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Dealing with "people" in a new meaning that indicates their important position and role in the political and social arena with the beginning of constitutionalism and can be seen clearly in the opinions of prominent thinkers such as Naini. This emergence and manifestation of thought in a new format In a way, it is considered to be in the relationship with the modern world. But the issue that exists about Naini in general and his opinion about the position of people in particular are two different views; the first view considers Naini as a thinker whose views are He considers the role and position of people to be the same as the modern world; And the second point of view considers Naini as a religious scholar of new thinking, who based on the principles and foundations of thought in Iran (Iranian-Shiite Islam), according to the conditions and requirements of the time, proposed a new idea about the role and position of the people. In the first point of view He understood the modern world and in the second point of view it is just an alignment and he did not understand the essence of the modern era. In this article, the ratio of Naini's opinions about the people with the principles and foundations of the modern state is investigated using a descriptive-analytical method.

The nature of political nationalism as a doctrine has a close relationship with the whole nation-state.
The beginning of king reza s shah monarchy meant atransition from theoretiocal modern king reza s kingdom a set of beliefs were proposed by thinkers and politicians of the time.
Later on these beliefs became the basis of the policies of ethnic nationalism and stablishing nation of reza khan s era. Ethnic nationalism can exist in government – nations that its nation has been constituted from an ethnic group.
In this process the policies of reza khan s modern state placed an effectine influence on Iranian national identity.
This article with analytical description method is specifying the role of nes government on ethnic groups.
Analyzing the documents show that the situathin of iran at the beginning of king reza s reigh helped to from a kind of extreme nationalism.
The altimate aim was to create a united country with one nation and language which wad in line with the national identity

Iran’s new historical conditions in the age of Qajar reign, having been caused by the Iranians’ confrontation with the modern civilization, changed the perception of ideologues of the situation specially of the weakness and power of political sovereignty was gradually, proposing different models to exit the Qajar absolute monarchy from the position of weakness and inefficiency. However, finally, it was the idea of ‘Constitutional Monarchy” which was converted into the final political project of Iranian political modern thinkers to convert the absolute monarchy into the modern state. By using historical research methodology and applying the causative and rational elaboration, this research is an attempt to tackle this question: “Why did the idea of ‘Constitutional Monarchy” became a practical strategy of Iranian political modern thinkers allowing them to change Qajar independent empire into the modern state?” The results of this research show that the defeat of the plan to establish a regulated absolute monarchy , caused by different views and practices of the governmental administrators at Naseri and Mozafari ages, and effective oppositions of the traditional elements of the state and society against the upper reforms which are in agreement with modern civilization models, and the trend of daily weakness of Qajar absolute reign at Mozafari age, all made the modern thinkers who used to emphasize on the necessity of law to administrate the government at modern age to move towards the model of modern state resulting from the will of the nation and put forth the model of Constitutional Monarchy at public level as a final strategy to establish the modern state.

Political participation based on national loyalty of the ethnic and religious minorities residing in a country is one of the fundamental pillars of the communities being politically developed. Though the grounding for modernity growth and the entry of the essential concepts related thereto was set during the period of Reza Shah, but, practically, the Pahlavi state stood far away from achieving political development bearing the participation of the entire clans and ethnicities and the groups living in this territory. The current research paper tries to adjust the modernism theories and modern government with Iran’s status so as to criticize the centrism tendencies of the Pahlavi’s modern government. It seems that in communities based on ethnic and tribal minorities, such a condition makes achievement of modern development impossible, and forces the modern state to use the mandatory and controlling practices to restrain these minorities in order to implement the goals and objectives desired.

Before the advent of constitutionalism, social and economic insecurity, legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided discontent for the Iranian merchants’. By this time, the merchants had gained a thorough familiarity with the West through the advocation of theoretical basis of the Western thought by the intellectuals and the newspapers. The merchants participated in the constitutional revolution and took part in the first Majlis in which they tried to pass laws to ensure liberty for all citizens, public participation in the political affairs of the country and government transparency. In this paper it has been tried to examine the Role of merchants in these development based on the available documents.