جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « productivity » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

This research aims to design a model for ranking organizational maturity. According to its purpose and nature, this research is qualitative and content analysis type. The study's statistical population includes 30 experts and specialists of the Tavanir organization and its subsidiaries, and the sampling continued until theoretical saturation. The scope of this research is the Ministry of Energy in the electricity sector, that is, Tavanir Company and 16 regional electricity companies in the country, and the sample of this research was conducted using a qualitative method with content analysis. The unit of analysis, which was collected by studying scientific texts, was the theme or concept found in the texts that have elements of maturity in them. To analyze the data, the content analysis method and the Delphi technique were used. The findings showed that the maturity model of human resources in Tavanir company has 7 levels of stairs that determine the level of maturity of human resources of the organization and each level of this maturity has 9 indicators, which have a total of 63 main components and 1273 sub components. These ladder levels include general job skills, communication, technical skills, management, leadership, qualities, and productivity. The findings also show that the maturity level of the organization is ranked into 4 levels: 1: the organization needs improvement, 2: the organization is within the expected range, 3: the organization exceeds the expectation, and 4: the organization is outstanding.

Financial development is one of the effective factors on economic growth in different countries. The relationship between financial development and economic growth is influenced by various parameters and the economic structure of countries. One of the factors that can affect this relationship is the natural resource abundance and the degree of dependence on them. According to economic literature, natural resource abundance can impact financial efficiency, capital accumulation, and the optimal allocation and effectiveness of financial resources, thereby influencing the relationship between financial development and economic growth in resource-rich countries. This study aims to explore the impact of natural resource abundance on the relationship between economic growth and financial development through productivity in Iran.

In order to investigate and empirically analyze the long-term and short-term dynamic relationship between variables, this research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounding test approach. The ARDL Bounding test method was developed by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001). This method offers advantages over other conventional and previous cointegration methods, such as Johansen and Toda-Yamamoto approaches. Some advantages include applicability regardless of considering the order of cointegration between variables, its ability to handle cases where variables are I(0) or I(1), suitability for limited sample sizes, obtaining efficient estimates without risk of over-specification in long-run model relationships, and presenting a reduced form single-equation form rather than a systemic one for the long-run relationship.

Based on the results obtained from the research, financial development has not shown a significant impact on economic growth in Iran during the study period. This suggests that institutions and financial entities, particularly the banking system, have not effectively channeled financial resources towards productive investments and market stimulation. However, the abundance index of natural resources has demonstrated a positive and significant influence on economic growth.Considering the substantial portion of Iran's GDP that is attributed to oil revenues, such a finding is not unexpected. The per capita capital impact on economic growth is also positive and statistically significant. Among the effective factors on economic growth in this study, this variable has exerted the most considerable impact, indicating that capital plays a crucial role in boosting economic growth in Iran. Estimating the factors affecting total factor productivity (which is calculated using the Solow method) also indicates that financial development has had a positive impact on total factor productivity during the study period. However, the ultimate impact of financial development on productivity is influenced by oil revenues, as per the estimated model. The negative and significant coefficient of the interaction variable between financial development and  natural resource abundance suggests a negative effect of oil revenues on the relationship between financial development and productivity in Iran. This result could imply an indirect impact of resource abundance on the financial development-economic growth relationship through the productivity channel during the study period in Iran.Furthermore, it signifies that the heavy dependence on oil, one of the most vital avenues for economic growth, has eroded the relationship with financial development. Hence, the research hypothesis, suggesting that the abundance of natural resources (oil dependence) weakens the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Iran due to its negative impact on productivity, is validated, and the "resource curse" hypothesis is confirmed for the study period in Iran.

The results of this study indicate that financial development had a positive and significant impact on total factor productivity in Iran. However, ultimately, it did not have a significant impact on economic growth. This is due to the abundance of natural resources (oil revenues) leading to a reduction in the positive influence of financial development on total factor productivity. As a consequence, it weakens the relationship between financial development and economic growth during the examined period in Iran. Based on these findings, it is plausible to confirm the hypothesis of the "resource curse" during the examined period in Iran.The findings can encompass a set of policy recommendations for the Iranian economy. Firstly, the government should be aware of the indirect negative impact of oil dependence on the financial system and, consequently, on investment activities. It is logical for the government to maintain the degree of oil dependence at the lowest possible level, enhance economic diversification, and increase the contribution of other sectors to GDP growth. Additionally, the financial system should engage more in productive investment activities to strengthen its role in improving economic growth. In this regard, policymakers should pursue measures that facilitate improvement of banking intermediation efficiency.Furthermore, one of the most significant mechanisms of the resource curse in oil-dependent economies is the mismanagement of these resources and neglect of human development. Easy access to oil revenues might exempt the government from investing in human capital development, which could potentially have a negative impact on the performance of the financial sector and other sectors of the economy. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers prioritize the necessary prerequisites for enhancing human development, which plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity and investment efficiency.

Knowledge-based economy is a concept and approach in which emphasis is placed on the creation and use of knowledge, technology and innovation in economic processes. This concept relies on the principle that knowledge and innovation increase production, improve productivity, create employment and sustainable economic growth. Achieving basic economics requires investments in the human resources sector and planning policies focused on research and innovation, which can finally achieve macro social and economic goals through entrepreneurship and the creation of small, medium and large knowledge-based businesses. According to the purpose of this research, it investigates the impact of knowledge-based economy components on the economic well-being of different provinces of Iran, and the importance of this article is to investigate the impact of knowledge-based economics components on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces with a composite index approach based on the panel data econometric method (minimum method fully modified squares and ordinary least squares) were estimated using Eaves 12 software during the years 2012 to 2018 to check the stability and dynamics of the variables and also the long-term relationship between the variables using the unit root test and the Kao test and for the significance of the panel and fixed effects. And its randomness, the Flimer and Hausman test was used, which was confirmed with a 99% probability level of the test being a panel and with a 99% level of the first model having fixed effects, and in the second model with a 99% probability level of random effects. The results of the research show that in model A, the combined components of basic economics have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces, and the productivity component and the ratio of government expenditures also have a positive and significant effect on economic well-being, and the inflation component has a negative and significant effect on well-being. economy of Iran's provinces, and in the estimation of Model B, the research results show that the combined components of education; Technology, information and innovation have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces, and the combination of economic incentives has a negative and significant effect on the economic well-being of different provinces of Iran.

The current study aims to introduce and compare the application of the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing system (PFABC) and the Fuzzy Performance Focused Activity Based Costing (FPFABC) in calculating revenues, costs, and managerial decisions for long-term construction contracts as well as comparing them with the traditional costing system through empirical analysis.

The present research is categorized as applied, developmental, and a case study based on the Isfahan Housing Foundation using financial data. Following the model proposed by Namazi (2009), two systems, namely PFABC and its Fuzzy version, were implemented and compared on a long-term construction project in Bonyad Maskan Isfahan, using information from the traditional costing system. Nine hypotheses were postulated to compare revenue, cost, estimated remaining costs, efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, and variances in one of the largest long-term construction contracts. Field and library research methods were employed to gather the required data collected in 2022. To test the research hypotheses the normality of the data in each method was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Then, based on whether the data is normal or not. Each method used a parametric dependent t-test (paired t) and a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Hypotheses data were analyzed with SPSS 27 software. Utilizing the practical PFABC system, this study calculates revenue, cost, estimated remaining costs, efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, and variances in one of the largest long-term construction contracts.

The study showed a significant difference between total costs and profit in long-term contracts calculated using the traditional costing system and the PFABC approach. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between total cost and profit calculated using the traditional costing system and the FPFABC. However, due to the accuracy of the data in the construction industry, there was no significant difference between costs and profits calculated using the PFABC approach and the FPFABC. Additionally, no significant differences were observed among the methods in terms of revenue identification. The lack of significance in revenue calculation can be attributed to the fixed amount of contracts and the use of the percentage of work in progress according to accounting standards in long-term contracts. In this hypothesis, the lack of significance may be due to the similarity in cost estimation and the use of the percentage of work in progress, which did not differ between the traditional and FPFABC systems. The results indicate that the Fuzzy PFABC system is an integrated costing system that not only holds practical applicability for implementation and execution within the accounting standards of long-term construction contracts but also constitutes an essential component thereof. The study finds that the fuzzy model of the FPFABC system increases the accuracy of calculations, especially in conditions of uncertainty of the cost of each activity. These findings posit great impacts on the practice and the theoretical basis of the PFABC systems.Using the PFABC-Focused fuzzy system can improve the financial management of long-term construction projects. The study recommends that contractor companies implement the PFABC-Focused fuzzy system in the standard accounting of long-term construction projects and that contractor companies provide training for financial managers to use the system effectively. Also, the identified price and volume deviations are analyzed to improve the existing conditions.

The practical PFABC system is one of the modern costing methods employed in civil engineering projects to identify and control cost variances and estimate remaining costs. The results demonstrate the limitations of the traditional costing system in recognizing distortions in prices, quantities, efficiency calculations, effectiveness, productivity, and unused capacity.  It provides valuable information for managerial decision-making. The PFABC system provides a significantly better way of identifying and controlling cost variances in civil engineering projects than the traditional costing system. It enables managers to quickly implement changes in volume and rate and make decisions accordingly. Additionally, the fuzzy methods used in the FPFABC system allow for predicting future uncertainties in activity rates based on expert opinions and experiences, providing advantages over employer-driven payment methods. The PFABC system serves not only as a project control system but also as a cost management tool, enabling the analysis of purchase prices, correction of excessive consumption claims, and efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity comparisons. In uncertain conditions, the fuzzy system utilizes expert opinions and experiences to improve current cost calculations and future cost estimates in long-term contracts. Ultimately, this system enhances strategic and competitive capabilities, estimation of remaining costs, calculation of revenues, determination of actual labor in progress, facilitation of audits, and adjustment of contracts as employers require.

The aim of the research was the structural analysis of the model of human resources productivity of the Ministry of Petroleum. This research was practical in terms of purpose and the data was collected in the field and in a mixed way (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population was 15 experts in the qualitative section and 15 experts in the quantitative section, managers, managers, and physical education experts of the Ministry of Petroleum and users, who were first randomly selected by stratification, and then 384 people were selected as a sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.86). SPSS, Amos and Lisrel software were used for data analysis. Based on the findings, 37 indicators in the form of 12 components have an effect on improving the productivity of physical training of the Ministry of Oil. Considered planning, motivational measures, and managerial and technical empowerment will improve the productivity of human resources in the physical education of the Ministry of Petroleum.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the dimensions, components and indicators of social loafing, and finally, the accuracy of the identified criteria in the form of explaining an exploratory model to reduce social loafing in technology-oriented organizations familiar with remote working, in line with improving productivity. This research is considered descriptive from the point of view of applied methodology, and Was done using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative), extracting 5 main dimensions from 16 components and 51 indicatorsIn the qualitative section, using content analysis and interviews with 20 academic and organizational experts in the field of social loafing, the data was collected. To obtain the model in the quantitative part, the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method and a questionnaire were used. The current research spanned 18 months and involved the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The statistical population in the quantitative part comprised senior experts from the Informatics Services Company, the electronic technology arm of the Central Bank of Iran. Maxqda software was used to analyze the qualitative data, and SPSS and PLS software, along with path analysis, regression, and structural equations, were used to analyze the quantitative data obtained from 96 questionnaires. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis of the research identified 5 dimensions: organization, behavior, management systems, culture, and goals/strategy. Behavioral and cultural variables were identified as mediator variables. The model resulting from the ISM analysis and the use of the Mic-Mac analysis presented a 3-level model, in which the organization dimension was the most influential, and the goals/strategy dimension was recognized as the most influential dimension. Taking advantage of the results of the exploratory model of this research can practically lead to the reduction of social loafing in technology-oriented organizations affected by remote work mechanisms, and at the same time, it can increase productivity in these organizations.

Nowadays, due to the population’s growth and the expansion of science and new technologies, various businesses have been created in society. These businesses need to pay special attention to human resources in order to have good productivity and not be weak in front of their competitors. This research aims to design a model to determine the factors affecting the emergance of human resource black holes using a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). The statistical population of this research includes experts familiar with the subject at Lorestan University and Azad University, Lorestan branch whose sample members were selected using the snowball sampling method based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection instrument consisted of the interviews in the qualitative part, whose validity was confirwmed using content validity, and their reliability was calculated using intra-coder inter-coder reliability with a coefficient of 78. The data collection instrument is the quantitative part included a questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed by content validity and test- retest reliability, whose coefficient was found to be 84. In this research, the content analysis and coding methods were used in the qualitative part and the FCM was used in the quantitative part to analyze the data. The findings in the qualitative part included identifying factors affecting the emergeance of human resource black holes, and the findings of the quantitative part included the ranking of these factors based on the degree of importance. The results of the research showed that a preference for engagement over expertise with the highest capacity for influence and consequently the highest degree of centrality was identified as the most important factor influencing the emergence of human resource black holes. Following this, the supervisors' inattention to the organization's problems and events, lack of proper performance evaluation system, individualism, and managers' inefficiency were identified as other important factors affecting the emergence of human resources black holes.

The aim of the current research was to present an optimal model for total productivity based on the combination of ownership and supervisory efficiency of independent managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research was a descriptive-deductive description in terms of its practical purpose and the method used. In order to analyze the data using the panel data method and to test the hypotheses, multiple linear regression tests were conducted in a sample consisting of 80 selected companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 1393-1400. In this research, the rate of return on equity and the ratio of book value to market value were used to measure the productivity index. The results of the estimation of the research models showed that when the variable rate of return on equity is considered as a productivity index, the composition of ownership has a significant negative effect on productivity. In fact, greater concentrated ownership in the institutional and major shareholders of the company causes a significant decrease in the productivity of companies; however, the increase in the number of non-commissioned members compared to the total number of board members as an indicator of the supervisory efficiency of independent directors does not have a significant effect on productivity. The effects of financial leverage and company size on the productivity of companies were found to be both negative and positive, that is, when the variable of the ratio of book value to market value is considered as a productivity index, ownership composition has a negative effect on productivity, but the effect of increasing the supervisory efficiency of independent managers on productivity was found to be significantly positive. As a result, reducing the concentration of managers’ ownership and increasing the number of non-commissioned board members can improve productivity.

The water crisis is one of the most important issues in the near future in Iran, which threatens the lifes of humans and animals. This crisis is more than the result of the lack of water resources; it is the result of unfavorable water governance in Iran, which has brought it to the border of warning. Hence, the purpose of this research is to design a policy-making model for the country's water resources to improve the productivity of this industry in the country. This mixed- method research is exploratory in terms of objectives, and fundamental in terms of audience. In the qualitative phase of this research, the theme analysis method and in the quantitative phase, the structural equation modeling method were used. In the qualitative phase, in order to design the research model, interviews were conducted with 19 experienced experts in water resources who were selected purposefully. Based on the findings, 3 governances, policy and operational gaps were identified. Moreover, 10 strategies for water governance were identified. In the quantitative phase, to validate the research model, 189 managers and specialists in the Ministry of Energy were asked for their opinions using a researcher-made questionnaire; the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula, and the sampling procedure was simple random. Finally, the results of the research showed that using the ideal model of governance in water resources management policymaking can be effective factors and can create valuable results in order to improve the productivity of the country's water industry.

The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes independent variables on labor productivity during the period of 2010-2022. The variables examined in this research include per capita physical capital, technology, innovation, education, health care expenses, and life expectancy. The variable index of physical and human capital, respectively, is the calculation of net capital formation on the number of employees and the average years of education, which has a positive effect on labor productivity, as well as the index of the number of articles published in scientific and technical journals as a substitute for the variable of innovation and technology export. Advanced, which is a representative for the technology variable, and the index related to health measurement, which life expectancy and health cost per capita is considered as a substitute for the level of health and health, with its improvement, it increases the level of productivity of the labor force. . The results of the research show that all the variables used in the research have a positive and significant effect on the growth of labor productivity in the group of Islamic countries.

The aim of the current research was to identify the factors influencing the development of the productivity of human capital of the fire department and safety services through sports activities in the metropolis of Mashhad.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of the nature of the research, it is in the category of exploratory research, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. The statistical population of the qualitative part included sports managers of Mashhad metropolis, managers of the fire department and safety services of Mashhad metropolis, professors of sports management and experts in the concepts of human capital productivity. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all the employees of the fire department and safety services of Mashhad metropolis. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative part, foundational data theory and to provide a quantitative model of structural equation modeling with SmartPLS version 3 software.

The findings showed that the effective factors on the development of human capital productivity through sports activities include 47 open codes in the form of 9 concepts and two categories of professional factors and motivational-support factors. Also, the findings of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified items and components explain the effective factors on the development of the productivity of the human capital of the fire department and safety services through sports activities in the metropolis of Mashhad, and the conceptual model of the department Quality confirmed.

The productivity of human resources in the fire department and safety services through sports activities depends on many factors and components. Take action and in the next step, in-service training should be done continuously by the best trainers of Iran.

All efforts of business managers are to achieve productivity. In such a way that the need to increase productivity in organizations for more profitability is inevitable and every year a lot of money is spent on how to increase productivity and promote their business. One of the important and fundamental prerequisites for achieving a business model is its components and indicators in a standardized format. The changes that have come from the internet space have made knowledge flow and be exploited in a faster way in the departments of an organization. In the meantime the knowledge brokers can help to correct and improve the flow of knowledge and fill the information gap between producers and users of knowledge, thereby helping to increase the productivity of organizations and businesses.

Knowledge brokers provide the act of creating, sharing and using knowledge in an organization or between organizations. One of the ways to correct and improve the flow of knowledge is to use knowledge brokers who fill the gap between producers and knowledge users. The unique possibilities of the Internet have led to the emergence of a new form of business, which is now known as Internet business. These businesses have been created by entrepreneurial people with new ideas who have a creative and talented mind. Osterwalder's business model is known as the most common and broad business model canvas. This model is the provider of a common language for describing, visualizing, evaluating, and changing the business model. Productivity is called a method, a concept and an attitude about work and life, and in fact, they look at it as a culture and a worldview. Productivity is the effective and efficient use of inputs or resources for production by providing outputs. The background check shows that so far, many researches have been done in the field of knowledge brokers and internet businesses and the relationship between business and productivity inside and outside the country. On the other hand, studies show that many researches have been conducted abroad on the role and functions of knowledge brokers. This is despite the fact that none of them have analyzed the components and indicators of the internet business model for knowledge brokers with the approach of increasing productivity.

 The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed and exploratory in terms of approach. The research has been done in three stages: to identify the components and indicators of knowledge-based internet business for knowledge brokers using the meta-combination method, to determine the level of agreement of experts using the fuzzy Delphi method, and to determine the importance of each of the components and the calculated indicators were used using the survey-analytical method. In the first stage, the statistical population was 10,617 documents related to the research subject, out of which 65 documents were selected and studied further. In the second stage, in order to confirm the components and indicators calculated from the first stage, the fuzzy Delphi method and a questionnaire (with a 5-point Likert scale) were used in two stages. The statistical population in the second stage was 20 PhD graduates and subject specialists with more than 5 years of experience in the fields of knowledge management, technology management, and business. The snowball method was chosen and 10 of them responded to the questionnaire. In the third stage, in order to determine the priority and importance of the calculated components and indicators, a survey-analytical method was used. The statistical population of the research in the third stage was the number of 155 technology and knowledge brokers under the supervision of the Presidential Vice President for Science and Technology, Iran's National Fan Market and the Nano Technology Exchange Network, who were selected by census method.

 The results of data analysis show the number of 149 indicators under 30 components for Internet business for knowledge brokers in the form of nine components of Osterwalder's business model.

 The results show that knowledge brokers can create an information network between researchers by holding structured joint workshops in a client-oriented and problem-oriented manner, holding seminars and online webinars, etc., and establishing proper communication between the main customers of their business through virtual communication channels. Since the ultimate goal of designing a business model is to create sufficient value for customers, knowledge brokers can attract and retain their customers by providing value propositions such as facilitating decisions and policies through the acquired knowledge. Considering that every business model requires a number of key activities; knowledge brokers can provide their desired services to customers through key activities such as knowledge monitoring and evaluation, etc. One of the goals of every business and organization is to create partnerships with colleagues and key partners; based on this, knowledge brokers can achieve success in their business by establishing partnerships with influential investors, governmental and non-governmental supporting organizations, and influential governmental and non-governmental social organizations. The cost structure in any business is one of its main pillars and you should pay enough attention to its arrangement. This section usually contains two sections of fixed and variable costs. Knowledge brokers can manage the wages of human resources, administrative costs and provision of workplaces and the costs of providing equipment and depreciation in the fixed costs department and managing the wages of experts and researchers for sharing knowledge. Marketing, advertising and holding events and costs of development and maintenance of technology infrastructure in the variable costs department to achieve cost management in their business. The resources needed to run a successful business are called key resources. At first, it is believed that only the initial capital is enough to start a business, but the fact is that before starting any business, identifying key resources is of particular importance. Value proposition, communication with the customer, communication channels, how to communicate with the customer, making money, are all related to key resources. Knowledge brokers can start and maintain their business through key resources such as human, financial, physical and intellectual resources. In order to obtain profit, expenses must be deducted from income. In a business, if we consider the customer part as its heart, the income streams are the arteries of a business. Knowledge brokers through a variety of income models such as receiving commissions/fees from communicating between users and knowledge producers, advertising and receiving charges or royalties in providing consulting services and pricing mechanisms such as considering a base price for knowledge services, price dynamics based on the level of knowledge used and price dynamics based on advertisements, they can manage their business income flow.

 Since every business needs components and indicators to be implemented in the form of a business model, it shows the architecture of a company to create, market, deliver value and earn a stable and profitable income; statistics of internet business components and indicators for knowledge brokers can help to reduce the information gap between researchers, policymakers and decision-makers, governance structures and institutions and supply and demand sector structures and institutions and lead to an increase in interest and be successful in business.

Muda is essentially the antithesis of productivity, referring to anything that causes organizational resource wastage. Organizational resource wastage not only leads to inefficiencies within organizations but also imposes additional burdens and hinders organizational efforts towards productivity. The aim of this research has been to take a step towards reducing waste and resource loss by identifying and categorizing organizational muda. To achieve this, the meta-synthesis method was employed. The initial sample consisted of 90 relevant studies extracted from databases such as Emerald, Elsevier, sciencDirect, Springer, and Wiley. After screening the studies for various criteria including title, abstract, content, and quality, 26 studies remained, the results of which were synthesized. The outcome of this process yielded 65 components of organizational muda, categorized into four groups: individual, organizational, managerial, and occupational factors. Therefore, this study provides a classified understanding of organizational muda for managers to effectively manage these wasteful factors and enhance the productivity of their organizations.

Attention payed to cognitive factors and their use by managers in organizations can play a significant role in improving the performance of individuals and project teams, and as a result, the survival and progress of the organization. This research seeks to identify the effective cognitive factors in increasing the productivity of the technology-oriented project team. This research was a case study on project-oriented teams consisting of professors and researchers located in one of the defense research centers. The method of data collection in this research is semi-structured interview and questionnaire design and distribution. In a Likert scale questionnaire that was designed for the structural equation test method (SmartPLS), the statistical population was asked to quantitatively show the intensity of the influence of the factors on each other. The results of thematic analysis showed that the cognitive factors of the project team in defense research centers include 18 cognitive factors. In this research, to measure and ensure the validity of the questionnaires, the content validity method and the criteria in the structural equation test were used. For this purpose, opinions were sought from 5 experts regarding the structure of the questionnaires, the appropriateness of the way the questionnaires were designed, the clarity of the definitions of the factors used, and the comprehensibility of the questions, and the opinions given were applied in the questionnaires. The method used in this research to check the reliability of questionnaires is the parallel method or the use of peer tests. The results of the calculation of the correlation between the answers, which was done through the SPSS software. Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that cognitive factors will have a positive effect on productivity by 0.90.

The Purpose of This Research is to Determine a Suitable Model for Evaluating the Strategic Thinking of the Studied Employees. In This Research, Strategic Thinking from Global, Competitive, Outsourcing and Privatization Approaches, Productivity, Technological, Knowledge-Oriented, Motivational, Systemic, Intuitive, Innovation and Creativity, Customer-Oriented and Marketing, Thinking in Time and The Focus is on the Goal, and to Evaluate Strategic Thinking, we Can Examine These Dimensions. The Current Research is Survey in Terms of Method, Analytical in Terms of Type and Practical in Terms of Purpose. The Statistical Population of the Research is the Customers of Sadarat Bank Branches in East Azarbaijan Province. The Sampling Method was Clustered and the Sample Size was 200 People Using Cochran's Formula.In Order to Analyze the Data and Information, Descriptive and Inferential Statistical Methods Were Used and For the Statistical Description of the Variables, Frequency Distribution and Central and Dispersion Indices Were Calculated. For the Inferential testing of the Hypotheses, Independent t-Test, Analysis of Variance, Pearson and Multiple Linear Regression Were Used Step by Step and to Perform Calculations Related to Data Analysis, SP Software Package Was Used. SS has Been Used. The Findings of the Research Show that There is a Significant Relationship for the Evaluation of Strategic Thinking with its Dimensions.

The Purpose of this Research is to Investigate Superior Marketing Training Programs on the Productivity and job Commitment of Sales Staff. This is a Semi-Experimental Research with a Pre-Test and Post-Test Design with a Control Group, and the Statistical Population of the Research is Sales Employees of Knowledge-Based Companies in Tehran. 30 People were Selected by the Available Method and were Randomly Replaced in two Groups of 15 People of Superior Marketing Training and Evidence. In Order to Collect Data, the Productivity Questionnaires of Echio Model (1980) and Blau's (1985) Job Commitment Questionnaires were Used. The Analysis of the Research Data was Also Done Through Univariate Analysis of Covariance and LSD Post Hoc Test. The Results of the Research Show That Superior Marketing Training has a Significant Effect on Improving Job Commitment and Productivity of Sales Staff.The Results of Many Researches Focus on the Point that no Society has Developed Unless it has Developed its Human Resources

Banks are the most important financial market institutions in the country that can play an effective role in economic development. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of Sepah Bank branches, located in Tabriz, Iran, using the method of Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA). Another purpose is to investigate the financial imbalance of these branches using the ordinary least squares method. The results of this study indicate that the most efficient branches or the most effective branches are not necessarily in good conditions in terms of productivity. In other words, the efficiency of branches does not necessarily mean their productivity, whereas the most productive bank branches definitely operate at a high level of efficiency and effectiveness. On the other hand, an inverse relationship is revealed to exist between these branches' income-cost imbalance and their productivity.

Knowledge transfer between university and industry is an important driver in innovation and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to design a model for improving productivity in wood industry focusing on the commercialization of university knowledge and ideas. This research was developmental-applicative, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) study with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data, from the targeted snowball technique to the theoretical saturation stage, 17 people were selected as a sample and in order to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative section, a sample of five people was suggested. The validity of the qualitative data of the research was confirmed through continuous observation and review by a colleague and the reliability of these data was estimated to be 89% using the two-coder index method. The validity of the quantitative data was found to be 80% by using the Lawshe content validity ratio and their reliability was 86% using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Conducting the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006), the effective indicators of improving productivity with a commercialization approach toward university knowledge and ideas were identified and then modeling was done using structural-interpretive analysis (ISM). Based on the results of the research, 114 primary concepts were identified including 20 sub-themes and 13 main themes. These indicators were at six levels of the structural-interpretive model consisting of the index of strategic plans at the sixth level, the structure and support management at the fifth level, the development of interaction at the fourth level, the improvement of the educational system, the development of infrastructure and the personal characteristics at the third level, the indicators of modeling, industrialization, motivation, human resources, and attracting the private sector at the second level, and the marketing index was at the first level. Therefore, managers and policy makers need to understand the nature and relationships among the identified indicators in wood industry and apply the necessary measures in this field in order to improve productivity in industries with a commercializing approach toward university knowledge and ideas.

In health care provider organizations (HCPOs), there are several sub-units, simultaneously providing health and preventive services to the population covered, in which measuring productivity is one of the most important challenges for the managers of these organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to provide an integrative approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to monitor the productivity in Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO) as an HCPO. In this study, using the indicators related to efficiency and defining the specialized indicators affecting the performance of the sub-units of this organization, the growth rate of the performance of the sub-units was determined through calculating four distance functions and Malmquist productivity Index. According to the results of this study, 27 specialized indicators in the fields of direct and indirect health and preventive services for monitoring the effectiveness of proposed HCPO have been presented. Also, the growth rate of productivity of the fifteen areas of the organization under study has been evaluated from 2019 to 2021. The innovative aspect of this article lies in the definition of effectiveness measurement indicators and presentation of a theoretical framework for monitoring the rate of productivity in HCPOs. The findings of this applied research in health service organizations can be used to enhance capacity in different areas of health care and save resources.