جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دستکاری » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The previous studies have shown that the difference between question and statement types is in the utterance-final edge. The aim is to determine the manipulation of which parts of the pitch curve perceptively influences the sentence type. And, to what degree, can the manipulation of the utterance-final edge affect the perception of the listeners and lead them to understand the statement as question? These manipulations have been done in two steps: first the target points were manipulated in statement sentence through the tilt pattern and then through the duration intonation synchronisation pattern by Praat software. Perceptual salience of these target points is investigated through questionnaire identification tests. According to the results, the utterance-final edge can not categorically convert the statement into question, but it is an important factor in determining the sentence type. Approximately 90% of the listeners perceive the utterance manipulated at the nucleous peak as question.

Domestication, as noted by Venuti, is the dominant translation strategy in powerful cultures such as the Anglo-American culture. This strategy has political, cultural and economic motivations in such dominant cultures and when applied, the cultural products of smaller countries are framed according to the cultural standards of the target culture; consequently, texts are manipulated in such a way that they seem ‘transparent’ and ‘familiar’. The present paper intends to introduce other motivations for the phenomenon called ‘domestication’. The purpose is to find other reasons behind domestication in the translated literature published under a ‘Fundamentalist’ administration in power in contemporary Iran. To achieve this purpose, the manipulations imposed by the administration on the published translations are used to study and cast light on a kind of state-imposed domestication and its motivations. Thus, the source and target texts of four American novels translated under this administration were compared and the mismatches in the translated texts were analyzed. The results showed that the world pictured in the Persian versions had been rendered closer to the social and cultural conditions in Iran, hence a kind of domestication. Therefore, it can be claimed that: 1) domestication is not confined to powerful cultures such as the Anglo-American culture; the Iranian culture, too, resorts to this translation strategy, but in a different manner, i.e. in order to maintain its sociopolitical stability and prevent the infiltration of foreign cultures. 2) domestication can become the dominant translation strategy under the influence of institutions of power and as a result of the policies adopted by those institutions.