جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « هارون هاشم رشید » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The sociology of literature examines the dual relationship between society and literary work. And since realism is a doctrine that depends on the study of nature, human life and society, and deals more with the context of social reality, as well as the accurate depiction of social relationships, Literature is a social document that depicts the realities of society. George Lukács used his literary criticism to establish the sociology of literature, which has three characteristics: true realism, critical realism, and popularism. For this reason, this research tries to criticize Harun Hashem's poetry based on Georg Lukács' theory of realism, which is rooted in Marxist dialectics. This research Hashim Rasheed's poems based on Lukacs's realism because his poetry indicates Arab society's lifestyle. He seeks to bond his suffering with the reality of life. The results indicated that Rasheed describes criticizes the contradictions and social challenges of his homeland with full logic and awareness and portrays the problems and pains of his countrymen based on popularism. he warned, preached, and then outlined the path of jihad and struggle. In parts of his poems, exposed and discussed the policies of the colonial governments and their supporters and the Arab rulers for interfering in the affairs of their people and supporting Israel, and he considered them the main cause of these hardships. He showed the effect of these issues on the livelihood of his people, the followers of his poems understand that adheres to issues that serve the people.

The technique of defamiliarization is one of the stylistic features in literature. For the first time, this technique was presented by one of the great formalists who lived in Russia, named "Viktor Shklovsky". He thought that the output of literature is defamiliarization because it keeps the mind out of falling into the habit and creates literary taste and pleasure by making the language poetic. Haroun Hashem Rasheed, an Islamist Palestinian contemporary poet has used defamiliarization in his poems widely especially semantic defamiliarization. Keeping in mind the importance of this feature in stylistics, it seems necessary to study it in Haroun Hashem's poetry in order to recognize his poetic method in a better way. Therefore, Haroun Hashem's poetry was studied in the present research with the descriptive-analytic method in order to clarify the role of aesthetic technique in the structure of his poetic style. Results of this study indicate that the poet was interested in employing the semantic defamiliarization based on personification and it is regarded as the most important feature in his poetry. The images that the poet presented based on personification, reveal his sincere feelings toward Palestine and his close ties to it and its people's tragedy, in a manner that all things were conformed with him even natural phenomena and abstract matters.

Resistance literature, which makes up a portion of contemporary literature, is considered among the most important cultural strongholds of committed poets. This approach in the Arab world was introduced gradually when Arabs became aware of the movements formed in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Meanwhile, the Palestinian territories, due to continuous invasions and numerous humanitarian disasters, has always been the focus of many poets and writers. Among these poets, Harun Hashim Rashid can be pointed out, the Palestinian committed and revolutionary poet who has never kept silence in the encounter of problems in his homeland. Also, his writings are placed within resistance poetry. On the other hand, along with Arabic countries, this approach has become increasingly popular among Iranian poets. Hossain Esrafili is among those Iranian poets clearly influenced by the resistance literature. The present study, using the comparative review approach and after briefly reviewing these poets’ lives, has introduced some of the motifs in the resistance literature used in these poets’ works. The obtained results indicate that patriotism, honoring martyrs and their status, call for fighting and resistance against oppressors, etc., are among the motifs used in their poetry, and Rashid’s style, in this regard, is simple and close to public understanding, while that of Esrafili is symbolic and vague.

Today semiotics mainly influenced by Peirce's thoughts has become an independent discipline which is used as an interdisciplinary aspect of text analysis. Semiotic analysis of the literary works, especially in the literature of Palestine, could lay the groundwork for a new reading of them and the identity in sustainability discourses and its external and internal relations. by using different semiotic approaches, the layers of thoughts and symptoms such as: Intertextuality, time, place, character, narration, author, methods of discovering additional meanings, along with encryption used in the works of Haroun Hashem Rashid and Muin Baseiso are evaluated to appear or reveal new horizons in the identity of Palestinian segment against the audience in their lyrics. Based on this approach, it also appears that encryption is related to the creator, aesthetics, text interrelationship, time, place and the form of these poems. Given the works of these two poets, a number of roles and symptoms are presented that rebuild a powerful relationship within a turbulent life, which is fluctuating between the pleasant and unpleasant symptoms. In some examples, the results show that there is a reliance on metatext(hypertext) elements and the events of the author's life in his poetry in addiotion to the text elements. However, of all the most frequent indices of their poetry, time, character, and the indications of locations can be noted.

Palestinian resistance literature grew in the cultural ground of Palestine’s revolt against Israeli cruelty. This branch of literature was formed based on the struggle against, and portrayal of tyrants in order to defend Palestinian identity against aliens. The present descriptive-analytical study aims to illustrate themes of resistance in a collection of poems called “Qazeh fi Khat-e Naar” (“Gaza in the Line of Fire”) by Harun Hashem Rasheed, the Palestinian poet, who is one of the pioneers and developers of the poetry of resistance in Arabic literature and the Islamic world. He has witnessed Palestine’s invasion and chaotic conditions of neighborhood countries, and he long been awaiting peoples’ revolutionary movement. Harun Hashem Rasheed reacts to his country`s oppression and cries out for freedom from these conditions; he believes in struggle and trust in Allah as the only ways to this goal and rejects any kind of agreement. With the most beautiful and the most creative, yet the most tragic words, he draws all nations’ attention to Palestinian orphans.
Oppression of Palestinian children‚ God's divine intervention‚ endurance of the difficulties, remembering Arabic glorious history, Zionism’s lack of identity, and opposing colonialism are the most outstanding themes in Rasheed’s poetry.

Repetition in poetry is one of the most important techniques technique in stylistics. The poets have long been aware of the importance of creating works of art and its impact on the reader. Undoubtedly, repetition is closely related to the author of the text; the author attempts to visualize his ideas and feelings through this technique. Each recurrence, based on the nature of the text, implies different mental and emotional implications. Repetition is one of the techniques that influences internal music of the text. Sometimes poets use musical repetition with poetic motives to increase the rhythm and music of the text. This kind of repetition has a special place in the poetry of Harun Hashem Rashid, a contemporary Palestinian poet, and has emotional aspects to it, in which the rhythm harmonizes with its psychological and emotional dimension. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the technique of repetition in the Divan of “A Flower on Qods’s Forhead” is examined. With the reading of this divan, a variety of geometric repetitions are revealed, such as repetitions of words and sentences, each of which presents a specific dimension and effective aspects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental and emotional feelings of this type of musical repetition. The findings show that repetition in this collection of poems has a special place and emphasizes the importance of the repeating element and its effect on the feelings of the reader. Musical repetition in the Divan reflects the inner feelings of the poet and his pain, as well as the relation between the musical dimension of the text and its meaning.

Poem of the resistance is obligor and clarifies the facts, awakens its addresses against the despotic regimes and the Zionist occupation, and also emphasizes on liberation of the country.
The poet specifies his purposes with the symbolic images, elaborates his educational purpose and its characteristics that don’t have any complexity.
Haroun-Hashim was one of the poets of the modernism who had the important role in movement of modernizing the contemporary Arabic poem and he is one of the most important poets of the Palestinian resistance and one of the poets of fifty decade, who called "poets of Nakba" or "poets of the camp". His poem is characterized by a spirit of rebellion, and the revolution, and expresses his thoughts and feelings, as the poet is coupled with the homeland and its agonies.
Sometimes, his poem stood for grief over issue of Palestine, mentions pains of the homeland and its calamities, and at other times, his heart does not stop anger, and at other times, requests prosperous future, and the victory of the nation's attention to the Palestinian people.
The aim of this article is stylistic study and studying structural of constructive poem of HarounHashim named "a rose on the forehead of Jerusalem" to get to shed light on the text with all its connotations, images, aesthetics, technical and structural styles, and clearing it's system according to the acoustic, synthetic and rhetorical levels.
This study is in the light of the analytic descriptive approach, that isn’t studied in any research else.