جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ibn muqla" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

In the tradition of calligraphy education, which is still alive, the students learn the twelve theoretical components as a basis for the practice. These components are sometimes considered wrongly as principles. A survey on historical sources about caligraphy shows that the concept of the principles in the sense of "twelve components" is recent: the interpretation of the principles has been altered over the course of history. The concept of principles had a general sense and a specific sense, by the way even its components were variant. From the 10 century AD onwards, the general sense of principles got fixed as  Ibn Muqla's geometric principles; and after the middle of the 14 century AD, the specific sense, i.e. the comprehensive set of other components of calligraphy, emerged. During this century, ʿAbdallāh Ṣayrafī presented its eight calligraphy components, but in Tuḥfat al-moḥibbīn, the other treatise on the subject, the components were six. Finally, in the 16th century AD, the twelve components were introduced in the Adab al-mashq by Bābāshāh Isfahānī.

With the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate and their political stability, the Abbasid caliphs made a great effort for encouraging the artists and the spreading of art in various fields. The Abbasid ministers, who were skilled calligraphers, paved the way for the organization of administrative writing lines in the Dar al-Khalafah, and in the shadow of their attention and the reduction of the economic concerns of the artists, prominent calligraphers emerged in this era. This study aims to investigate the influence of the ministers of the Abbasid court in the development of calligraphy from the rise of the Safachr('39')ah caliphate to the end of Al-Radhi caliphate (1329-329 AH) by reviewing the historical texts. The obtained results indicated that the ministers of this era were often appointed from among the court scribes and by having political power and economic support for calligraphers and their training, they provided the grounds for the creation of delicate and original lines in the third and fourth centuries AH. The research method is a descriptive-analytic study organized based on historical texts.