جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طنز سیاه » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Black satire is a feature of surrealist works and is about situations and subjects that are often more serious, frightening, and sad than can be laughed at. This type of humor is often accompanied by death, hatred, suffering, fear, sorrow, and emptiness, with a sarcastic look at morbid, horrific, and horrific situations. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, intends to show some of their features in Persian literature by mentioning examples from the book "One Thousand and One Nights" after defining black humor and its features. According to the results of this study, the most characteristic features of black humor in this book are features such as: contradiction and contradiction, exaggeration and exaggeration, surrealist descriptions, metamorphosis and animals, tragedy-comedy, etc., which can be seen in prose more than poetry. . Burton describes black humor as a dignified laugh and a mask of despair, but in the black satire of "Thousand and One Nights", blind hatred and destiny have no absolute dominance over man and love and faith.

Black Humor is one of the most important literary genres in poetry collections of "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar" by Muhammad Al-Maghout, which has played the most important role in the fame of this work. Black connotes a laughter mixed with pain that comes from a rebellious person to deal with heterogeneous political and social situations. The main content of black humor is biting and mocking criticism about serious, sad and scary issues. "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar", written into the free verse, is a valuable work in terms of the use of black humor.The source of Al-Maghut's black humor is his social thought, which is rooted in bitter truths such as poverty, imprisonment, displacement, lack of freedom, and the incompetence of the rulers.  In so doing, humors of Al-Maghout is full of biting descriptions that initially make the audience laugh, but at the same time, it brings deep sadness to the heart. The purpose of this study is to investigate the kinds of tricks used by Al-Maghout in black humor of "Al-Badawi Al-Ahmar”. To answer this main research question, the researcher employed content analysis method.  The present study suggests that Al-Maghut used the techniques of symmetry, Irony, surprise, magnification, miniaturization, paradox, personification, metonymy, and sarcasm from which surprise and metonymy have been the most widely used in this work.

Literature has always been one of the most important tools of criticism in societies and writers have enjoyed it indirectly and symbolically. One of the methods that writers use to express social problems and empathize with people is humor. Black humor is a laugh mixed with pain that comes from the rebellious person’s heart to confront common and incorrect political and social beliefs and behaviors. Abolghasem Halat and Mohammad Maghut’s poetries are full of this kind of humor, which they have applied to express problems such as poverty, foreign interference and so on. But Maghut has enjoyed black humor in a broader sense and has also addressed subjects such as war, imprisonment and problems in the Arab world. These two poets have also applied techniques such as contradiction, contempt and humiliation. But at the same time, they have not used words and phrases that are contrary to morality and culture. The different individual and social conditions of these two poets have caused the mild tone in their words but the sting of the Maghut’s words is more noticeable.

Black humor is a form of comedy that seeks to show suffering and boredom, anonymity and emptiness, worriment and death anxiety, and fear and loneliness of contemporary man through satire. Bahram Sadeghi is one of the novelists who carefully and delicately used the ability and capacity of black humor and has used this literary device in his short stories, which were mainly written between 1965 and 1962 and published in the collection of stories "Sangar va Ghoghomehaye Khali (its translation in English:Trench and EmptyThermoses)". The main question of the research is what are the stylistic features of black humor in Bahram Sadeghi's short stories and what methods has the author used to include black humor in the stories and what goals has he pursued? In response, it should be said that Sadeghi has highlighted black humor in his stories by using contradiction, miniaturization, magnification, Gothic atmosphere and deviation from the subject. He has sought to indirectly reflect the issues of his time, to reveal the reality of life by criticizing obsessive disorders, political conflicts and cultural petrifications and to represent his perception of life experience.

Black humor, has mocking look to illness form, terrible and horrible situations and is often with presentiment, pain, fear, sadness and absurdity associated.
The prevalence's of this type of humor in the West, were political and social situation, Hegel's philosophical views and black novels.
The term black humor (from the French humor noir) was coined by the surrealist theoretician, André Breton in 1935 to describe the concept of Hegel's «objectify subjectivity» and he introduced Jonathan Swift as pioneer of this type in anthology of black humor.
According to the ideas of the Surrealists, about black humor, the important features of it in fiction literature include: conflict, exaggerated, metamorphosis and transformation, deviation of issue (subject), description and gothic atmosphere.
These characteristics, seems in stories of pioneer writers; Sadegh Hedayat, Gholam Hossein Saeedi and Bahram Sadeghy.
This article whit descriptive-analytical method defines black humor and studies it's prevalences and features in West and Iran fiction literature comparatively.