جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "انتخابات مجلس" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

Constitutionalism was a modern idea that influenced the political thinking of Iranians of that era, and influenced the political centers of Kermanshahan as well, and became a public demand that the political activists of this area faced with many difficulties in achieving it. In the post-constitutional period, from 1285 to 1302 H.S, some obstacles challenged the basis of constitutional and parliamentary elections and rendered them ineffective.Method and Research Design: The present study tries to answer the question why the constitution and elections in Kermanshah faced challenges?Findings and

Using a descriptive-analytical method, and through recruiment of sources and documents, the findings of the study were as follows. The Political ignorance of the pillars of power and rulers, scholars, and influential politicians and social leaders who were competing to achieve the triple pillars of whom had national and religious motivations. Salar al-Dawlah’s uprising and the accompaniment of Dawood Khan Kalhor and other Khans and landlords with him and finally World War I were among the most important barriers in establishment of the constitutionalism and parlimentary elections in Kermanshahan province.

The second half of Mordad 1342 (August 1963) marks major developments in the elections for the 21st term of National Consultative Assembly. Upon a request by the Muslim nation of Iran seeking advice from the sources of religious imitation, the ulema issued a fatwa )religious decree( on boycotting the elections. Political groups followed suit due to the disagreeable conditions for them in the society, the arrest of their leaders and the massive suppression of opponent voices. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to study the stance by the clergy and political circles vis-à-vis the 21st term of the National Consultative Assembly elections. The principal question of this paper is: On what basis, do the ulema and political groups boycotted the 21st National Consultative Assembly elections? Evidence shows that the reasons behind such an important decision were the prevalence of an atmosphere of political suffocation and obstruction, illegal behavior of the government, objections made to the Shah’s referendum, the arrest of Ayatollah Khomeini and a number of other senior clerics followed by June 5, 1963 uprising, and lack of freedom for a secure and fair elections. The dissident political groups such as Freedom Movement of Iran, National Front and Toilers’ Party (Zahmatkeshan) followed the clerics’ course of action for the first time in their history and boycotted the elections.

As soon as Muzaffar al-Din Shah issued the command of constitution، attempts were made to establish the new order through the formation of a parliament to represent the Iranian nation. This objective required that the election law be written by a special council. It was called “Supreme Council” or “Supreme Council of the Court”. Lack of research in this regard and the unresolved ambiguities about the council makes one ask why the Supreme Council of the Court was established، who its members were، how they were elected، and what duties it had. This article uses descriptive-explanatory method and taps primary sources to answer these questions. The results suggested thatthe Supreme Council of the Courtpassed the election law، supervised the election process، and، thus، played an important role inIran’stransitionto a constitutional regime.