جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ملی شدن صنعت نفت" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

Compilation and Implementation of the first and second development programs can be considered as the period of formation of program-oriented development thinking and creation of planning institution in Iran. This period coincided with the unstable political and social conditions in Iran. The process of nationalization of the oil industry started before the first development program and its law was approved during this program. Although the consequences of the nationalization of the oil industry continued for many years, its most direct impact was on the implementation of the first and second development programs due to its simultaneity. Considering the fluctuations of access to oil revenues and the existence of two completely different experiences of embargo (in the first program) and lifting of the embargo (in the second program), the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the approval of this law and its consequences on the implementation of the first and second development programs. This research is qualitative and has been carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, and official documents and statistics have been used to collect information. The results showed 1. The nationalization of the oil industry caused embargo and lack of access to financing sources of the first plan, which led to the complete non-implementation of the first development plan. 2. Removal of embargo and improvement of oil revenues during the implementation of the second development program has been one of the main factors of the relative success of this program.

Iran's strategic position has always been the focus of world powers; But in the twentieth century, with the discovery of oil and the exploitation of vast oil reserves, this attention doubled. Especially since the Allies, such as Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States, sought to gain access to this vast resource and, by concluding various contracts, amassed vast fortunes. Therefore, one of the significant issues in the field of contemporary history of Iran, especially since the time of the Constitution, is that with the establishment of the parliament as a legislative body in the country, this institution to counter the policies of the ruling system, what is its reaction in It was equal to events such as the oil industry and oil contracts. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of the 14th National Assembly in the nationalization of the oil industry, and the main question is how the 14th National Assembly and the oil negotiations prepared the ground for the nationalization of the oil industry? The findings of the present study show that after the dictatorship of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the National Assembly came closer to its real position from the fourteenth period onwards and the deputies were able to move in a relatively open political atmosphere in the face of important events in the country, including the crisis, Oil concessions and alienating the Allies from it, to take a free stand.

The preparation of the first seven-year development plan and its implementation by the adoption of the Law of "Permission to Implementation of the Rules of Procedure of the Program Commission Report" by the legislative assembly on February 26, 1927, was the beginning of the application of economic planning in Iran. During the first days of the first development plan, simultaneous with the nationalization of the oil industry, there were political and economic crises in the country. Since the primary purpose of the first seven-year plan was to direct oil revenues to the country's development plans, it had a direct impact on the first seven-year plan and was one of the most important causes of the recession in the first development plan. On the other hand, oil revenues accounted for only 37.14% of the cost resources of the first plan. Besides assessing the success of the oil-free economy plan of Mosaddegh’s administration, the realization of other sources of cost of the first plan could prevent this plan from recession. So this question arises that in addition to the crisis of nationalization of the oil industry, what other factors have contributed to the recession of the first plan? The present study historically and with the analytical-explanatory approach reviews analyzes and evaluates the hypothesis of the disconnection of the main initiator of planning in Iran and the involvement of the political factors in the planning organization which caused the first program to the recession. The findings of the present study suggest that Abu-Alhassan Ebtehaj’s collusion with the instigators of the coup, on Mordad 28th, the abandoning of his constructive role in the country’s planning system during Mosaddegh’s office-when the planning system was getting established in Iran-and the intervention of political factors in the planning job are among the overlooked reasons behind the failure of the first development plan.

Iran and Egypt could consider as the main pioneers struggling against colonization in the Middle East and Islamic world in the first half of the twentieth century. Mohammad Mosaddegh and Jamal abd al_nasir, as pioneers of independence-seeking, by leading anti-colonization and liberal movements of their nation introduced a new form of struggle against colonization that eventually became an appropriate model for other leaders and colonized societies. Comparative comparison and considering the role and position of leaders of the two countries, paying attention to struggle method and their impact on each other, is the fundamental approach of the leading research, which is considered by historical comparison method using library resources. The present study seeks to answer the question of what was the most obvious difference and similarity between Dr Mohammad Mosaddegh and Jamal abd al_nasir encountering colonization? Research findings indicate that despite the difference in social and class origins of leaders of the two movements, i.e. Dr Mosaddegh with the parliamentary origin and Jamal abd al_nasir with the military origin, both had common goals and methods to struggle against colonization in the form of anti-alien nationalism, but to achieve this goal, they took different approaches dealing with the system of domination, as their policy at regional and international level has reflected in various forms such as Mossadeghchr('39')s negative balance and positive neutrality and Arabic unity of Nāṣir.

Iranian Parliament passed the law regarding Nationalization of oil in March 15, 1951. This event had a great impact on domestic, regional, and international conditions of the oil-rich countries. Thus, in Iraq, parties and political groups and a number of parliamentary representatives called on Nuri al-Said government to propose a national oil industry law to be approved by the government. The British statesmen planed a new strategy regarding the oil privileges in order to confront the impact of Iran’s movement in Iraq. This research examines the question of how Iran’s nationalization movement had an impact in Iraq. The working hypothesis is that the nationalization of oil in Iran, and the weakening of the royal power and tension in Iran-West relations gave a strong motivation to the confrontation of the royal power and western colonialism

The relation of Pan-Iranist Party and the National Front of Iran until 1953 Iranian coup d'état is of great importance in its periods of activity. This relation can be examined at two different levels: the obvious and pervasive support, and the opposition and separation. In the first period, the Pan-Iranist Party supported the objectives and activities of the National Front party, particularly the nationalization of the oil industry. In the second period, this support changed into opposition and even confrontation. The backgrounds and reasons of this political behavior are different and influenced by two ideals of nationalism and kingdom of the Pan-Iranist Party. Participating in protests, Conflicts with the Tudeh Party, Articles published in newspapers and magazines party. In this course, support Changed the opposition and even Conversion the clash. And Its expression can be traced in the developments leading to the 1953 Iranian coup d'état. The key question is what is the different political context and the reason for this behavior? The backgrounds and reasons of this political behavior are different and influenced by two ideals of nationalism and kingdom of the Pan-Iranist Party. Nationalism is the Aspect of common political affinity and the fate of Iranian ancient royal tradition led by the National Front when faced with the threat of removal, Spot the difference between the two flows together. Other important issues also played a role in the spread of differences between political behavior of doctor mossadegh in dealing with the opposition, particularly the Tudeh Party, Activity governments of Britain and America, inner issues such National Front as the relationship between doctor Mossadegh's and Ayatollah Kashani.

Iran‘s contemporary history (1951-1953) for different reasons is profited from high importance. from important aspects this period is nation ‘s movemont of iran for oil nationalization and U.S.A ‘s reaction against that.the essay wants to investigate factors that cause to change U.S.A ‘s approach against nationalization of oil industry and dr. Mosadegh ‘s government. by emphasis on national profits of U.S.A. In spite of sayings, fear of increasing power of communism in iran is not considered as the main factor of changing U.S.A‘s policy,but the basic factor in changing U.S.A ‘s approach toward dr.. Mosadegh ‘s government has been the position of Iran’s sharing in oil resources.