productivity

The structural and semantic relationship between the compound infinitive and the corresponding simple counterpart missing light verb is one of the topics of interest in the field of grammar and syntax of the Persian language.  This issue is generally based on the assumption that the light verb in the corresponding pair is omitted. This article aims to investigate the syntactic structure of the two constructions so as to evaluate the assumption of the omission of the light verb. Furthermore, it seeks to determine and explain the derivation of the two structures and their probable distinctiveness or correspondence. To this end, the Distributed Morphology approach is employed as the theoretical and analytical approach.  As the roots has no category at the beginning phase of the derivation, the dual or multiple behavior of the lexical units can be explained well. The findings suggest that the syntactic structure missing light verb cannot consider a derived form of the compound infinitive by losing the light verb, but the two constructions are completely different in terms of syntactic derivation. The compound infinitive has followed the steps of derivation according to the suggested pattern and acquires all the nominal-verbal characteristics. This is while the constructions lacking light verbs are actually nominal and of course without verbal characteristics. In this regard, we tried to explain the level of transparency and productivity of these two structures and how to take away the usage limitations through the context.

Sustainable development is considered a function of the education system of each country, so the decision makers of each country should focus on improving the performance of this system. Teachers play the most important key role in improving performance, so increasing teacher productivity levels can lead to better performance of the educational system. This research tries to identify and rank the factors that help to increase the productivity levels of teachers in Ilam city. The current research is applied with a mixed (exploratory) approach. The data collection in the qualitative part is meta-synthesis and the data collection in the quantitative part is using Vicor matrix tool. In the first step, 217 previous researches related to the objectives of the present study were examined using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, and the findings of these studies were aggregated, combined and interpreted in order to develop a comprehensive, new and original picture of the factors affecting Teachers' productivity should be presented. The expansion of the presented model is one of the strengths and innovations of this research. In this research, 39 final codes have been identified and presented in the form of seven dimensions (educational factors, managerial factors, economic factors, individual factors, physical factors, cultural factors, teachers' information updating factors). Factors were ranked. The results show that the greatest effect is related to the factor of teachers' information being up-to-date and the least effect among the seven identified factors is the welfare factor.

The development of human resources can play an important and significant role in adapting organizations to today's changing conditions. The purpose of this research was to design the ideal model of human resources management based on moral values in Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company.

In terms of the research approach, this research is exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative part, the statistical population of this research included experts in the field of human resources management, and 10 people were selected as a sample using theoretical and snowball sampling. The interview tool was semi-structured and finally the data was analyzed by coding method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included the managers and experts of the Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company, who were selected as a sample of 200 people using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The researcher's questionnaire tool was made by the qualitative department and finally the data were analyzed by structural equation method and confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 and PLS 3 software.

The findings of the qualitative part led to the identification of 22 open codes and 5 central codes, and the research model was formed, and the results of the quantitative part showed the appropriate fit of the model.

The results of this research showed that the spirit of jihad, honesty, public interest, moral vision and ultimately moral transformation are effective factors in designing the ideal model of human resource management based on moral values in Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company.

In Recent Decades, Attention To The Psychological Empowerment Of Employees In Educational Organizations In Order To Enhance Efficiency, Effectiveness, And Productivity Has Been A Significant Focus Of Many Researchers. Therefore, The Main Aim And Issue Under Investigation In This Study Is To Explore The Influential Components Affecting The Psychological Empowerment Of Teachers.

Given That This Research Can Inform Decision-Making Related To The Educational System, It Falls Under Applied Research. The Present Study Is Descriptive-Survey In Terms Of Method, Applied In Terms Of Purpose, Cross-Sectional In Terms Of Time Frame, And Quantitative In Terms Of Data Approach. Data Collection Was Conducted In The Field Using A Questionnaire. The Study Population Consisted Of Teachers In District 3 Of Qom, During The Academic Year 1402-1403, With A Sample Size Of 34 Teachers Selected Through Random Sampling. Statistical-Inferential Analysis Was Done Using Spss. The Research Hypotheses Examined The Factors Of Competence, Empowerment, Meaningful Work, And Feedback Based On Age, Education Level, Gender, And Work Experience.Research Tools: To Collect Data, The Spritzer And Mishra Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire Designed By Timornejad Et Al. (2010) Was Utilized. Supervised Training Was Provided To Ensure The Proper Administration Of The Questionnaires.The Data Collected Were Analyzed With A Reliability Coefficient Of 0.95, Indicating Sufficient Reliability For The Empowerment And Performance Assessment Tool.

After Preparing The Questionnaire, On The Day Of School Organization, Where Many Teachers Were Present For Organizing Schools In The Education Department Of District 3, Over 200 Questionnaires Were Distributed. Eventually, 150 Questionnaires Remained Blank, And 50 Completed Questionnaires Were Collected. Among These 50, 16 Were Incomplete And Unusable, Leaving A Total Of 34 Valid Questionnaires For Statistical Analysis. A Total Of 18 Women And 16 Men Responded To The Questionnaire.

Based On The Findings Of This Study, The Hypothesis Of A Significant Competence Difference Between Male And Female Employees In The Organization Is Rejected. The Second Hypothesis, Confirming A Significant And Positive Relationship Between Empowerment And Employee Effectiveness, Is Supported. The Third Hypothesis Indicating A Significant Trust Difference Related To The Age Variable Is Rejected. Moreover, The Fourth Hypothesis Stating A Significant Relationship Between Influential Variables, Autonomy, And Trust Is Confirmed. The Fifth Hypothesis, Indicating Independence Between Gender And Competence, Is Also Confirmed.

The stability of the economy in a safe economic environment affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the economy and preserves it against the shocks to the economy. The education system is facing various economic issues that affect the quality and access to education. This article examines the role and importance of economic security and practical solutions to increase the efficiency of the economy of education, including Iran, by using library studies and analysis of ideas from previous related researches. The proposed solutions include creating coordination between education and the labor market, diversifying financial resources, improving budget allocation processes, increasing cost efficiency, creating incentives for teachers, and developing private sector participation.

A crucial aspect of economic growth intricately linked to demographic changes, particularly age structure, is labor productivity which in turn, is directly influenced by the level of investment in education and health. This article investigates the level and trends of human capital investment in urban Iran and its association with demographic shifts. The National Transfer Accounts methodology was employed to construct private and public education and health consumption age profiles. The Lee-Carter method was then applied to model these per capita rates over time. Our findings reveal that government expenditure on education increased in the early 2010s. However, university expenses primarily remain the responsibility of households. Comparing government and household investments in health and education, we observed that while the government has predominantly focused on education expenses, particularly in recent years, the majority of children's health expenses are borne by households. An inter-cohort comparison further demonstrates that, unlike older cohorts where education costs were primarily borne by households; newer cohorts experience a greater government contribution. Consequently, the findings from the cohort analysis largely corroborate those from the cross-sectional analysis.

The purpose of this research is to develop and validate an appropriate model for measuring productivity with a digital transformation approach in the organizational processes of the education system in Mazandaran province. The qualitative research method utilized content analysis with inductive categorization. Data were collected from 12 experts through semi-structured interviews. Non-random sampling was conducted using the snowball technique to reach theoretical saturation. In the second phase of the research, a quantitative approach purposed at fitting the conceptual model derived from the qualitative phase was employed. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed and distributed to the statistical population. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using statistical analyses. The Cronbach's alpha value was reported as 0.84, indicating the desirable reliability of the tool. The method and analysis tools in the qualitative phase were analyzed and coded using MAXQDA software. Categories were extracted and analyzed inductively. In the quantitative phase, confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. This analysis examined the factor loadings between the questionnaire items and the latent variables. SPSS and LISREL software were used for this purpose.The results of the qualitative section showed that the dimensions of the productivity measurement questionnaire with a digital transformation approach are significant at a level smaller than 0.01 in 5 main components: digital support transformation, digital human resource transformation, digital management transformation, digital software transformation, and digital hardware transformation. In the quantitative section, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor loadings between the questionnaire items and the latent variables were statistically significant, and the model fit indices were at a desirable level. Therefore, it can be stated that the level of realization of the digital transformation approach in the organizational processes of the education system in Mazandaran province is less than the desirable amount. These results show the necessity of paying more attention to the implementation of digital approaches in this organization.

In today’s competitive world, enhancing organizational productivity requires achieving higher output with fewer resources, including reduced workforce, capital, time, and space. Human resource productivity is a primary goal for managers in all organizations and on a broader scale, as human capital is the most critical asset of any organization. With the rapid advancement of technology, understanding the factors influencing human resource productivity has become increasingly important, particularly in organizational management. This study examines the factors affecting the productivity of employees at Sepehr Pasargad Oil and Gas Operating Company. A combination of documentary and survey methods was utilized, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of employees of Sepehr Pasargad Oil and Gas Operating Company, with a sample size of 100 selected participants. The A.C.H.I.E.V.E model was applied to assess the research objectives, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The findings indicate that "organizational support, optimal resource utilization, and organizational commitment" had the most significant impact on human resource productivity, with average scores of 4.39, 4.26, and 3.88, respectively. Conversely, "credibility, environment, and feedback" were found to have lesser impacts. Additionally, the results confirmed that all examined factors have a positive and significant relationship with human resource productivity among employees of Sepehr Pasargad Oil and Gas Operating Company.

This study aimed to identify the applications of virtual reality (VR) technology in training human resources within sports organizations.

The research employed a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. Participants included sports management professors, managers, and experts from sports organizations with relevant educational, research, and practical experiences. The selection criterion was active involvement in human resource training. Based on the theoretical saturation index and purposive sampling method, 13 interviews were conducted. The primary research tool was a semi-structured exploratory interview, and data analysis was performed in three stages of coding.

The research findings indicated several practical applications of virtual reality (VR) in human resources training within sports organizations. These include improvements in training quality, employee satisfaction with training processes, training efficiency and effectiveness, reduction in training costs, mitigation of training risks, and ultimately, enhancement of team interaction and collaboration. These identified applications highlight the potential benefits of integrating VR technology into HR training programs in sports organizations.

Based on the findings, it is recommended that sports organizations consider increasing investment in developing and implementing virtual reality (VR) technologies in their human resources training programs to capitalize on its benefits. Accordingly, the research suggests developing interactive content, simulating real-life scenarios, utilizing advanced technologies, offering comprehensive training, and establishing precise evaluation systems. These measures are proposed to enhance the effectiveness of HR training programs within sports organizations through the integration of VR technology.

This research was conducted to study the role of job insecurity in emotional exhaustion and deviant behaviours in the workplace of tuition physical education teachers.

This applied study was conducted using a survey research method. The statistical population of this research included male and female tuition physical education teachers employed in elementary and secondary schools in Golestan province (N=227). All statistical population members were considered samples, and ultimately, 209 completed questionnaires were collected. The data collection tools of the research included questionnaires on job insecurity (Blotenberg & Richter, 2020), emotional exhaustion (Hills, 2014) and deviant behaviours (Țuclea et al., 2015). Five sports management experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaires. In a preliminary study, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were estimated as 0.77, 0.82, and 0.79 for job insecurity, emotional exhaustion, and deviant behaviours, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively (mean, standard deviation and percentage of variance) and inferentially (structural equation modelling).

The research showed that job insecurity has a positive and significant effect on the emotional exhaustion of tuition physical education teachers. Also, the lack of job security has a positive and significant effect on deviant behaviours in the work environment of tuition physical education teachers. Finally, the positive and significant effect of job insecurity on deviant behaviours in the work environment of tuition physical education teachers with the mediating role of emotional exhaustion was confirmed.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that ignoring the job security of physical education teachers can cause emotional exhaustion over time and increase the possibility of them engaging in deviant behaviours. Therefore, creating a supportive environment for tuition physical education teachers and developing policies regarding changing their status in the Ministry of Education is suggested.

 The research has been carried out with the title of providing a model for assessing the competence of professional managers in government agencies using a descriptive-survey method. The purpose of the research is to identify the effective components in measuring the competence of professional managers in government agencies. The statistical population of the research includes managers of Iranian government agencies. The sample size is based on a relative stratified method from among the staff managers and operational managers of social security and welfare organizations and the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee institution. Through Cochran, there were 384 people and a questionnaire was used to collect information, validity measurement was based on the opinion of experts, and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability, and data analysis was done using spss software, and Colmogrove test was used for inferential analysis of data. Smirnoff was used to determine the normality of the data and independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used. Finally, according to the obtained results, the individual knowledge of managers was determined with 0.803, the individual characteristics of managers with 0.604, and the managerial values of managers. with 0.600 and the personal skill of managers with 0.511 respectively, the first to fourth priorities have been effective in measuring the competence of professional managers in the country's government institutions.

Productivity and competition in manufacturing industries have a vital role in economic growth and development. In each industry, various firms compete with each other and have different productivity level (productivity dispersion). Theoretically, there is a negative relationship between productivity dispersion and competition in an industry. To examine this relationship in the country's manufacturing industries, first, the total factor productivity at the firm level with 4-digit ISIC codes was estimated using the Mollisi and Ravigati method in 2017. Then, productivity dispersion at the industry level with 2-digit ISIC codes was calculated using the Gini inequality index. The competitive behavior of industries at the 2-digit level of the ISIC code was also obtained based on the John Boone index in 2008 as a new method for calculating the size of competition and monopoly for the average period of 2016 to 2020. Then, the relationship between these two variables was analyzed. Finally, the most important findings of the article showed that there is no significant negative relationship between competition and the dispersion of factor productivity in Iran’s manufacturing industries, and they are statistically independent.

This research investigates the effect of financial health and macroeconomic indicators on the profitability, efficiency and productivity of Iran’s banks. The statistical population in this research is private and government banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 20 banks were studied during the period 2013-2021, using the panel data method. The results of the data analysis show that the capital adequacy ratio has a negative and significant effect on the efficiency of the studied banks. Conversely, the quality of the bank's assets, the quality of the bank's management, and the quality of the bank's liquidity have a positive and significant effect on the technical efficiency of the bank. Moreover, the results indicate that interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and GDP per capita, as macroeconomic indicators, have a positive and significant effect on the technical efficiency of the bank. Financial health indicators such as capital adequacy ratio, bank assets, bank management quality and liquidity quality have a positive and significant effect on bank profitability and productivity. Macroeconomic indicators such as interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and GDP per capita affect positively and significantly the bank's profitability and productivity, while the exchange rate shows a negative and significant effect.

The realization of Islamic governance in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran requires a productive government in which institutions and organizations simultaneously increase the use of technological infrastructure and reduce counterproductive behaviors such as social loafing. The research is descriptive from the point of view and from the point of view of applied methodology and it was carried out using a mixed method, in qualitative part of content analysis, interviews with 20 academic and organizational experts, and in the quantitative part of the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method and a questionnaire used. The statistical population of the quantitative part was experts of the Informatics Service Corporation of the Central Bank's technology arm. Maxqda software was used in qualitative data analysis, and SPSS and PLS software and path analysis, regression and structural equations were used in the quantitative part. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis of the research was to achieve 5 dimensions of organization, behavior, management systems, culture and goals/strategy. Utilizing the results of the exploratory model of this research can lead to the reduction of social unemployment in remote working organizations and at the same time increase productivity which is one of the requirements of Islamic governance.

Considering the nature and sensitivity of the current conditions of the country and the necessity of proper exploitation of available facilities and resources, the issue of productivity has been raised as one of the important elements in the development of national power and has been put on the agenda. Various models have been proposed in this field, and considering the necessity of building and exploiting local and Islamic models, the purpose of this research is to present a model of productivity based on the thought of the Supreme Leader Madzaleh Al-Ali. In this regard, this research is qualitative in terms of data type, in terms of applied purpose, and in terms of exploratory method, qualitative and thematic analysis. In order to achieve the model of productivity based on the thoughts of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the messages, statements and orders of His Holiness until the end of April 1403 by searching for the keyword of productivity in the website of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Hazrat Ayat... Azami Khamenei (Madazala Al-Aali) was studied and coded. The findings of the research in the design of the model indicate that the model of productivity in the thought of Moazzam Leh includes 56 indicators, 5 management components, education and culture, energy management, human resources management, basic knowledge, in the form of profit drivers. Productivity and 3 production and service, economic and national components are in the form of productivity consequences.

The purpose of this research is to design the organizational agility model in order to improve the productivity of human resources in Shomal Drilling Company. In terms of purpose, the current research is applicable in the quantitative part, fundamental-exploratory in the qualitative part, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 10 academic specialists, professors and senior managers in the field of human resources and experts in the field of organizational behavior, and sampling was carried out by the theoretical saturation method; and in the quantitative part it includes 2500 people from all employees of Shomal Drilling Company, 333 of whom were selected through the Cochran formula by stratified random sampling method. The research collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Data in the qualitative part analyzed by the coding method and MAXQDA software, and in the quantitative part by SPSS and PLS software. The results in the qualitative section showed that there are 7 components and 52 indicators in the model. The components include 1-causal factors (human and organizational factors); 2- the central phenomenon (organizational agility); 3- strategies (agility strategy); 4- context and facilitator (agility drivers); 5- Obstacles (challenges of human resource management); and 6- Consequences (productivity of human resources). The results in the quantitative part showed that human and organizational factors have an effect on organizational agility, and in this way, it increases the level of the organization's agility strategy and, as a result, the productivity of employees. Also, the results showed that agility drivers and existing challenges in human resource management affect productivity through agility strategy.

Paying attention to the production and productivity of industries can accelerate industrial growth and development while guiding it on a correct and sustainable path. Evaluating production efficiency and striving to improve it play a crucial role in the progress and advancement of industries. This study proposes an innovative approach to evaluate and improve the efficiency of a production line using simulation as the primary tool and also addresses the reengineering of production line processes. The main objectives of this research include identifying bottlenecks in the production process, analyzing production cycle times, evaluating buffer capacities within specified time intervals, and determining the optimal resource capacities required in the factory.

This research examines and models a fully automated production line and provides a systematic framework based on discrete-event simulation. The modeling process was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, rework and separation activities were excluded from consideration, while in the second stage, these details were incorporated into the model. In this phase, real data collected from a case study were applied to the model. To ensure the accuracy of the designed model, the logic of the modeled process was continuously reviewed, and the model's outputs were compared with actual system data. After identifying the factors contributing to reduced production line efficiency, four improvement scenarios were proposed and analyzed using the simulation model. Arena software was utilized to evaluate the scenarios and conduct sensitivity analyses.

The results reveal that incorporating details such as operator break times and downtimes into the simulation model—bringing it closer to reality—reduced the production line efficiency from 80% to 57%. Rework and separation activities also significantly impacted the efficiency. Four improvement scenarios were designed and evaluated within the optimized model. In the first scenario, changes in resource capacities related to the main processes were thoroughly examined, leading to a significant reduction in waiting times in process queues and overall process duration. In the second scenario, reducing the percentage of parts sent to rework and separation resulted in a considerable improvement in production efficiency. The third scenario focused on minimizing process time by determining optimal control variable values, while the fourth scenario aimed to maximize efficiency by optimizing resource capacities. In all scenarios, increasing resources at bottleneck activities, through logical and balanced combinations, significantly enhanced process efficiency. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the practical applicability of the improvement scenarios in real-world conditions.

The findings indicate that discrete-event simulation is an effective tool for managers, enabling them to make informed decisions about improving production efficiency without incurring irreversible costs. Additionally, the results align closely with prior studies that have utilized discrete-event simulation to optimize various organizational processes, further confirming the positive impact of this approach on improving process performance.

The main goal of this research is to provide a model for improving administrative health according to the organizational structure in the Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences Unit, Tehran. This research deals with determining the current state of administrative health in this university, identifying the most important aspects and components of administrative health promotion and evaluating the appropriateness of the administrative health promotion model.

This research is of mixed and applied type. The statistical population in the qualitative part included heads of faculties, professors and public administration specialists, and in the quantitative part it included faculty members and experts in various faculties of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran Research Sciences Branch. In the qualitative phase, dimensions and components of administrative health were identified through library studies and semi-structured interviews. Then, in the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was designed and implemented on 136 people from the statistical sample in order to validate the resulting model.

The results show that the most important factors affecting administrative health in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Research Sciences Unit, respectively, include scientific-research development (β=0.891), organizational culture development (β=0.865), transparency (β=0.771), accountability (β =0.766), ethical orientation (β=0.709), organizational compatibility (β=0.663) and creativity and innovation (β=0.519). Also, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational health and productivity, so that an increase in organizational health leads to an increase in productivity. In addition, a positive relationship was observed between organizational health and managers' creativity.

The results show that the most important factors affecting administrative health in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Research Sciences Unit, respectively, include scientific-research development (β=0.891), organizational culture development (β=0.865), transparency (β=0.771), accountability (β =0.766), ethical orientation (β=0.709), organizational compatibility (β=0.663) and creativity and innovation (β=0.519). Also, the findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational health and productivity, so that an increase in organizational health leads to an increase in productivity. In addition, a positive relationship was observed between organizational health and managers' creativity.