جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « راه آهن » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

This study aims to analyze the process leading to the Reuter concession, along with its historical context, outcomes, and the factors contributing to its cancellation. After a brief introduction, this article examines the historical circumstances surrounding the concession's issuance before scrutinizing the application process and key terms of the concession itself. The concluding section discusses the most significant criticisms and objections, ultimately resulting in the Iranian government's decision to annul the concession. Research findings indicate that Iranian policymakers, acknowledging the nation's deficiency in expertise and capital for modernization, sought foreign investment through economic concessions to propel Iran's modernization efforts. The Reuter concession, a result of such endeavors, was granted to a British national named Reuter, with active involvement from Mirza Hossein Khan Sepehsalar. However, the concession's cancellation ensued due to opposition from Russia, the British government's reluctance to intervene, Reuter's failure to secure adequate capital, and objections from Iranian protests.

The expansion of Iran's relations with the West and the increase of the Iranians' awareness of the scientific and technical achievements of Western countries during the Qajar period caused the tendency of many enlightened thinkers and journalists to acquire new technologies. One of these Western countries was the United States, which was moving rapidly in the direction of development and progress. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the progress of America in the field of rail and railway industry, its reflection in the thought of the reformers of the Qajar period and its consequences in Iranian society, for the first time, implementing a descriptive-analytical method and using unpublished works and documents. The question is, despite Iran's desire to model American railways, what causes and factors prevented the investors of this country from entering Iran. The findings of the research indicate that although Iranians were familiar with railways through Europe from the Nasser period, the significant quantitative and qualitative development of the American rail network and trains drew the attention of the Iranian press to this country. In such a way that soon America was considered as the only model for the creation and development of railways. The current research also shows how Iranian statesmen tried to acquire this new technology, negotiating with the country's ambassadors and sending a special representative to America during the Mozafaruddin Shah period and trying to conclude a contract. Although these efforts failed for various reasons, it revealed the importance of the railway to Iranians more than ever.

The national railway of Iran was built during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. The launch of this huge project brought with it consequences; Part of these consequences is related to the presence of engineers, carpenters and foreign buildings for many years, and the other part is the result of the formation and operation of railway organizations. During the construction of the railway, several hundred engineers, builders, carpenters, etc. came to Iran from Europe and lived in Iran for several years. The remains of the church, the workers 'mausoleum, the telephone exchange and the engineers' residence building are part of the legacy of the founding of the railroad, in which European footprints can be seen. On the other hand, the changes that the construction of the railway made in the population and residential centers of northern Iran and caused the formation of cities and settlements. In addition, part of the railway structure, such as the Versailles Bridge, the Three Gold Lines and the Gaduk Tunnel, are so unique that today they can be considered as historical monuments. The purpose of this study is to look at the deteriorating condition of historical monuments left by the national railway of Iran. The method of this research is library reviews, archival documents, press reports and oral history. The research question is what are the remnants of the construction of the national railway of Iran that have heritage and historical value and what is their current situation.

This article deals with the technical schools concerning railways during the years 1928 - 1941 and discusses the necessity of these institutions and the role they played in the human sources training in the railway industry. The hypothesis of the study is that because of policymakers such as Ali Akbar Khan Davar, who emphasized of National Economy as a precondition of National State, the railway was a very important issue in the formation of the National Economy. Thus in respect of the development of this industry, the human source training via exclusive schools was a topic mean at that time. Apparently, the Friedrich List economic viewpoints, directly or indirectly, had a great role in this regard. The main question of this article is: what role did the technical schools play in the development of Trans-Iranian railways? According to sources of this article such as the exclusive journals of railway admiration, the acts of Parliament, unpublished records, and published books, this study tries to respond to that question.

The first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern reforms took place in agriculture and industry and also the rural cultural landscape changed a great deal. The evolution of rural cultural landscape was influenced by various factors. Research findings indicate that modernization of agriculture, creation of railways, industry, and especially fisheries and rural migration which were influenced by various factors, were the most important components of evolving rural cultural landscape during the first Pahlavi era.

Trade relations between countries are linked to various intra-regional and global political factors. Because the events of the world are influenced by the smallest and most distant decisions made around the world. This is also true of the economic relations of neighboring countries such as Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan in the 1340s, 1350s / 1960s and 1970s. In an era when bipolar world conflict had a profound effect on these areas. Documents show that the Iranian government, after gaining relative political-economic peace at this time, was seeking new approaches to foreign markets and the country's transit routes to the eastern borders. Trade and trade with Europe was not very innovative for Iran and did not help the country's nascent industries. Therefore, plans were made to expand Iran's trade to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east of the country.

This study raises the question of what was the Iranian government's plan to redirect the country's trade and transit eastward? Historically he has studied and analyzed the documents of foreign and commercial relations of Iran during these two decades.

Preliminary studies indicate that trade deals with eastern neighbors were primarily focused on the oil issue, but since these countries had a common market with other commodities with Iran. In the later stages, Iran's focus on the transit of goods increased. The reopening and creation of new trade routes that somehow returned to Iran's historic past as a route for east and west trade convoys....

The idea of building railroad in Iran created in middle of 19th century. In later decades some foreign companies and investors stated some designs for building railroad in Iran and some of them took advantages of Iran government for those designes includes consessionary agreement and contractd. Also some Iranian progressives and modernists emphasized the necessity and immediacy of railroad existence. They even wrote a few essays about this subject. In spite of these issues Iran couldnt realize these ideas and wishes until Reza shah period. This article tries to state an explanation about above mentioned arguments and investigate the reaons why Qajar government couldnt be successful in performing building railroad ideas.

After the Europeans presented the idea of constructing railroad in Iran in the era of Nasseri, some Iranian scholars considered the issue and not only defined the necessities, advantages, and the way the work should be done but also made a direct relation between railroad and progress and development of the Iranian society, in their plans and thoughts. The relation between the railroad and progress mentioned in the written records of these scholars is an issue that is studied in with an analytic method in this article, taking advantage of the works and plans left behind by scholars in Akhtar newspaper, texts and documents. Finally, the Question “what role did the Iranian scholars define for the railroad in entering the era of colonialism?” is answered.

This article analyzes Morteza Gholi Khan Sani-al Dolle’s economic and industrial thoughts and practices. Sani-al Dolle studied in germany and upon his return to Iran in Nasse-al Din Shah’s time tried to put his scientific knowledge in practice to improve his country’s industry both theoretically and practically. Reflecting on the weaknesses and backwardness of the country, he expressed his economical thoughts based on his country’s basic needs. In his article called the Path to Deliverance the explained the advantages oh the railway for the country and as the finance minister he showed the way to provide its expenses. He is the founder of industrializing Iran and the wisest and greatest thinkers of the reformation of financial system in his own time. He is also one the pioneers of the development and advancement of Iran for its national and cultural independence.