جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سعدی شیرازی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Paying attention to lifestyle is one of the essential issues in today's societies. This concept reflects the full range of ideas, values and social activities that distinguish societies. The Islamic way of life consists of interconnected sets of behavioral patterns in various fields of human life. Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the main Islamic sources, includes various characteristics of lifestyle in various fields. Since Saadi is the product of Islamic culture, he has mentioned many cases of lifestyle in his works, which are reminiscent of the components of lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The present paper tries to rely on the descriptive-analytical method to influence Saadi's lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The results of the research show that Saadi has been influenced by Nahj al-Balaghah in various mental and objective components of lifestyle, with the difference that Imam Ali (AS) has analyzed each component in different fields such as belief, social, political, military, economic, but Saadi's studies on the mentioned components are more limited and It is not as extensive as the components mentioned in Nahj al-Balaghah.

Mahmoud Waraq Heravi and Saadi Shirazi are two poets who have paid special attention to wisdom, advice and advice in their poetry divans. Being influenced by Islamic culture and religious teachings, especially the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balagha, along with personal life experiences, are among the sources of wisdom in their poetry. Simplicity and clarity of words and phrases, relative freedom from abandoned and incomprehensible terms, departure from the old lexical culture and using the lexical culture of our era, using proverbs in accordance with the needs of the age and the taste of the people and its popularity are among the characteristics of this edict literature. Two wise poets are considered. The present research aims to investigate the commonalities in the didactic and judgmental literature of two poets by using the descriptive-analytical method and using the American school of comparative literature. The results of the research indicate that both poets in the form of verses and various literary types recommended moral virtues such as work and effort, patience, kindness and forgiveness, anti-cruelty, etc. They have warned against greed, greed and envy. Dealing with the moral and educational principles in the poetry of these two poets is sometimes close to the point that it is as if these slogans came from the thinking of one person; For example, in two stanzas, Waraq considers property and wealth to be a means to preserve and increase human dignity, and Saadi also points out the exact same point in one stanza.

In the dark seventh and eighth centuries AH, which was the period of domination of the Tatar bloodthirsty and the governance of the unworthy cruel rulers over the cultural Iran, critical poems emerged in ways deeper than the protesting literature in the sixth century. In this period, Saadi and Saif Farghani were two liberals who each addressed the issues of the disintegrated society of that time. Since the arbitrariness of anti-people governments had captured the pen and speech in the labyrinth of tyranny, these poets inevitably turned to cryptic novelties, especially equivoque , to criticize the turbulent situation of the time. Based on a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, this study aims to investigate and compare the function of equivoque in raising political and social issues in the Ghazal of the mentioned poets in order to firstly explain the impact of Genghis Khan invasion and Mongol rule in this period on the common theme in their Ghazal and secondly, the most equivoques of the Ghazal of the mentioned poets is known by their political and social functions and their similarities and differences, as well. The final result of this research shows that the application of "Equivoque " method in raising political and social issues in Saadi's Ghazal is more frequent than Saif’s. Most of the equivoques criticisms of these two poets are directed at those in power. Among the types of equivoque , abstract equivoque and equivoque of proportion are more prominent in Saadi's Ghazal and equivoque of proportion and contradiction in Saif's Ghazal, respectively.

This is the only manuscript contained in the Algerian National Library in the Persian language, and it is one of the most precious copies that I had the honor to view. This manuscript is a copy of the original manuscript of the Persian writer Saadi Shirazi entitled "Bustan". Especially, as it is more than a literary book as it contains moral and religious education, in addition to history and a description of the social condition that society was suffering in this time. Through this investigation of the manuscript, I tried to present the history of this copy of Bustan's book that I have in hand.

Saadi's artistic techniques combine simplicity with industry and showcase her to the reader. He sometimes uses efficient tools such as Irony, Shout, Metaphor, Pahlavi, and ... to escape from the Transparency. A new look at the subject of Irony's artistic techniques is finding a way to determine his poetry's power and style. The purpose of this research is to study the analytical frequency of the arranger's artistic instruments, which include: verbal, rhetorical, radical, situational, structural, Socratic and acclaimed, in the poems of Saa'di Shirazi and its comparisons with eulogy, although there are some differences between the Irony, Along with the quill, the use of the cynical structure along with Irony adds to the complexity and ambiguity of the word. The method of this study is descriptive-statistical. The findings of the research show that Irony, as one of the components of language in Saadi's lyrics, is very clear and clear in expressing religious, political and social ideas. The Irony word is the most frequent with 29% and Irony has the lowest rate of 3%. In the meantime, Saa'di's contribution to the use of the eagle and the Irony is noticeably less than that of his contemporaries.

Grammar is one of the fundamental subjects of study in the vast field of Persian language and literature and the study of its elements provides a good basis for research. “Adjective” is one of the parts of speech in Persian grammar and its function is to modify the noun to which it refers. Metonymy is a means of expression that is understood through argumentation and meaning comprehension. One of Saadi’s linguistic techniques is the use of beautiful adjectives and metonymies to make his poetry more attractive. This research employs a statistical approach to investigate the frequency of adjectives containing metonymy in terms of verbal structure in Saadi’s sonnets. Metonymical adjectives, as one of the elements of conversational language, play a prominent role in Saadi’s sonnets. However, Saadi’s contribution to the use of metonymical adjectives is considerably less than that of his contemporaries.

Due to their forms and content, the works of Saadi Shirazi, one of the well-known and outstanding Persian poets, have the potentiality of being analyzed from different points of view. Composing some remarkable parts of his poems in Arabic language, Saadi has tried to show his skills and proficiency in Arabic. These parts of his poems have been translated into Persian by Moayed Shirazi. The question raises here is how and to what extent the translated version by Jafar Moayed Shirazi indicates the spirit and the literary style of Saadi's works. Through a descriptive-analytical method, this research has been accomplished to study the translation from an aesthetic viewpoint to show the translator’s comprehensive knowledge of the language in conveying the meaning and the content. Due to Moayed Shirazi's knowledge of both languages –Persian and Arabic- he has adopted the precision of meaning transfer as a criterion and avoids the free translation that lets the translator to recreate a new text out of the source.

The impact of the Persian Writers upon the literary style and tradition of the World's prominent poets and writers could serve as an interesting and overwhelming subject for comparative studies. Saadi`s Golestan has been a great source of inspiration for many writers of world. This book has served as a source of wisdom and understanding for many writers. His notions of justice, moderation, rationality and humanism have been widely used in the narrative a poetic works of many writers. In his works Saadi with a special artfulness and deep sensibility portrays the vice and virtuous dimensions of human race and in a witty and skillful manner, in his prose and poetic works, demonstrate the behavioral characteristics of all classes of society. The present research attempts to present a brief overview of the Europeans understanding of the practical dimensions of Saadi's philosophy, outlooks and social morality presented in Golestan. Furthermore, it attempts to analyze the explicit and implicit seminaries of literary features used by German Classic Writers and Saad

Youth and old age are among themes adopted everywhere and at all times by poets, who have written poems on them from their own perspective. The renowned Arab poet IbnMutazz and prominent Iranian poet Saadi are two poets who from a particular, though close, standpoint addressed the themes in their poems. Despite living in two different worlds, they presented a similar picture of youth and old age in their poetry. The present paper tries to provide a comparative study of Saadi’s and IbnMutazz’s opinion about youth and old age, using a descriptive-analytical method based on the American approach. The findings suggest both poets describe youth as a period of frivolity, pleasure and luxury, strength and exuberance, while old age is on one hand a period of physical weakness, frailty and loss of physical power and on the other, a period of piety, rejection of pleasures and increased prudence and knowledge, which ultimately ends in death.

The Canterbury tales is a collection of anecdotes written by Geoffrey Chaucer، who was the famous English writer and poet in the fourteenth century. The book is considered as the first masterpiece of English literature and is similar and comparable in many ways to form and contents with Golestan، the book written by Saadi of Shiraz. This similarity is due to common ground of compilation. These two great poets presented a lifetime of research and experiences studies and numerous travels as tales in verse and prose and thought-out language، which was the standard language of the next centuries. By using a variety of rhetoric، they have created two masterpieces that considered in their region as timeless classics. Didactic and moral purposes have are common concerns in both books. Because of the true human nature، the moral teaching is not limited to a particular region، therefore it is not surprising that there are similar and sometimes identical teachings in their works، including most notably an emphasis on altruism، need for self-purification and avoidance from evil desires and children''s education.

Teaching points of social justice and security are exalted ideas. Although, these elements are praised but individual have different account toward them. This category as an important human teaching has been considered by the scholars from the past. In oriental teachings social justice and security are main human goals. This subject matter has been discussed in valuable works of Saadi. In Saadi account justice means distribution of possibilities based on meritocracy. In this perspective, distribution of material and welfare possibilities and also power should be done based on competencies. He believes in distributive justice and in governance he consider middle class competent for government. Indeed, this scholar of Persian literature believes in meritocracy from economic and social viewpoints.This article tries to investigate Saadi teachings in social and security justice as the scholar of fourteen century in order to offer different approach for policy makers and researchers.

«Paradox» as a literary array plays an important role in the literature of East and West، particularly in Persian Greek and English literature. Using paradox is a method of literary criticism، including a review of ambiguous statements، deduction and subsequent concept of them. Both Saadi Shirazi and John Donne use the paradox to investigate the dominant contradictions that are، to some extent، incomprehensible to ordinary readers. This paper attempts to review and examine the challenge of the readers’ public understanding through the contradictions occuring in their minds by reading these two poets’ poems. This article seeks also to show how the emergence of such thoughts، and goals of these two poets in the application of the paradox

Abu Al-ala the poet and sage of 4th and 5th Hijri is one of the most famous Arabic poets who is considered as one of the greatest men in didactic literature; he deals with social problems and reflects the realities of his day and criticizes different classes of society. Sadi with his book of poem Bustan, Gulistan, a prose work, and Nasihat Al-moluk, a prose thesis, is one of the most famous pioneers in Persian didactic literature. He has seized every opportunity to criticize the public ethics and power perversity of the authorities. In a comparative study and through a sociological approach, the present paper aims to examine the two poet's political attitudes on government, rulers and the mutual responsibilities of the ruler and the peasant. The poet's political thoughts are analyzed in three areas of advising the rulers, criticizing them and advising the peasants. The outcome of this paper shows that both held a reformist view towards the attitudes of the rulers and people; sometimes by advising and at times by reproaching the rulers tend to reform the authorities and familiarize them with principle of humanities, moral and religious basic rules. Sadi's tone of criticizing the rulers is soft, mild while advising the rulers whereas, Maari 's tone is rough, reckless, and at times aggressive.

Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī، known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis، commentary and interpretation، influencing post-Fourteenth Century Persian writing more than any other author. Themes of his ghazals are the beloved، faith، and exposing hypocrisy. Hāfezhas applied themes، thoughts and sayings of first class Arab poetsand the present article studies how Hāfez has been influenced by the poetry of Mutanabbi the famous Arab poet.