جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خانواده » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The institution of the family and the methods of representing it in literary works, including fiction, have been considered in every era. Sometimes authors are attracted to writing family-centered stories relying on their knowledge of the family situation in their era. One of the issues of interest in sociology studies regarding this institution is the issue of power. Identifying the methods of distribution of power in the family shows many social changes that have occurred over time. Due to the increasing rate of these developments and their impact on the structure and function of the family, as well as the future of this institution, the durability or collapse of the traditional and modern forms of the family has become one of the most important preoccupations of sociological thinkers. In this research, based on sociological studies in the field of family, as well as the opinions of different thinkers in the field of power, the structure of power distribution and the methods of its application, the type of resistance to power and the sources of power generation in family relationships in 87 contemporary short stories by seven contemporary Persian authors in the decades 1960s to 2010s were examined; with the aim of clarifying whether in these stories, the power structure in the family is one-sided and asymmetrical, or based on the model of equal rights. It should also be clarified whether the authors were able to draw a picture of the current state of the family institution in Iran despite the existing restrictions and prohibitions. The results show that in these stories, the family structure is semi-symmetrical, non-linear and a combination of intimacy and dominance in line with the balance of tradition and modernity. The methods of exercising power are expressed in two ways: persuasion and coercion; but the type of resistance is more passive due to the adherence of members, especially women, to traditions and customs . From among power-generating sources in family relationships in contemporary short-stories, traditional beliefs and social status are given priority and next to them, we have the following issues: emotional dependency; men’s job dignity; women’s employment; education; men’s powerlessness, and women’s self-esteem and superstitious ideas.

The study aims to discuss how the social capital (SC) and the cultural capital (CC)  of the the family affects the level of learners in foreign and national languages, and how this two variables (SC, CC) can be a reason behind the phenomenon of linguistic weakness, and the inability of learners to use languages fluently, The study’s approach is the  education and reproduction of Pierre Bourdieu and Claude Passeron. The study applyed the descriptive method, and E-questionnaire distributed to a Stratified cluster purposive sample of language teachers size (176). The results demonstrated the strength and role of the family's SC in guiding its children towards learning languages, As well as the role of Habitus in the inheritance and transition of the quality of possession of languages such as (CC) within the family, and throught generation.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the family structure in selected novels for teenagers based on Boerman's point of view. Boerman considers seven patterns and structures for the family. This essay examines Boerman's seven-fold structure in the novels of Hasti, man nowkare baba nistam, and asheghanehaye yunes dar shekame mahi' , using the method of content analysis, in order to determine what the family structure is like in the novels in question, and the teenager What is the role and place of being a member of the family in this structure? And which of Boerman's structures is more reflected in the studied novels? The method of gathering information is by examining and analyzing the content of works and library documents. The results of the research showed that among the desired patterns and structures, authoritarian structures, non-intervention and free and condescension were seen in all the studied novels. The structure based on equality was only one case and democratic and benevolent structures were not observed in any of the novels, which shows the passive and weak role of teenage characters in important family decisions. The role of mother as a member of the family has a different function in novels. In the novel Hasti, the mother plays the role of the supporter of Hasti; As it is, with the support of this support, he was able to change his father's authoritarian and authoritarian personality. In the novel man nowkare baba nistam, the mother has a passive role.

In Firdausi’s Shahnameh there are numerous families with their siblings where in the absence of father, the mother takes the responsibility. The presence of these families regardless of their mythological, heroic, or historical backgrounds has paved the way for interdisciplinary researches to recognize and unearth their issues and predicaments.Considering the significance of this issue, the present research is an attempt to introduce "mother-headed" families in Shahnameh, and  answer the question of what issues and problems these "mother-headed" families have encountered in Shahnameh which has led to their failures relying on qualitative data analysis and frequency of historical data.The results of this study shows that the number of" mother-headed" families in Shahnameh with a frequency of %11.76 is significantly close to the report provided by the Statistics Center of Iran in 2011 of the number of "mother-headed" families  (12%). It was also found that families who were rejected or abandoned by their fathers were more affected than those who lost their fathers. Other causes of failure in the mother-headed families were identified as "the mother remarrying and having children with her second spouse,"as well as "the mother's absence from the child and her lack of support for the child."

Contemporary literature offers a rich source of studies on the subject of women, and the poems composed by women in this field require much more attention. Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent poets who, in her poetry, expresses desires, shortcomings, inadequacies, and the need for society's attention to the valuable and significant position of women and family. This research, conducted through a descriptive-analytical method, focuses on determining the position of women in the poems of Parvin Etesami, demonstrating that, according to her, the only weapon for women's struggle against inadequacies, the restoration of their rights and achieving their proper position in society, as well as the advancement and growth of the family, is the pursuit of knowledge. In other words, by acquiring knowledge and raising awareness, women become capable and empowered to fulfil their roles more effectively. Overall, this article aims to explain and examine the position of women and the family in the poems of Parvin Etesami, a prominent contemporary poet

Parsoner (1902) is one of the social theorists whose views have been the focus of social critics in the sociological study of literature. While paying attention to the normal issues of people's lives and providing ways to improve the conditions of society, he has investigated social issues under four sections: social system, cultural system, personality system and behavioral organism.

In this article, which is written in a library method and with the aim of criticizing the family system in the poems of Parvin Etisami, an attempt has been made to analyze Parvin's poems from the perspective of conformity with Parsoner's theory.

The results of the research show that Parvin's frequent references to the family and emphasis on the position and role of the mother are seen as a frequent theme in his divan. The structure of the family in his court is of the nuclear type, which, for some reasons, emphasizes the position and role of the mother, and the role of the father is partially mentioned. He tries to present his perceptions of the family and especially the mother to his reader with a moral and educational expression.

The allegorical aspect that Parvin has given to the poems related to the institution of the family, the very short and limited reference to marriage and its type, the immense attention to the role of the mother in which even the allegorical birds of his poems appear in this role - and not in the role of a lover are important features. And his poems are special.

In the fictional works of Shirzad Hassan, one of the famous contemporary writers of Iraqi Kurdistan, social themes, especially the position of the family institution and the relations between its members, are very prominent. This study seeks to investigate the position of women in Shirzad Hassan's three index novels, and the author has studied descriptive-analytical methods and library tools to examine family and emotional relationships, especially the image of women and common perceptions and beliefs about it in society. In the naturalist novel My Father's Fence and Dogs, he describes the suffering and depiction of the black world of families living under the domination of a patriarchal system, each of whom is struggling in some way with mental health issues. In the realist novel, a woman above the minaret pays attention to the issue of desecration of girls from a psychological and sociological perspective, and the author tries to take a psychological view of this issue and its effects and feedback on the psyche of young girls who are desecrated. In the romantic novel NaturDarreh, he deals with the Platonic love of schoolgirls and boys and examines the influence of the patriarchal and authoritarian system on the formation of personality and the emergence of mental illnesses. The results of this study indicate that Shirzad Hassan considers cultural poverty to be much more dangerous than economic issues and he believes that by highlighting society's misconceptions about emotional relationships between family members, in order to change the views of their people. He take a few steps towards this key issue.

The discussion regarding the custom of parental interference and their role in their children’s marriage in the light of the latest statistics of the civil Registration Organization in 1398 based on the fact that more than 30% of marriage end in divorce is one of the chief discussions in sociology of family, therefore any research in this field that could in any way help the officials or researchers in this domain to find the underlying causes and factors in order to prevent divorce or reduce its rate would be enlightening.  Considering the importance of the subject the present article selected Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, the oldest Persian source as a statistical community that incorporates different models of marriage.  The role of parental interference in the marriage of the children was further investigated by using qualitative research method and data analysis to reveal the frequency in which this problem led to divorce in history.  The results obtained showed that in all 21 marriages fathers played crucial role in the marriages of their children while mothers were only responsible for three cases.  It was also determined that more than 60% of marriages were arranged and in all of them the father played the dominant role.  93% of arranged or imposed marriages belonged to daughters and more than 80% of the arranged marriages reported in Shahnameh were unsuccessful.

 Family or relative humor is a category that wants to enter the layers of culture, language and social relationships of family relationships and show the continuity of these relationships in its joking-serious form. Russian critic and theoretician Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975) inspired by the free carnival celebrations that take place in the world in different ways, proposed his theory of humor of carnivalism. He believes that the artistic language of humor - He can reveal human stories without any fear and show his free and casual behavior. Carnival shows real life in its dumb novel form. The purpose of this research is to examine the carnival actions such as crowning and crowning, laughter, conversationalism and carnival situations in two family stories "Dari Vari" and "Chert ve Prat" by Ebrahim Raha. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it was carried out using library studies.As a result of the research, it is stated that there is intimacy in the levels of family relationships, which show their carnivalized situations in meetings and temporal-spatial continuities.The personal and social characteristics of the family members bring life to a crisis or solve the crises behind the insults and laughter.

The lifestyle is a unique and individual whole of life under which all the processes of public life are subordinated. A collection of attitudes, values, behaviors, attitudes, and tastes in anythingTakes over.Lifestyle is a way that a person chooses during life and its foundation is laid in the family, which is influenced by culture, race, religion, economic and social status, beliefs and convictions.The way of life in the Holy Qur'an with attributes such as good life, proper way of life, extremely valuable way of life, way of life based on truthfulness, way of life which is completely obedience to God and a special way of life that is accompanied by Islam or submission.In this research, many hadiths and narrations (Islamic teachings) have been mentioned that deserve special attention.Finally, a special life that is associated with Islam or surrender, due to the comprehensive plan written for human beings, is a worthy source of thought and crystallizes human guardianship as the Ashraf of creatures.In fact, man is on the path of a divine test to choose which of the various ways to respond positively to the invitation and call of reason and soul and the attraction of the world and the hereafter and the efforts of the carnal god. Considering the above, we can say that in this study, we get acquainted with the preference of appropriate behaviors in different life situations.

Children’s poems have been remarkably evolved within the last two decades. Some of the researchers believe that considering concepts in relation to war and peace in children’s poems within the years after war have been the distinguishing point in this regard. In this research, two hundred ten books including 1518 have been studied. The poems were composed by ten poets from the 2000s and 2010s. two hundred thirty-eight of them which indicated the concepts of war which have been analyzed from the view point of content. The results of the present research indicate that the poets of these two last decades have remarkably mulled over concepts such as description of military conflicts in Iran, especially during the war, liberation movements, religious wars, especially Ashura, family conflicts, tensions between children and society, animal conflict and the retelling of ancient myths. They followed a peace – based outlook through which reflected them in their poems.

Prayer as a form of religious behavior is intended to seek contact with the existence of the eternal that the individual worshiper bounces him as his creator or spiritual being into consideration.Worshipping is performed in different ways in various religions. Since the old days the ways of praying and worshiping among people as one of the most important elements of religious teachings have been of great interest to researchers. Attar is a prominent Sufi poet and genius of the Persian language who takes advantage of prayer to express his moral and spiritual lessons. He offers many of his sublime lessons in these prayers and teaches his audience directly and indirectly and visualizes many humans’ inabilities and perplexities on Earth and praying God, in the light of hope. He speaks of life and spiritual life and death that can offer solutions for the problems of human or to conform him or offer him sympathy and help.In some cases, the prayers criticize most of the problems, disorders, and power relations of the society. This study investigates some of Attar’s prayers and their features in his couplet-poems

One of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, children and upbringing, family life, parental rights, and so forth in both the doctrines and the rules and it has promoted the dignity of the family system. In his view, men and women are responsible for meeting each other's emotional needs. Love is the basis of family relationships, although the man is responsible for earning a living and paying attention to the welfare and upbringing of children, and housework, childbearing, and the upbringing and education of children are the responsibility of women. Rumi has also made connections between many family relationships and mystical concepts; For example, for him, marital life can be a symbol of the creation system and the relationship between man and God and the creation and maternal attachment of God. In his view, men and women complement each other. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with regard to the verses and hadiths about women and the family and analyzes the Rumi's theories about the family and its rights.

Changes and evolutions in society, especially the family, are studied and explained based on various theories, including the theory of conflict. According to this theory, there are different attitudes and interests in a society and also different groups, that by power, order is created between them and social stability is provided; but ultimately the unequal distribution of resources will lead to struggle and conflict between them. The present research aims to interpret and analyze the evolutions of Iranian family in novels « Talar-e Ayeneh (The Mirror Hall)» by Amir Hossein Cheheltan, «Samphony-e Mordegan (Symphony of the Dead)» by Abbas Maroufi, and «Nimey-e Ghayeb (The Absent Half)» by Hossein Sanapour based on the conflict theory and using descriptive-analytical method. This study seeks to answer the following questions: What factors have caused conflict in Iranian families during different periods? What were the benefits of the conflict? What resources have the dominated groups used to liberate themselves? And what changes has this conflict caused in the family? The results show that first conflict and tension are created in the upper families of the society,and then the middle families and afterwards lower families.; These contradictions are due to the familiarity with modernity, and in the beginning, the character of the father played the role of agency in this field. But in the following, other members of the family, especially the son character, and then, the daughter and wife have protested against the existing order. The father benefits from the existing order and other family members are dominated by him. He has resourses such as power and wealth at his disposal to continue his dominance and the subordinated group have used resources and capitals such as socio-economic and cultural capitals to emancipate themselves. The father character seeks to maintain his power and authority in the family, and other members of the family seek individuality and independence. The conflict resulting from this situation has led to changes and evulations in the values and norms of the family, especially with regard to marriage, education, and occupation, and a new order has been formed with the collapse of the previous order of the family.

This essay is based on the initial assumption that element and sign of dialogue are reflected in the novel "I turn off the lights". The author has organized the novel in opposition to the woman narrator of story with the political issue. It seems that narrator considers politics equal by masculinity. Claris the mother of the family and the main character of the story, tries to keep the family's spiritual environment away from the husband's politics. Although she is educated and avid reader he thinks politics has nothing to do with their life. She knows politics as a masculine issue and a threatening factor in the comfort and tranquility of home. The narrator in the struggle with a political voice retire a forbidden love; but in the end, she recognize her realistic position by suppressing and passing on the love that is a sort of rebellion against the powerful and masculine political voice. She inevitably copes with her husband's political voice, but with a spiritual change she revisits her identity, individuality and personal life. According to the results of this descriptive-analytic research, women writers in Iran often challenged politicization for feminist reasons and motives. But this depoliticizing also has major textual and contextual reasons. From contextual factors can be mentioned gradual development of Iranian society and growth of the individuality of female writers and among the textual and literary history factors it can be counted boredom and exhaustion of readers with the slogan and stereotype.

Among the various types of oral literature and due to their richness, tales and myths have the ability to examine the origin and effects of anthropology, sociology, psychology, etc. Some sociologists believe that their knowledge of the institution of the family in Iran's past is negligible. Therefore, history, especially folktales, can illuminate parts of social life that are far from the eyes of sociologists. The question of power is one of the subjects of interest in sociological studies in family institution. Understanding the distribution of power within the family in past periods represents a lot of social change. In this article and in order to examine the power structure within folklore tales; the structure of power, its methods of action and the type of resistance in front of power, as well as the sources of power production in family relationships, were examined in 93 kinds of folk narrative using content analysis approach. The results showed that the power structure in family is highly dominant and is represented in terms of paternity in relation to the child. In relations between men and women, in addition to domination, there is an intimate and legitimate relationship that women accept based on traditional ideologies, the power of men even in intimate relationships. The methods for exercising more power are forced, but the type of resistance, especially girls 'resistance to domination, and boys' active resistance to the father for passive reasons are evident. Gender-related beliefs, socio-economic resources and tips, such as the child's tone and hints, are among the sources of energy production in the family.

Literature has a special position in representing society. The novel is a special literary genre and a perfect mirror which reflects and reveals the events, progress, growth and change of the society. Most especially in both countries of Iran and Senegal, this style of writing has been accompanied by the social and cultural changes. Family is the most important and fundamental element of the community. The main role of the story is been played by the family in most contemporary novels. The concept of family plays a key role in most contemporary novels, and the main role of the story is always introduced in the family. On the other hand, the roles that humans take in their families often expresses the realities of the community. Regarding the political and social conditions governing each period, the way writers pay attention to family issues. In this article, we have studied the comparison and analysis of family in Iranian and Senegalese contemporary novels (showhare Aho khanom and so long a letter), in response to these questions, which are these similarities as well as the structural differences of the family in the contemporary novels of these two nations and how they emerged narratively. In addition of studing family in novels, this research is also a kind of comparison between Iranian and Senegalese cultures, and the important works of contemporary writers in these two nations are compared, which can help the develop of comparative literature in both countries.