جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "the united kingdom" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

World War II led Iran to engage in global events unwittingly and occupied by the three powers; but with the end of the war and the non-evacuation of the Soviet forces from Iran, the Cold War first sparkles were struck between the two ideological poles, the Soviet Union and the United States. While the USSR sought to obtain Iranian north petroleum, by pressure, stood in front of the United States with the policy of preserving Iran on the front of the Western countries, against the Soviet Union. Though in many researches United States ultimatum has been referred, as the main source, to the Soviet Union for evacuation of Iran, but the study shows that such ultimatum has no historical validity; Therefore, the question is that the US with using what tools and tactics, were able to carry out its goal of expelling the Soviet Union from Iran and maintain Iran on the liberalism front. To answer this question, using a historical method based on description and analysis, tried to answer by examining US State Department documents. The findings show that US by using two types of international instruments, such as the Security Council and the alliance with the UK, and domestic instruments such as cooperation with the Shah and the National Parliament, tried to restrict USSR in Containment policy.

The use of the ban on exile during the Qajar period was used to dispose of the influential person from the center. The princes and dwinnians were from this group of exiles. Meanwhile, the exile of the constitutional era is an exception. Because on both sides of the constitutional and oppositional constitutional movements they were seeking change in political construction, therefore, the purpose of their exile was to punish them, and not just to escape from Tehran. Meanwhile, the exile of the transition from the Qajar to Pahlavi, which included the exiles of the World War, the 1919 opposition and the 1299 coup opponents. The aim of the article is to examine the issue of exile during the transition from Qajar to Pahlavi and also to compare the state of exile in this period with the first period of Qajar. The method used in this research is the historical analysis method and the tools used are archival documents and main sources. The findings of this study indicate that exile is during the transition from the Qajar to the other side of the Qajar era. The exile climate, remoteness from the center, the control of the exiles, the exodus of the exile group and the diversity of the social groups of the exiles, as well as preventive exile, are specific elements of exile in this period that are not seen in the previous period. Deportation abroad as well as the interference of Russian and British governments in the exile of Iranian nationals will begin in this period.

The holding of free elections is one of the most prominent characteristics of democracy in today's world. The third paragraph of Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, “the will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections". Hence, the parliament and the way of conducting the elections of the parliament in one country play a decisive role in the will of the people of a country. The main purpose of the present study is to comparatively examine the methods of holding and monitoring parliamentary elections in Iran and in the United Kingdom. The other objective of the present study is to consider the types of monitoring in Iran and the interpretation of the Guardian Council of the concept of monitoring. The findings of the present study show that the characteristics upon which the organizers of Iran’s elections rely are general, vague, and entirely controversial features which are interpreted differently in each term, and always leave room for ‘buts’ and ‘ifs’. In the UK legal system, however, contrary to Iran, the United Kingdom's jurisdiction and monitoring authority does not, in view of the objective nature of the criteria, create the problems that govern the Iranian electoral system.

After the death of Nadir Shah there was a great disturbance. Karim Khan was successful to dominate most areas after several years of tension over Iran.Mir Mohanna could be the ruler of Bandar Reeg by using the the status quo. Unlike the other rulers who were united with Karim Khan Zand, he revolted against Karim Khan. Zand troops attacked Bandar Reeg to suppres him and captured Mir Mohanna. After freedom and coming back to Bandar Reeg, Mir Mahna destroyed commercial office and England Castle and expel all English from Bandar Reeg. This event led forces to attack Bandar Reeg again. Karim Khan failure in repression of Mir Mahna caused him to sign a contract with England. According to this contract, Kharg Island was awarded to England if Mir Mahna failed.This study deals with issues of conflict between Karim Khan and Mir Mohanna. It also studies the conflicts between Mir Mohana and foreign companies and the role of foreign governments, particularly England, in repression of Mir Mahna.

The first two decades of the nineteenth century and especially 1820 A.D/ 1235 A. H are quite important in the political history of Persian Gulf. During this time, the Great Britain’s government with the excuse of fighting pirates attacked the southern coast of the Persian Gulf. This act eventually led to signing a contract ,”A General Peace Agreement” , between the communities of the southern coast of Persian Gulf sheikhs and England. As a result of this contract, the British gained dominance over the region and consequently the rights and sovereignty of Iran in the area were ignored. The Great Britain created a political base in the coast and such organizations led to the development of new Islamic countries in Persian Gulf. The present study attempts to investigate the grounds upon which the General Peace Contract (1820 ) came to existence; as well as the aims followed by the British government and how Iranian government reacted on the issue and its consequences.