جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Disease » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

The era of Seljuk of Kerman, especially at the same time as the rule of some of its statesmen, is one of the important eras that this country has gone through. The government was established by the arrival of the Seljuk King Qavurt in Kerman around 442 AH and continued after him among his successors until around 583 AH. During this period, the Seljuk rulers and their agents brought changes in various political, economic, social, and cultural fields of Kerman. But what will be specifically analyzed in the present study is examining the diseases of the sultans of this regime and the treatment methods used by the doctors of this era. The present study, using the method of argumentation and historical logic, aims to briefly introduce the Seljuk government of Kerman in the first step, and in the second and most important step, the diseases that penetrated the Seljuk court and the treatment methods of the court physicians, to cure these diseases, to analyze In this regard, various historical and medical sources, as well as new research in the form of books and articles, were used. The findings of this study indicate that the doctors in the Seljuk court of Kerman used the herbal medicines and minerals available in Kerman to treat their patients. Some of the doctors of this era, especially Afzal al-Din Abu Hamid Kermani, put a lot of emphasis on prevention and they consider it preferable to treatment

Iran suffered three catastrophic famines in the seventy-five-year span of 1869 to 1944. The population in 1945 was unchanged from that of 1840, a classic case of a Malthusian catastrophe. This article aims to assess the impact of the famines on Iran’s population level. It is first shown that the human losses in the Great Famine of 1869- 1873 have been vastly understated in much of the literature. Two-thirds of the population was lost. Barely had Iran recovered its 1869 population when the Great Famine of 1917-1919 in World War I had carried off nearly half of the population. Finally, World War II and the resulting 1942-1944 famine and typhus epidemic had claimed a quarter of the population and again restored the 1840 population level. Only after 1945 was Iran able to shake off the Malthusian trap into which it had fallen for more than a century.

When Greek thinkers sought to find natural reasons for what was happening around them and to abandon transcendental ideas such as the intervention of spirits and divine reproach, these efforts were made by Hippocrates in medicine. Hippocrates removed the concepts of superstition, magic, and religion from medicine. He rejected the belief of his contemporaries that the disease was caused by the vengeful gods, and instead stated that every disease has a natural cause, and that if you find the natural cause, you can cure the disease.Therefore, the problem of the present study is to study the medical theory of Hippocrates and to answer the question of how did Hippocrates remove the transcendental causes from medicine and what natural causes replaced them? For this purpose, the article consists of four parts: in the first part, the theory of quadruple mixing, which is the basis of Hippocratic medical theory, and in the second part, Hippocrates' view of the concept of health and in the third part, the concept of disease and classification of diseases and Pathogens have been studied and in the final part of the treatment and treatment of diseases from the point of view of Hippocrates. This research has been done by library method and relying on works attributed to Hippocrates. An examination of the works of Hippocrates shows that in medical reconstruction, Hippocrates established a medical system independent of the supernatural and based on natural philosophy. Hippocrates' medicine, in addition to being based on reason, was patient-centered rather than disease-oriented and focused more on observation and experience. Instead of metamaterial factors, he considered the causes of diseases as two types of internal and external factors. Internal factors meant in vivo mixing and external factors meant environmental factors and a person's lifestyle. He also categorized diseases in order to better understand and treat diseases: acute and chronic, endemic or endemic, and epidemic.

Hygiene is one of the social issues that has been addressed by the Akhtar Newspaper. Akhtar, as an evolutionary newspaper, always sought to qualify manpower and social services in this direction. In a variety of ways, Akhtar’s authors focused on this issue and made readers aware of the importance of health in advancement as well as existing health problems. Hygiene was addressed in a variety of ways. Anatomy and information on the introduction of various diseases, health announcements, the promotion of new drugs, advertisements for physicians in the treatment of diseases, the methods of treating illnesses and mentioning the disadvantages of consumables in personal and social health were among the issues emphasized by the authors of Akhtar. The use of alcoholic beverages and alcoholic beverages and the health effects of this category of materials were considered by the authors of Akhtar. The results of the current research show that the existence of consistent articles on the harmfulness of the use of alcoholic substances indicates the actuality of the actuators in this regard and their efforts to inform the community. From the perspective of the authors of the drug abuse altogether, and the lack of scientific awareness of its disadvantages, it played a significant role in the deterioration of human resources in terms of quality and ethics.

World War I (WWI) had many destructive consequences including the black triangle of famine, insecurity and disease spread, part of which occurred in Iran. The present article, based on resources inclusive of diaries and newspapers, published in that period in Isfahan, is an attempt to depict only dimensions of that human catastrophe and to show the effects of famine, insecurity and diseases on the city, what the civil authorities did at that time and to what extent the decisions made by them including the governor and the Baladia (municipality) influenced the circumstances. The findings of this historical study show that following WWI, Isfahan's people were inflicted with a hard and painful life due to causes such as insecurity, famine and disease outbreak. It also shows how civil authorities, influential figures, people, and the youth encountered these phenomena and their aftermath.