjan city in 2023. The sample size includes 30 subject (15 subject in the experimental group and 15 subject in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by purposeful sampling and were placed in two control and experimental groups. For the experimental group, the drama therapy package based on mentalization was implemented, while the control group remained on the waiting list. The research tools included Connors Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (2007) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (2012).

The results showed that the drama therapy package based on mentalization had a significant effect on improving emotion regulation in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.01).

The findings of this research provide useful information regarding the drama therapy package based on mentalization, and counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve emotion regulation in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Executive functions are one of the important factors in distinguishing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo disorder. The aim of this study was to explain the differential diagnosis of executive functions in 8- to 11-year-old boys with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo disorder. The method of the present study was descriptive in the frame of Casual Comparative design and the statistical population included all 8-11 year-old male students with sluggish cognitive tempo and attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder in Urmia in 2021. The statistical sample size was 100 subjects (50 subjects with sluggish cognitive tempo and 50 subjects with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder) from the statistical population who were selected by convenience sampling. In this study, to collect data from the Child Behavior Rating Scale (Swanson et al., 1980), the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Questioner (Penny et al., 2009) and the Children and Adolescent Functional Performance Scale (Barclay, 2012) was used. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used using SPSS version 26 software. The results of the research showed that in terms of response inhibition, spontaneity and emotion self-regulation, there is a significant difference between children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and children with sluggish cognitive tempo disorder (P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in problem solving and time management (P>0.01). Considering the problems of executive functions in children with sluggish cognitive tempo disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, it is suggested that therapists consider interventions to strengthen executive functions in these two groups of children to improve their social and academic performance.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treatments based on sensory integration on the brain networks of primary school children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this research is a quasi-experimental study with a comparison group with random assignment, pre-test-post-test. The purpose of quasi-experimental research is to find possible causes of a behavior pattern. The pre-test and post-test design with control group is one of the experimental designs in which subjects are randomly selected and replaced in different groups using the same method. In this research, the treatment based on sensory integration is considered as an independent variable, and its effectiveness on the brain networks of primary school children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is considered as a dependent variable. The statistical population includes all primary school children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who refer to related centers in Shiraz city. The sample size is 160 people.

Movement and balance skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are weaker than normal children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a course of kata exercises on static and dynamic balance in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This research was semi-experimental. The statistical population of the current study was all female children aged 10 to 12 years old with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hamadan city. The subjects of this research were 30 children who were selected by convenience sampling. At first, the characteristics of body measurements and static and dynamic balance pre-tests of children were recorded. After matching, subjects were randomly assigned to two control or experimental groups of 15 individuals. Then the participants of the experimental group participated in the protocol of kata exercises for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. After the last training session, the post-test of static and dynamic balance were measured in the same conditions as the pre-test. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the data.

12 weeks of kata exercises led to a significant increase in static balance with the dominant leg (P<0.001), static balance with the non-dominant leg (P<0/001) and dynamic balance in different directions (P<0.001) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hamedan.

Therefore, it can be concluded that kata exercises can be a useful training method to help children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to improve their static and dynamic balance.

The purpose of this study was to design and validation of mother's self-regulation program and its effect on parenting stress of mothers with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research method is considered to be fundamental and applied in terms of its purpose, and it is a combination-exploratory research. The research method in the quantitative part was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research in this section included all mothers aged 30-45 with children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Tehran in 2022. The sample size consisted of 30 mothers (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and placed in two groups of control and experimental. For the experimental group, a mother self-regulation program was implemented, while the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments included the Parenting Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995). Data analysis was done using analysis of variance with repeated measures in spss software version 26. The results showed that self-regulation intervention had a significant effect on parenting stress in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.01).