جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "experience" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Positivist historiography is one of the types of modern historiography that emerged in the 19th century due to the influence of the spread of positivism. Giving authenticity to experience and observation, separating objective propositions from value judgments, trying to write history as it happened, documentation and relying on original sources are the most important assumptions of this type of historiography. In fact, from the point of view of positivists, the historian is an accurate and reliable reporter who seeks to discover the past rather than to reconstruct it by referring to authentic documents and evidence. In other words, the external objective world (history in the sense of past events) is waiting for a realistic discovery by the historian. With this description, without trying to impose a modern concept on a pre-modern epistemology, this article seeks to answer the main question: Are there signs and examples of historiography based on these assumptions in the Iranian-Islamic historiography tradition? Based on the findings of the research of some great Muslim historians such as Biruni, Meskawieh, Maghdisi, Yaqoubi, Masoudi, Hamza Esfahani, etc., believed in the principles and methods that were accepted and emphasized by positivist historians in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experience of psychological distress in people with Corona. The statistical population of this research was all people infected with corona in Isfahan province, 14 of whom were selected using Kessler's Psychological Distress Questionnaire and in a purposeful way, who had the criteria to enter the research. The research data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and the sampling continued until data saturation. The analysis of the research data was carried out using the Claysey method, which led to the extraction of 3 main themes of "disorder of straw power", "increasing dangers" and "internal commotion" and 15 sub-themes. The results of this research revealed that people with corona not only perceive experiences related to psychological distress from an individual point of view, but also from a family and social point of view, they are involved in unpleasant situations that aggravate psychological distress in them.

NDE is one of the topics of interest to thinkers of experimental sciences, philosophers and theologians. Psychologists have sought to analyze these experiences by presenting models of expectation, birth and personality transformation. Physiologists have considered it as hallucinations caused by the release of hormones, damage to the brain region, changes in blood pressure and similar causes. Each of the theories has flaws. The problem of research in this article is to compare the views of Islamic philosophy and mysticism on these experiences and compare them with the opinions of physicists. The research method of this article is based on the collection of mystical and philosophical information from the library method and data processing from the descriptive-analytical method and a critical comparison with the view of physicalists. The findings of this research indicate the possibility of comparing these experiences with mystical intuition and as a result of using mystical and philosophical criteria to evaluate them. The possibility of referring to these experiences to prove life after death, accepting moral and mystical advice on them while accepting the possibility of error and avoiding jurisprudential inferences based on them are other findings of this research.

Originality/Value: 

The results of this study will be useful for designing the new approaches in development of tourism industry of Iran and will help managers and marketers toward international cultural foundating and improving tourism marketing performance.

Dark tourism is a special dimension of tourism that examines the impact of the negative aspects of a tourist destination tourist attraction or repulsion. The special conditions of tourism and the negative political propaganda of the West are among the factors that have necessitated attention to this issue. This study was designed to survey the model of emotional response in the dark tourism environment in Iran based on the role of experience and motivation and with a practical approach and a descriptive survey method.

The statistical population is all foreign tourists referring to the city of Yazd in the fall of 2019, in 170 responders that randomly selected. Considering the validity and reliability of the measurement and structural models and the appropriate fit and quality of the model

The results showed that the motivation to experience; Experience on emotional response; and motivation has a significant effect on emotional

Strategic thinking is the art of making and building a strategy, which is done by timely recognizing the characteristics of the competition field and seeing the opportunities that the competitors are oblivious to. Every experience is actually a challenge that a person faces and leads to the development of strategic thinking in him. The current research was carried out with the aim of "investigating the impact of various experiences on the strategic thinking of the headquarters managers of the military organization in question". The method of this research is "descriptive-analytical" of documentary and survey type. The size of the statistical population was 60 people with the characteristics of having at least 2 years of managerial work in the headquarters and having the desire to cooperate in this research. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 53 items based on the Likert scale. Smart pls software was also used for data analysis. The results of this research show that the experiences and their types, in the order of priority 1- external experiences, 2- organizational experiences, 3- interpersonal experiences and 4- personal experiences are influential in the strategic thinking of the headquarters managers of the military organization in question. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve and determine the indicators of strategic thinking competencies of the headquarters managers of the organization in question.

The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedentedly damaged the traveling and tourism industry as well as life and subsistence. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, travelers’ behaviors, demands, and even characteristics of traveling have changed. Identifying these changes in the behavior of consumers, especially in choosing their destination and service centers, is considered crucial in rebuilding the tourists’ lost trust and revitalizing the tourism industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to structurally analyze the motivation, frequency of visiting, and experience components of the tourists’ satisfaction and behavioral tendencies in their destination areas with an emphasis on COVID-19 in Mazandaran province. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on field research. The population of the study consists of tourists who visited Mazandaran province during the outbreak of the COVID-19. The samples were selected randomly and the sample size was estimated at 385 using the Cochran’s formula. The collected data from the questionnaire containing close-ended questions were analyzed using SPSS 27 and Smart PLS3 software. The findings show that of the research variables, experience, and frequency of visits have a significant relationship with satisfaction and behavioral tendencies. Tourism motivation has no significant relationship with satisfaction and behavioral tendencies. Moreover, no significant relationship was reported between satisfaction and behavioral tendencies.

Cognitive neuroscience studies show that the judgment process and its characteristics are the most basic cognitive activities of the brain that people are forced to perform throughout their lives. In the field of auditing, judgment and decision-making are very important. The auditing process is based on various judgments and decisions. In other words, all the issues raised in the audit are covered by the judgment and decisions of the relevant persons. The judgment process of a person is by the abilities, characteristics and internal character of the person making the judgment, which is different from other persons. However, components such as the process of recognition, the process of judgment, the environment, motivations and other factors related to the person making the judgment decrease quality will be judged. One of the sub-branches of the component of the judgment process is the order of information presented or obtained, which, according to the results of many researches, can affect the quality of people's judgment. The effect of the order of information on the quality of judgment becomes important when the judgment of people who are given information "A" first and then information "B" for processing is compared to the judgment of people who are given information "B" first and then information "B" and then the information given by "A" makes a significant difference in his/her judgment. Experience in the framework of variables related to the person is one component that affects the quality of judgment. The information in people's memories, formed over time and based on various judgments and decisions, will be able to modify future decisions. A person's specialized experience increases his/her abilities in processing information and finding the most appropriate solution in special conditions. Therefore, it is expected that experience can moderate the effect of the order of information presentation on the quality of the auditor's judgment. 

This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study. The statistical population includes all auditors working in the country in 2022. Two questionnaires are sent one month apart to persons with the required characteristics. The difference between the first and second questionnaires is only in the order of information, so all the information of both questionnaires is completely the same. 

The results show that the significance level of the Vicaxon test based on the difference in the average judgment in two stages is less than 1%, so the effect of the order of information presentation on the quality of judgment is confirmed with 99% confidence.In addition, the results show that experience has a non-linear relationship with the quality of judgment due to the order of information of individuals. In other words, people with an average experience between 10 and 15 years are affected by the information order compared to people with less experience. In addition, in completing the effect of the order of presentation of information, the findings show that when the first information with a negative charge is presented, the person's judgment will be negative. The person's judgment will be positive if the first information presented is positive. Finally, the results indicate a stronger relationship between the information load of the first information and their judgment when the auditors are under time constraints. 

The findings show a significant difference between people's judgments of information whose order is different. The order of presenting information by taking advantage of the cognitive limitations of the human mind is able to affect people's judgment and decisions. In addition, there is a curvilinear relationship between the experience and the difference between the two judgments of the persons in such a way that the least difference of judgment was for the persons who had experienced between 5 and 15 years. This shows that the order of information presentation influences less experienced and more experienced people. The reasoning for this result can be found in the theory of the tendency to evaluate.Furthermore, when the first information provided is positive, the person's final judgment will also be positive. If the first information provided is negative, the person's final judgment will also be accompanied by a negative sign. These findings show that the order of information influences people and considers a certain weight and coefficient for the first information, so the effect of information precedence is confirmed. This effect is also limited by time. When a person is faced with a time limitation or thinks he does not have enough time to process information, he pays more attention to the first and most prominent information, relies on that information and bases his subsequent judgments on that information.

The expansion of the recruitment of non-Iranian students in recent years has led to an increase in foreign interactions with Iranians. Research on the experiences and perceptions of non-Iranian students can lead to more self-awareness of Iranians. As a preliminary step, this article aims to report the experience and perception of some non-Iranian students studying in Iran. The method of current research is ethnography and the interview technique was used in data collection and the step-by-step coding technique was used in data analysis. The data is mainly the result of interviews with 28 non-Iranian students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the summer of 2015. The result of extracting the messages in the interviews and assigning basic concepts to them is about 200 basic concepts and 7 major categories. Inspired by Gurvitch, major categories, ecology and morphology, clothing and appearance, interaction, social norms, morals and social values, and "deficiencies" were determined. Students made observations and made inferences, and the more observable a topic was, or the simpler and more accessible the inference was, the more it was reported.

Today's competitive environment has become extremely turbulent and one of the ways to deal with the environmental disturbances is to emphasize the historical components and show the stability and stability of the brand. Appealing to the past has become a common thing for consumers today, and brands with images that have components such as credibility, heritage, and stability are gaining popularity. Brand age is defined as consumers' perception of the brand's long existence and is part of the concept of brand heritage. Therefore, the effect of brand antiquity on consumer-brand relationships is well established. However, brand oldness is a general concept with positive implications, but there is no study on the underlying process and especially the set of connections that consumers feel when facing old brands; it is not focused. The associative approach is important because it focuses on the spontaneous activation of learned sets of associations or responses developed by consumers through repeated activation in memory. This activation starts automatically with the presence of environmental stimuli. For example, an indication of the product's country of origin activates associations stored in memory and stereotypes about countries. Therefore, emotions are one of the topics that motivate customers to choose and communicate with a product or service. An emotional connection between the brand and the customer is formed gradually. We live in a world full of emotions; where emotions influence our decisions. For this reason, marketers often try to create an emotional connection between their brand and their customers; this becomes possible when the consumer develops an emotional connection with the brand. Attachment is considered as the strength of the emotional and cognitive relationship between the consumer and the brand. The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The research method is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of this research was all buyers of Iranian sports brands. The sampling method is accessible, which was selected from the customers of sports brands in the virtual space. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. In this research, the standard questionnaire of Richard and White (2020) was used. This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, SPSS and LISREL software were used for data analysis to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at 0.90 on experience and expertise, at 0.95 at 0.96 on reminiscence, at 0.96 at timelessness and at 0.85 at tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timelessness, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers. The effect of brand longevity on consumer-brand relationships is well established. However, brand oldness is a general concept with positive implications, but there is no study on the underlying process and especially the set of connections that consumers feel when facing old brands; It is not focused. Consumers are likely to make associations linking aging cues to inferences about brand attributes. For example, if the brand name is old, it may be associated with expertise. Association refers to the connection between the brand and the use (user), including consumers' desire to buy and recommend to others. The force that makes the brand sit in the minds of consumers and influence it is more than the experience of use. In this way, in addition to the value of consumer goods, brands provide meanings for brands that consumers like. Therefore, it can be concluded that experience and expertise in building relationships with customers and maintaining them are essential for any sports brand and will create brand associations. In general, it can be concluded that investigating the consequences of the association of old brands with sports authenticity is necessary for sports organizations that seek to gain popularity and improve the overall status of the organization, because paying attention to these consequences can be an advantage for sports organizations. Create a competition with other organizations and help the organization to attract more people through building a successful brand. Therefore, in order to build a successful brand, managers of sports organizations should focus on the categories identified in this research, so that they can identify the needs of customers and take basic steps to solve them with appropriate measures. Produce appropriate products to retain customers and attract new customers. Therefore, having an original and old brand can put the organization on the path of growth and development. Therefore, it is suggested to use sports brand loyalty programs. The basic branding process starts with the creation of an essence, this essence acts as a rosary thread and connects all the components of the brand together. It is also suggested to pay attention to the characteristics of a brand. The characteristics of a brand are all those things that are conveyed to the audience through a specific instruction through the communication points of the brand. These features can include product packaging, presentation, brand coloring, advertising style.