جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "power" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

By its multidisciplinary nature, geopolitics deals with various areas of political and spatial phenomena; these phenomena have both external and objective reality as well as abstract and subjective reality. With the increase of literature related to critical geopolitics, the fields of geopolitical studies expanded its range of studies in new fields and environments such as environment, culture and art. Meanwhile, art as a popular science and category has special political and spatial effects. Given the common themes in the two fields of geopolitics and art, the present study aimed to investigate the examples and relations between geopolitics and art, and the geopolitics of art. To answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method, the geopolitical concepts and examples of art were studied. Findings showed that geopolitical concepts such as competition, cooperation, power, politics and space reflected and represented in art on different scales. Thus, art in its general and broad sense under the title of fine arts, and art as a space for the transmission of meaning (iconographic element) is a kind of objective and abstract space in which geopolitical concepts and foundations were represented.

The issue of the relationship between religion and power is one of the issues that have long been the subject of many contemporary thinkers' questions and ambiguities, among which Abdul Karim Soroush is one of the most famous people. He introduces the language of Islam as the language of power and violence and the prophet as an armed and power-seeking mystic. In order to prove his point of view, Soroush interprets and analyzes the verses of Jihad, the verses of the punishment of criminals in hell, the opening verses and the verse 29 of Tawbah and taking Jizya from the people of dhimma, citing the verses of the Qur'an, and views it as being consistent with the theory of authoritarianism and violence.  The explanation and re-reading of the narrative evidence of Soroush's point of view has been done with analytical-critical method. The findings of the research show that the narrative evidence of Soroush's point of view does not have the necessary proficiency and his interpretation of the verses is contrary to other verses of the Qur'an, the Muslim way of life, and the opinions of Imamiyyah jurists.

Researches show that much than 80% of formulated strategies have been failed in execution stage. There are many reasons for these failures. One of the main reasons for these failures, is the non-alignment between business strategy and organizational behavior affairs (such as organizational cultures, conflict, motivation, power and politics and etc) as an infrastructure of strategy execution. In this paper, the alignment between business strategy and power types and its effect on the performance improvement were investigated in 18 commercial companies of Defense Ministry, being active in trading (non-military) market. The present research is descriptive-expressive in terms of goal, applied-developmental in terms of consequence and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data type. In quantitative research, 105 questionnaires were collected from the strategists of companies. In this research, "the model of structural equations" and especially the technique of path analysis were applied to study the relationships between the research variables, employing the Software smart PLS, v. 3.0; "cluster analysis" and "variance analysis" were performed by the Software SPSS, v. 19. Also, the qualitative data from the structured interviews made with 36 senior managers was analyzed by content analysis, and for verifying the validity of power model (developed by researches of this project) and the criterion for comparing the performance of the companies was determined by Delphi technique. The results of variance analysis test indicated that the companies, where business strategy and power types are more aligned, have a higher performance

The Islamic revolution was a great event of the 20th century, which, in addition to the fundamental and comprehensive transformation in Iran, had many global achievements. The Islamic Revolution was able to cut short the hands of trans-regional imperialist powers such as the United States of America in the Middle East. This event not only caused a fundamental transformation in Iran, but also had many consequences in the Islamic world and various reflections around the world. The purpose of the current research is to answer the basic question, what are the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States in the framework of Stephen Walt's theory? This research has been used in the analysis of the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States with the documentary method and inspired by Stephen Walt's balance of threat theory. The results of this research show that the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America feel all four levels of threats introduced by Stephen Walt, which include total power, geographical proximity, military capabilities, and aggressive intentions, against each other, and it is natural that they want to oppose it. take action so that they can reduce the other's power and prevent the implementation of the threat, and it is at this stage that they start balancing.

The issue of “narcotics and psychoactive substances in prisons” is one of the most complex problems that highlights the failures of policymakers, who have consistently tried to manage the illicit use and distribution of drugs in prisons through strict control plans and treatment programs. This article aims to return to the main issue and ask: How does the dark underbelly of the prison cope with drugs? Why is the issue of drugs constantly discussed in prison policies? And despite the significant resources invested in their elimination, we are still hesitant to say that some successes have been achieved. The necessity of the discussion is to the extent that we know that in most criminal justice systems, most prisoners are directly or indirectly imprisoned for drug-related crimes, and therefore the issue of managing and controlling the distribution of drugs in prisons is of fundamental importance. The article responds using a descriptive-analytical method, asserting that the issue surrounding the economy of drugs in prisons reductively attributes all policy failures to market-based economics. In contrast, critical theories, drawing on the concepts of power and resistance, bring the unknown aspects of drugs in prisons closer to understanding. The dialectic of power and resistance never portrays these ineffective policies as victorious, and for this reason, programs outside of prison are exceedingly important. Decriminalization for users, petty offenders, and those who steal low-value property, along with efforts to shift societal preferences towards lower-risk drugs, are among the most significant assets

Criticism of new historicism has been formed in opposition to traditional historicism. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, new historicism believes in the mutual influence of literature and history on each other. The story of Bahram and Golandam is one of the remarkable poems in Kurdish literature, which are called "Beit". Beits are syllable-weighted folktales recited by beit readers. It can be said that there are some similarities between the stories of Bahram and Golandam and Zal and Rudabeh. Therefore, it is possible to measure these two stories with each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-comparative approach, we have tried to give a reading of the two stories in question based on the concepts of new historicism. The findings show that although both stories are apparently romantic and the conflicts are about love and marriage; But inside the story, power and discourse interests are fundamental issues. Every discourse tries to maintain its political and social interests.

This research tries to answer the question "What is the difference between Islam's approach to social justice compared to the social contract aimed at universal consensus on the implementation of justice in the political thought of the West?" Human civilization, the correctness of the hypothesis "The divine origin of justice in Islam, while requiring government officials to establish justice in society by recognizing the people in charge of monitoring the good performance of the trustees, has a greater capability than the social contract of the West in establishing justice and its stability in the foundation of human civilization" to examine in a documentary way and through a library study using the descriptive-analytical method.The findings of the research show that contrary to the political thought of the West, which is expected from the government and those in power chosen based on the collective agreement and social contract, the establishment and implementation of justice in the society, in the Imamate system of Islamic justice, the realization of this is important to fulfill the duties of each of the government and People are conditioned based on a dialectical relationship.

The judicial system is universally recognized as a paramount institution for the exercise of power. Within this system, language assumes a paramount role as nowhere is its use more pronounced and impactful than in the legal and judicial context. In these contexts, language serves as a tool for wielding power, establishing dominance, and exerting control. The objective of this research was to comprehensively analyze the various dimensions of trial discourse with a particular focus on the representations of power exhibited in the interactions among participants in diverse court sessions. To accomplish this, we examined a multitude of civil, criminal, and family court sessions associated with the court and prosecutor's office of Dorud City. The present study employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches for data analysis. Our analysis drew upon the ethnographic framework proposed by Hymes (1974) supplemented by statistical calculations.The data analysis results demonstrated that professional participants, including judges, investigators, and prosecutors, employed various verbal and non-verbal strategies to establish their power and dominance during trial discourse. Notably, the strategies of "questioning" and "interruption" played a prominent role in this regard. In contrast, lay participants, such as the accused, complainants, and suspects, demonstrated resistance to the exercise of dominance and power by utilizing tactics, such as "intervention", "interruption", "counter-questioning", and "silence."

Critical discourse analysis affects the speakers' comprehension of social, cultural and political issues by uncovering the underlying structures of messages. This descriptive-analytical study investigates the hanging tale of Hasanak-e-Vazir based on Van Dijk’s (2007) socio-cognitive approach to clarify the functional relation between language, ideology, power and dominance in social and political context of Bayhaqi's period. The study’s sampling is purposeful and samples are taken from Hasanak’s tale based on the research-made worksheet. Data analysis showed that the semantic level elements of categorization, polarization, hyperbole, disclaimer, vagueness, empathy, distance, euphemism and rhetoric were used. In argumentative level, the categories of evidence, reference, comparison, and explicitness were used. The findings indicate that Bayhaqi refers to the society with us-them polarization performed based on the power groups. Moreover, categorization, disclaimer and hyperbole were used to express the good characteristics of in-group (positive self-representation) and bad social actions of out-group (negative-other representation). Ambiguity quantifiers show the opacity in interpersonal relations and dark situation of Bayhaqi's period. The euphemism softens the disorder situation and indicates the violent situation of those days. In stylistic level, metaphor, metonymy and contrast and in syntactic level, word order movement and modality categories were used to show us-them polarization.

In geopolitics, every decision is consciously taken and the effect of various structures of organizations, ideological institutions, etc. on performance methods and even our way of thinking is carefully noticed. Fundamental bases of geopolitical studies as well as politics are geosphere and biosphere. In this regard, Arquilla & Ronfeldt (1999) offered the idea of “noopolitics” as a new strategic approach in noospheric setting. This setting refers to the development of earth and human knowledge, science as well as mental communicative network to regenerate phenomena. Noopolitics makes a deep change in geopolitics and art of governing because it can turn knowledge into power. Above all, the aim is to prevent the dominance of power over knowledge with the result of our developed mind transferring the sciences at the service of humanity and peace into an extended area. While classical geopolitics claims that some countries overtake others with the intention of overruling, noopolitics rejects it and considers the unique source of power, “the power over self”. Finally, according to noopolitics, another war cannot exist in facing absolute knowledge.

This study enjoys fundamental method of research and involves a new discussion over power and knowledge in relation to classical geopolitics. It dominates change in patterns and the current procedure on international system based on evolved principles of geopolitics during which the subject of power and informational strength turns into knowledge and wisdom. Its verification is the main focus of this research. With regard to the theoretical nature of the subject, the research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection tool is based on library findings.

Noopolitics is the interaction between power and knowledge and between power and wisdom. In fact, it is the “policy of knowledge geopolitics” in a way that it explains behaviors, errors, and reasons and enables the tomorrow’s leaders to overcome the errors. Noopolitics claims that sovereignty at any level of human organization is the source of blessing and every power. If noopolitics is considered as the interaction between power and knowledge, the art of knowledge is the ability to rule and control over power.
In essence, noopolitics is a political-informative function which can be updated with the entrance of new players. Arquilla & Ronfeldt (1999) consider five trends to develop noopolitics. Integrated growth at international level, continuation of unity of the world civil society, added soft power, and updated importance of cooperation merits and shaping international noosphere. This inclination, of course, does not outdate old paradigm of terms related to political realism. However, power decreases “states role as determining factor of world discipline” and the political and realistic states. This trend, in more complex relations of the nations, considers noopolitics as states’ approaches that can be used by non-government institutions as state influencers, and emphasizes on the role of soft power to express thoughts, values, norms and ethics via all media. Noopolitics is the political behavior and foreign political strategy for the information age which emphasizes on shaping and sharing the ideas, norms, regulations, and ethics through soft power. In this regard, the information era witnesses the movement from realpolitics to noopolitics. While realpolitics with its realistic policy intends to transfer power to the states, noopolitics enjoys the power of government and non-government players system in its performance. Therefore, we encounter certain new notions in noopolitical paradigm which are based on sciences and information era such as noosphere, soft and intelligent power.It can be noted that a meaningful relationship exists between soft power and noopolitics. Arquilla & Ronfeldt (1999) take states the main players of international system but still notice the relation balance between states, market, and civil society. This change is to the advantage of realistic policy. Noopolitic thoughts are a platform via which international activities develop with knowledge playing a vital role. They believe knowledge is resulted from multiple processes and through steps which briefly include information, comprehension, analysis, and dissemination of updated communicative technologies in the light of information. Noopolitics is not only the access to the data, but it also is the possession of strategic potential by means of application of information channels. It sometimes performs as a complement for reality and sometimes as a competitive paradigm for policy and strategy. As, international noosphere expands, noopolitics offers a new paradigm at a broader level. The interaction between knowledge and power has amended very simple principles of noopolitics. It has been recognized as an outstanding performance in a way that the states should not attempt to impose power on others. Still, they can be the final shape of power with noopolitical strategy. Therefore, power would be the final goal of international relations. Knowledge within power along with noopolitical principles would result in ideas which benefit more in peace rather than war. Military technology as well as talent should always be permitted or be turned into non-military programs because power of weapons of mass murder is more due to mass destruction. Information revolution empowers nations’ potentials to face others; however, it is also the most vulnerable at international atmosphere. Therefore, noopolitics hegemony would belong to those with information imperialism. At the time of battle, countries that possess thecapability of sharing hot information for public security are able to organize and manage more security organizations. But this issue increases the risk of exploitation and misbehavior with semi-trusted friends and allies. All in all, policies, resolutions, as well as especial mechanisms would be worked out which meaningfully keep noopolitics apart from realistic policy to deal with a vast domain of situations including “democratic development”, leverage on ruling regimes, and making agreement on environmental problems and human rights across the world.

The present research has posed a fresh discussion on power and knowledge in relation with classical noopolitics. The study domain includes changes in patterns and ruling trends in international system based on innovated principles of geopolitics with the subject of power and information capabilities turning into knowledge and wisdom that is taken as one of the updated ideas. The interaction between knowledge and power would correct quite simple principles of geopolitics and introduces noopolitics as an outstanding performance. Therefore, states with noopolitical strategies could absorb the ultimate product of power to their benefits. Based on noopolitics, wars would happen only as a result of coexistence of knowledge and ignorance, to hurt the enemy and prevent clashes. There is a need to knowledge because in encountering absolute knowledge, there would be no other war.

"Development" and terms such as unstable development, unbalanced development, underdeveloped, under development, etc. are widely used concepts in analyzing the conditions of non-western societies such as Iran and comparing them with developed societies. What is considered as certain and natural in these analyses is the necessity of the realization of "development", in such a way that it seems impossible to imagine another form of reality. The development and its indicators have become not only the point of support for many evaluations about policies and states but also a dominant criterion for judgment about non-Western people and society. Nevertheless, "development" is historical like any other social phenomenon, and its correct understanding requires adopting an approach that pays attention to this aspect. "Genealogy" as a theoretical-methodological approach studies social phenomena such as development in their historical process. This article is contemplation about the capabilities that this approach provides for "development studies".

To achieve this purpose, the participation of Foucaultian genealogy, post-development and post-colonial studies of development (which are influenced by Foucault), Foucault's analysis of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and some considerations have been used to provide an optimized version of genealogy for use in "development studies".

According to this approach, the correct method in “social science” is genealogical historiography, because the existence of every social phenomenon is a historical construction. Rejecting the assumption of continuity does not mean denying the existence of any type of continuity in history, but rather it is a methodological tact. Genealogy implies a fundamental critique of modernity, because it does not consider it emancipatory. This analytical approach allows the researcher to criticize dominant narratives about “Development”. The formulation of the problem is one of the most important possibilities of genealogy for development studies. Genealogy begins its analysis with a question in the present. Therefore, the genealogical problem of development is a question of the “present”. Analyzing the descent of the idea and practice of development is not in search of a single origin. Success in this search, while paying attention to the special history of each land, requires tracing the reflection of the descent of the global development discourse, its elements, and social forces in the society that is being studied. Genealogical studies of development, while applying the concept of “Discourse”, sees a connection between representation procedures (discursive practices) and material procedures (non-discursive practices) of development, pay attention to individual and collective agency, and do not seek homogenization, theorizing and extreme generalization.Genealogy traces power relations involved in the construction of meanings, because power is one of the factors in the historical construction of identities. While criticizing the “juridico-discursive” model of power, Foucault forms a network for the analysis of power relations by proposing the concept of “governmentality” in which the state can be examined. In this analytical framework, attention is also paid to subjectivity and individual freedom. The emergence of this subjectivity in Foucault's analysis of the Iranian Islamic Revolution is resounding. Genealogy provides the possibility of understanding how the idea and practice of development are formed by analyzing power relations in different forms and levels; from examining development projects as a means of exercising power to power relations between developed societies and non-western societies. In the analytics of power, the resistance is also analyzed at the same time. In the version of genealogy presented in this article, attention is paid to the impact of contingency events on discursive and non-discursive practices; with the explanation that at any historical period, a specific event that cannot be predicted based on the existing discourse order may create different historical conditions.The relationship between power, knowledge, and discourse is the domain of Foucault's genealogy. Because of the relationship between power and knowledge, the analysis should include “institutions, regulatory decisions, laws, administrative measures” in addition to texts. This approach provides the possibility of analyzing the practical mechanisms of development discourse such as professionalization and institutionalization. By deconstructing planning, genealogy reveals the effects of power and knowledge in the spread of development. The genealogical analysis in terms of the relationship between knowledge, power, and discourse shows how the development discourse constructs the non-Western world as a subject of knowledge and what kind of interventions are organized based on this. Genealogy also pays attention to resistance or marginal discourses. In terms of methodology, “resistance analysis” is a necessity for “power analysis”. According to Foucault's analysis of the Islamic Revolution, the genealogy of development in contemporary Iran adopts a special theoretical approach regarding the relationship between this revolution and Western development. Finally, it is possible to present and think of alternatives.

The genealogical approach with its conceptual toolbox, can contribute to our knowledge of the topic by highlighting aspects of the idea and practice of development so far unnoticed. Genealogical research can show that if the idea and practice of development had other forms, what discursive and non-discursive practices were involved in these changes? The genealogist, by criticizing of present, questions the “natural” and “definite” form of the existing phenomenon and presents a new picture of it. Genealogy can defamiliarize the “development discourse” in the non-western world. Genealogical studies of development have the possibility of realizing a set of exploratory, descriptive, understanding, and evaluation objectives. The possibility of adopting a post-colonial approach is one of the critical capacities of this type of study. The application of genealogy in development studies can sometimes be implemented with all its components, sometimes parts of it can be considered as an independent study. Genealogy has significant capacities for “development studies”; but being satisfied with a single theoretical approach as a sufficient explanation of the complexity of the subject under study is reductionistic.

The concept of space and time are intertwined as dimensions of the natural world, the study of each is dependent on the study of the other in order to obtain a better and greater understanding of both. For a better and more complete explanation of the discussion of space and time, we need a discussion of movement, and of course this relationship is two-way, and it is not possible to talk about movement without discussing the discussion of space and time. The aspects of the prism of space, time and motion are invalid without explaining the other two clauses. The purpose of this research is to compare the views of Mulla Sadra essential movement and Einstein's theory of relativity in terms of force, action and event (time-space) and the research is descriptive. It is analytical. The method of collecting information is a library, which has been done by referring to the relevant libraries, extracting files from Mulla Sadra works, articles and other written works on the topic of research. The findings indicated that Sadr al-Mutalahin believed that the essence of things is in motion, and if the essence of things was not in motion, there would be no movement in their symptoms. Because the existence of substance and width outside of our imagination is one and the movement of modernity is existence. There are two types of existence: fixed existence and fluid existence, the existence of the natural world is fluid and modern, which gradually comes into existence and disappears, and at the same time, its unity and personality are preserved. "Einstein" also considers time as the amount of movement and generalizes movement in all universes. And that's why he considers time and space together and to measure anything, he considers time as a fourth dimension.

International power is considered one of the essential and fundamental components in international politics. In the classical view, power has been analyzed primarily from a hard power perspective. Consequently, governments, politicians, and policymakers have been encouraged to understand and utilize hard power. However, with the examination of soft power and related concepts such as soft overthrow, soft warfare, and soft security, these ideas quickly gained significant attention in the political discourse of various countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and online resources, seeks to answer the question: What is the analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran's soft power and its impact on national security? The findings indicate that the most important components of Iran's security in the realm of soft power stem from the dominant values of society, the values of the Islamic Revolution, and soft power in higher-level documents, all of which have a direct relationship with ensuring national security.

KeyKhosro's kingdom is one of the narratives about power that shows his ability to reach an ideal society. The purpose of this essay is the performance of KeyKhosro in the field of power and the explanation of the agency of various types of capital and habits or character, from Bourdieu's point of view, and the formation of society to control power and avoid tyranny. The present article, in a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, tries to show, by presenting the power of KeyKhosrow and integrating it in the relations of activists, how he can increase the culture of affordability in the society and achieve an ideal society? Since the homogeneity of wisdom is prominent in the thought of Ferdowsi and Bourdieu, wise confrontation with social events is effective in the success of KeyKhosrow. Effective power depends on the virtues that cause the actor not to deviate from the moral axis and by having capital, especially economic capital, to use it for the well-being of the people of the society, and KeyKhosrow with the approach of prioritization and productivity. Types of capital and correct understanding of habits stabilizes its position in society.

The focus of this article is on evaluating an aspect of the relationship between power and ethics that has been manifested in the life (Seerah) of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh). "The ability to enact change and create impact" is a common proposition in all the definitions provided for power, its foundations, and its components. Moral virtues are also a powerful element in "effectiveness and influence in individual relationships and social life", which are intertwined with power and constitute their common ground. In this research, with a historical description and analysis approach, the question of how the moral virtues of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) became power-generating in the mission of prophethood has been examined. The research findings indicate that the "great character" (Khalq e Azim) Morality of Prophet ... of the Prophet (pbuh) resulted in the "production of power", which manifested as an "effective force" in the inclination of the Arabs towards Islam and their endurance of difficulties, as well as in bringing about widespread changes in society, leading to the success of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and ultimately the formation of a new society based on new religious norms and values.

The book "Power and Political Culture in International Relations" edited by "J. P. Singh" was published in 1396 by "Elami and Farhangi" publications in 1000 copies and 352 pages. The first part of this article with the title "Introduction and description of the work and formal evaluation of the book "Power and Political Culture in International Relations" describes the technical features of the book, examines the literary editing of the book, and then points about observing the scientific principles of referencing within the text and its bibliography. The second part titled "Analysis and evaluation of the content of the book" has examined the following: educational dimensions, problem-solving and responsiveness to the scientific and practical needs of the country, evaluation of the logical order and internal coherence of different sections, the degree of strength of the analyzes and explanations provided. Accuracy in the use of specialized terms and equivalence for specialized and foreign words and terms, the degree of observance of scientific principles and ethics (use of scientific language, mention of the utilized sources, non-scientific bias, harmony of the work with Islamic and Iranian values. At the end, a conclusion titled "Final evaluation of the work" is written and the final summary of the book is presented. The method of studying the article was documents using library resources, both physical and electronic.

Textbooks are the most important resources of the teaching-learning process, and the content of the books should be designed and edited appropriately for each age group and educational level in order to achieve sufficient effectiveness. One of the things that we should pay attention to in the compilation of textbooks is the level of readability of the books. The goals of this research are as follows: 1- Readability of the tenth grade literary science and techniques book based on Gunning Fog, Flash and Power methods. 2- Can the contents of the book be taught independently without the need of a teacher? The statistical population of the current research is all the sentences and words in the text of the book, and the statistical sample of the research also includes 3 texts of one hundred words that were randomly selected. The text analysis method is based on Gunning Fog, Flash and Power methods. The results of the obtained data show that the content of the science and literary techniques book is not age appropriate for the tenth grade. Also, the content of the book cannot be learned independently without a teacher. Therefore, planners should review the book again.