جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "هومی بابا" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Migration and particularly migrant’s identity occupy a special place in post-colonial studies. Separation from homeland and living in an alien culture make the migrant develop a “hybrid” identity that undermines the self/other binary opposition and other oppositions which have served as the basis of different forms of colonialism throughout history. Migrant’s “hybrid” identity, accordingly, questions the traditional views on identity and serves as an agent of change and resistance against fanatical nationalist and racist ideologies. In this study, the viewpoints of Edward Said and Homi Bhabha, two of the leading thinkers in postcolonial studies, have been studied to see the points of convergence and divergence in their views about the anti-colonial potentialities of the migrant’s hybrid identity and his capacity for showing agency and resistance. This investigation shows that whereas Bhabha relies on poststructuralist principles in his upholding of the migrant’s hybrid identity, Said adopts an eclectic approach and discusses the potentialities of the migrant’s hybrid identity mainly from a humanistic viewpoint.

Postcolonial reading is one of the new fields of study in comparative literature and cultural studies. In this type of reading, the researcher with a critical approach analyzes the representations of colonial discourse in literary texts and examines the different aspects of the interaction between "colonizer" and "colonized". Due to citation-historical approach in data collection, the present study  has analyzed the collection of stories "Two Worlds" from Goli Taraghi based on postcolonial theory and specifically based on Baba's homi views. Homi Baba, one of the leading theorists of contemporary postcolonial studies, has offered views on identity and the other based on poststructuralist readings. He developed postcolonial studies with respect to the interactions between the colonizer and the colonized, and by applying concepts such as "fragmented mentality", "imitation" and "psychological displacement"; Baba seeks to explore the effects of cultural colonization on colonized societies, how they resisted colonial power, and the experiences of marginalized and homeless nations. In the present study, the core of the "Two Worlds" story series is the category of migration and colonization in its cultural meaning and the consequences of these two categories such as imitation, the experience of psychological displacement and feeling of disconnection to a foreign environment and, consequently, the formation of fragmented mentality. The manifestation of this migration and cultural colonization is seen in the narrative as psychological displacement in the spatial and temporal realms and the fragmentation of the mentality and self-consciousness of the characters. According to the leading research, the narrative tries to highlight this antidote by using various tricks by giving a retrospective anti-discourse against the colonialist's anti-colonial discourse. On the other hand, the narrative recognizes the harms hidden in the retrograde discourse and invites the audience to reconsider it.

Thanks to migration and mass media such as television and cyberspace, we live in a transnational and transcultural world where cultural and identity signifiers constantly come into contact and are interwoven. The offshoot is the formation of a new culture and identity no longer rooted in one land and nation; rather they have been redefined and hybridized so that their survival and growth are secured in the contemporary world. Influenced by this transnational world, the literature narrates the life story of deterritorialized people who have migrated in search of a better life. Dany Laferrière’s The Enigma of the Return (2009) and Keivan Arzaghi’s The Gloppy Land (2011) richly illustrate the outcomes of accepting and rejecting this hybridity. Drawing on Homi Baba's postcolonial theory and Jacques Lacan's theory of alienation, we undertake a comparative study of these two novels. The analysis exhibits how migrants such as Dany and Arash's father struggle and experience alienation due to their reluctance to accept the laws governing the host country and its cultural signifiers, in addition to the rejection of the existing reality or grief over separation from their homeland. On the other hand, characters like Dany and Sanam embrace hybridity and consider migration a means for attaining success [in their life]. Thus, Dany realizes his driving ambition to be a famous writer, whereby he not only becomes a member of the host country, but also uses it to fight and return to his native land.

The concept of home carries with itself an emotional and secure weight which usually gives one a sense of belonging and stability; however, for the migrant or the colonized subject the world is “unhomely”. Using the theories of Homi K. Bhabha concerning the unhomely, the present research attempts to focus on the dislocated state experienced by Fatima, the protagonist-narrator, in Alia Yunis’s novel, The Night Counter (2009), and the plurality that comes with being caught in the space of unhomely. In this research, the major question is that is there hierarchal privileges in cultural hybridity or not? Bhabha holds that hybridity is free from hierarchal privileges; while attesting to the wide range of practicality Bhabha's concept of unhomely enjoys in regard to the postcolonial diasporic communities, the researcher argues that there are such cases, as that of Fatima, in which the migrant manages to move beyond his or her geographical displacement and live a fully articulated cultural life in a Eurocentric culture via recourse to his or her native religio-cultural heritage. This proves the priority of one culture over the other rather than its absence as Bhabha claims since the passage of years do not prevent Fatima from following her native culture.

Migrants undergo profound changes in encounter with the new environment, culture and customs during their emigration. Their concern of preserving native culture on the one hand, and making constructive relations with the new environment on the other are of emigrants difficulties. Novel is one of the most enduring tools for portraying the challenges migrants face with when embracing a dual identity. Many Arab writers, including the contemporary Algerian novelist Amara Lakhous in his novel kayfa tarḑaʽ min al-ḏỉ'ba duna an taʽazzoka (how you breast feed from a she-wolf without being bitted), have dealt with the subject of third world migrants in European countries. Lakhous novel draws on the identity crises of the immigrant and the cultural, social and religious contradictions they have experienced in those countries. The present study tries to analyse personalities of Lakhous novel according to Homi Bhabha ideas, an American-Indian theorist. The study's results show that the hybrid identity is portrayed in matters such as religion, food, language, race, name and mores. Moreover, the most immigrants are not capable of making discourse and cultural exchange. Their inability to make relations with the immigration space leads to their inability in accepting new identity.

One of the major areas of postcolonial criticism is the examination of new religious, national, racial and social identities in the post-colonial period and comparing them with pre-colonial period. Waciny Laredj, an Al-Jazeera's contemporary novelist, in his The Kingdom of the Butterfly, uses the literary form of the novel to portray issues such as identity crises, immigration, cultural, social, and religious conflicts during post-colonial times. The present article studies the post-colonial identity of the characters of this novel from the perspective of post-colonial theorist Homi Bhabha, based on components such as identity and terminology such as the third space and bonding.The results of this descriptive-analytic study indicate that, in the novel, Waciny Laredj illustrates the identity of the person joining in such matters as religion, cover, language, nationality, race, name and art, and the identity crisis of immigrant characters depicted. All of these matters affect, signify the negative consequences of the 132 years of Algeria colonized by France.

Immigration is one of the most important issues of postcolonial criticism and the novel Fingers of Lolita of Waciny al-aaraj, the Algerian contemporary novelist, including novels pay issue migration from East to West. This study is mentioned evaluate migration in the abovementioned novel from the perspective of Homi Bhabha- theorists this critique. Homi Bhabha Knows immigrants in connection with the memories and identity change approach and collision of subject and the other. The main issue of this study is investigate the expression of components in this novel and in this regard, used descriptive and analytical methods. The results show that immigrant characters in this novel, despite differences in reliance on memories, remember the time and place of the past through issues such as: Current clues, objects, guestbook Algeria, places, remarks persons. And living in the third space, have been hybridity identity. And this affair has appeared in component such as language, religion, nationality, religion and the name. And because of the direct relationship between the "subject " (colonial) and "other" (colonized), despite the effort of "other" for, swoop of distance, also in the "other" place. There have been othering by emphasizing differences, plural pronouns absent, media, representation of stereotypes, racism, relying on the past.

Almost three centuries after the publication of The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe، J. M. Coetzee re-imagines the original story in two different versions; Foe (1986) and his Nobel Prize acceptance speech، He and His Man (2003). The recreation of one of the early novels of the Western literary canon from the viewpoint of a marginalized character، which is technically called postcolonial intertextuality، establishes a counter-discourse which aims at questioning ideological، Eurocentric and masculine supremacist discourses in the tradition of novel writing. In this article Coetzee’s two narratives are read as his attempts at transforming the monological discourse of the original narrative to a dialogical one and thus creating multiplicity of voices and in Mikail Bakhtin’s words، “polyphony”. However، this article argues that while in Foe polyphony is created through metafictional strategies such as ambivalence، He and His Man suggests that multiplicity of voice and polyphonic narratives are primarily the product of the writer’s development of، what Homi Bhabha calls، “hybridity” in his/her consciousness.

This research is the analysis of the contact zone and the tensions in western women’s travelogues. Travel writing as a genre has always been marginalized within the domain of literary researches, but travelogues by women have been doubly marginalized due to gender. In patriarchal societies, the literature produced by women has never been received as seriously as that by men. Western women, who were colonizers by race and colonized by gender, cannot use the omniscient point of view revealed in men’s travelogues, nor can they assume the objective pose that man travel writers usually boast of. Women, who had an unsure position between the discourses of colonialism and that of femininity, reveal such tensions in their writing that are mostly absent from men’s travelogues. These tensions and the role they play in the self-fashioning of British women can be traced in the images that they offer of the orient in the 19th century.

National identity plays such the most crucial role in forming plot and themes in an author's mind that characters in his story sometimes find the same identity. Migration in modern time is one of the ways which distant people from their national identity and culture and leaves them disserted in "liminal" space. Living in liminal space encounters migrated people with the most terrible challenge of their lives which coping with cultural shock. Asian people and specially women are facing with more serious challenge in this way, so some female authors, like JhumpaLahiri and MehrnooshMazarie, have tried to show the way women encounter with this challenge. This paper investigating challenging national identity of migrated oriental woman is postcolonial comparative study of abovementioned female authors' fictions. Migrated Asian women living at liminal space at west have to cope with accepting a new identity called transnational identity which is modern man's activity to forget his/her national identity and cultural roots and cope with new space's foreign culture. This paper aims at investigating characters and personal traits at both  authors'  works  to  study  the  way  transnational  identity  forms  in Iranian and Indian women living at west. The paper aims at studying the way  migrated  Asian  women  get  influence  by  receiving  transnational  identity. Also, using HomiBhabha postcolonial theories to study authors' fictions can show the true image of migrated Asian women at west. Since the Asian women with transnational identity are new women with new abilities and this image which need to be studied and presented, the paper aims at studying the new image of migrated Asian women by means they try to keep on their national culture and identity and live in borders of cultural spaces of multicultural society.

The present article starts with this presumption that the western philosophy has always spoken with the discourse of binaries. The binary of self and other has a prominent position amongst others and has been the focus of post-colonialist criticism. The self، while maintaining its superiority، attempts to move towards the other. This movement is never-ending and the “other” remains inaccessible. This need of the self for the other makes this relationship paradoxical. The researchers claim that the self in its attempt to move towards and understand the other has to transgress certain boundaries and this changes its identity. In this position، while the self is not totally the “other”، it maintains a distance from the selfhood and is transformed to “another other”. This article، by focusing on J، M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians analyses this curious relationship between the self and the other and is part of a PhD research project carried out at Islamic Azad University، Tehran Central Campus.