جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « tourists » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Kashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and after Isfahan city, it is the largest city in this province. Kashan city also has many historical and cultural monuments due to its old age. Kashan, which is seven thousand years old, is the birthplace of one of the oldest human civilizations called Silk. The people of this civilization were the first to settle together. Kashan was introduced as a communication and commercial city because it is located in the center of Iran, and in all periods of history, this city has seen many ups and downs. But the turning point for this city can be called the Safavid period. During this period, Kashan was considered the residence of the Safavid kings, and because this city was located on the way to the capital of Iran, Isfahan, many tourists visited this city.Keywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh Fin

Isfahan was the arena for the emergence of Artistic effort of Architects, during the capital of the Safavid dynasty. Many of the scholars believe that this effort have been able to create such beautiful and meaningful works that, have excited the admiration of Iranian and non-Iranian audiences, in different periods. Among the people who described the beauty of these works, were tourists who visited these buildings from the 10th to the Pahlavi era and wrote their aesthetic experiences in their Travelogue. So, one of the most important sources for Reaching the beauty components in these works of art is the descriptive reports of these tourists, which can help us to better understand the architectural beauty of that era. The aim of this research is to study the beauty components of architecture of the Safavid era from foreign tourists’s Viewpoint. In this regard, this research has selected the five important buildings of the Safavid era of Isfahan as a research sample, and, using a historical interpretation method, that with library documents, explores the elements of the architecture of the Safavid era. The results of the interpretations indicate that the components such as, astonishment, admiration, magnificence, thinking and logic, order and attention to the ornamentation are the common points that tourists have expressed about the studied examples.

The European tourists who came to Iran during the Safavid era, by recording their memories and observations and writing travelogues, introduced and transmitted the culture, science, art, character, behavior, manners and habits, lifestyle and scientific and civilizational heritage of Iranians. They played an important role in European societies and created a kind of, Iranian studies discourse in the West. By traveling and staying in Iran, by observing, investigating and researching, contacting and talking to people and knowledgeable people, and accessing written sources of Iranian history, these tourists have provided useful information about Safavid Iran to their countrymen and made them familiar with the name, prestige and greatness of Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ratio of European tourists with the category of Iranology based on travelogue information and in a descriptive-analytical method, and it raises the question of what role European tourists of the Safavid era played in the development of , Iranian studies? The findings of the research show that various aspects of Iran's civilization were reflected in the travelogues of these tourists and introduced to Europe. From this point of view, tourists have played an important role in the category of Iranian Studies in the West and its expansion. Their reports have been effective in encouraging Europeans to visit Iran and write travelogues, which is an important step in the growth of Iranian studies among Europeans

During the Qajar era, a large number of foreign tourists visited Iran and recorded their observations from this country and wrote about it. It is very important to study and recognize the obstacles, limitations and problems they face when attending Iran and conducting research activities at that time. In this research, using the diaries and travelogues of these tourists and using the method of descriptive-analytical research, we have sought to find answers to these questions: What are the obstacles and difficulties for foreign tourists in understanding Iranian society in the Qajar era? To what extent could these obstacles and restrictions affect the process of activities and goals of these tourists? The research hypothesis is based on the fact that the obstacles, problems and limitations that foreign tourists have faced in Iran, have had a great impact on the process of understanding their society, history and culture. Findings show that various factors such as unfamiliarity with the Persian language, environmental influences, cultural-religious limitations, lack of road facilities and travel difficulties, insecurity, the prevalence of diseases, And time and space limitations have been of the most important obstacles, limitations and difficulties of foreign tourists, which has had many negative effects on the knowledge of Iranian society, history and culture in the Qajar era.

Adam Olearius (1599AD) is one of the most famous German tourists who resided as secretary and adviser of ambassador one year and a half in Iran. In his travelogue, he talked about various information and data the present paper tries to offer the implications of Iranian economy and markets from the view of Olearius travelogue. Safavid era is a boom era of Iranian markets. In Safavid era, the social and cultural functions of market were very important because market was not only for trade and commerce but as the most important city's highway, it places some of the important cultural and social urban elements such as Jameh mosque, religious schools, a Sufi monastery, public bath and etc. in itself and it was also connected with the administrative and governmental centers. Consequently, it was considered as the most important axis of relationship in the city's economic and social life. In Olearius travelogue, the most important and basic performance of markets is their economic performance considered as one of the important sources for recognition of the economic characteristics of Iranian community and the present paper tries to study the economic picture, market and income of the Iranian people in Safavid rea from the viewpoint of Olearius.