جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "social changes" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

The formation of the Umayyad caliphate and then the Abbasid revolution as well as the establishment of the new caliphate resulted in profound changes in the political, social and cultural organization of Iranians. The continuation of the life in the Iranian element in these periods and their efforts to continue the most important cultural and identity foundations are among the very serious questions that answering or giving any explanation to make them clearer -in these first years of confrontation between Iranians and Muslim Arabs- is considered a difficult matter. A contemplation on the political, social and cultural situation of the Kurds, at the same time as the Umayyads came to power until the end of the first period of the Abbasid caliphate, can be seen as a mirror of the Iranians in this period. In this research, an attempt is made to analyze the political situation of Kurds and Kurdish cities -inside or outside the traditional borders of Iran- at the same time as the Umayyad caliphate came to power until the first period of the Abbasid caliphate. Also, the main question should be answered: How the Kurds reacted in facing the various changes of this era.The most important hypothesis of this research is the attempt to better explain the statement that "the situation of the Kurds and Kurdish cities in this period was dependent of the majority of Iranians situation under the rule of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs. Mountainous geography where the Kurds live and the lack of access and control of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate over this region, made there as a suitable place for the activities of the opponents of the caliphate.

The emergence of photography and filming industry during the Qajar era and documentation of many different developments of that period have provided researchers of contemporary history of Iran with many credible, genuine and coincident documents. So many untouched and lesser studied subjects are covered in the photographs or films which could be examined with diverse point of views and also fulfill the gap of evidence about certain historic events. For example, based on the photographs and documentaries of the Qajar era, the current researchers could infer certain innovative ideas in many subjects including: the clothing of Iranian ethnic groups, architecture and structural designs, the changes occurred in the condition of the historical monuments since Qajar time, details of certain important historic events such as Constitutional Revolution, the origins of some immigrant tribes to Iran, distinction in the social state of affairs since then and so on. In particular, the photographs and films are capable to represent the actual circumstances compared to the paintings and depictions of the artists; subsequently the researcher could employ the photographs and films of that period to re-evaluate the questionable historical issues or their details. In particular, regarding the subjects and structures which have changed so far, e.g. historical monuments, the significance of the primordial photographs and films are exceptional and unique to study the transformation of a monument or an archeological or historic site. In this paper, considering the variety of the mentioned topics and diversity of the photographic documents, I have intended to evaluate and represent novel historic outlook via observing certain important photographs of the Qajar period displaying much of aforementioned information.

The aim of this article is that Afzal -ul-Mulk method and attitude in the historiography was discussed with the respect to his lived experience. We want to lived experience the historian are reflected in another form in the sphere of historiography. The Center of this lived experience is the transitional period that puts him in a limbo. Since he living in the beginning of the change, domination of the new lived experience that constitution is a symbol of its, is not evident. And hence it can be said that Afzal -ul-Mulk is involved between the two traditional and modern life world and feedback of this problem is evident in its writing, So sometimes conflicting concepts using like " tyranny" and "constitutional" and "Peasant" and "nation" and in the various positions of writing tend to find to one of those two. He lived due to breathing in the modern life world that is associated with the formulation of "Public Sphere " , different writing creating than the historiography of his several decades ago. Therefore, the basic themes of his writing takes paradoxical nature by the transition period. And this paradox show off in some positions in the field of defense and thinking of the past and in some other positions on the field side of the new system and puts its readers in a dualism .

The impact of the emersion of oil to South Oil: A Case Study of Gachsaran( 79- 1953 / 57- 1332)gachsaran one of the largest oil fields in south-western Iran. The next area of Masjed Soleiman and Haftkel in 1307/1928 with the discovery of oil in the country's third largest oil field. Start commercial exploitation of the oil field in 1319/1940, and links to the oil industry, the region turned to the oil town. The study and explain the impact of economic and social development of the gachsaran procedure is the oil industry. gachsaran looks with the development of the oil industry in the years 1335/1956 onwards, various changes in the social and economic dimensions in the region is created. This descriptive study and analysis of statistical data shows that oil discovery and the formation of clear impact on economic and social changes in gachsaran , such as the development of infrastructure, changing demographics, the rise of a new class, the transformation of living and immigration status have .With the development of the oil industry during this period of social change, economic results, the gachsaran one of the most important and influential cities in the northern Persian Gulf and the southern oil region has become.

Subsequent to the departure of Prophet Mohammed PBUH, the Islamic community experienced the extended social changes particularly in regard with value and it reached up to its highest point in Muawiyah era -41 to 60 After Hijrah. This incident could be investigated in many aspects. Through the sociological and documentary view, the present writing has tried to investigate the historical data compiled via the library research. The findings of this research reveal that through the misusing, the ignorance of people as well as taking the dictatorship and plotting strategy, Muawiyah as the first Umayyad ruler could devastate the sanctity of divine values and subsequently relying on the invented beliefs he could revive the sects like moarji’ah and jabriyah and provided the ground for their again governing. Keeping the historical view and sociological approach, the article concludes that the tragedy of Ashura in 61 after hijrah was considered the main consequence of these social changes.