جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « واج شناسی خودواحد » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

This study deals with fortition processes in Sistani dialect as spoken in Sistan region located in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan province based on Autosegmental phonology by Goldsmith (1976). This is a descriptive-analytic study. So, 20 females and males more than 50 years old, low educated and Sistani dialect speakers have been selected by random. The data has been gathered by interviewing and recording their free speech for twenty minutes per person . The relevant data has been extracted from the recorded sentences and then transcribed by IPA alphabet. Eventually, the phonological rules of the data have been described and analyzed based on the concepts and principles of Autosegmental phonology.  The research results showed that the fortition process in Sistani dialect, is represented as glottal [ʔ] insertion in initial position of word, front high glide [j] insertion and nasal consonant [n] insertion between two vowels at the end of the word in the coda position, the conversion of voiced obstruent /ʁ/ to voiceless obstruent [χ], the conversion of obstruent labio-dental /f/ and /v/ to labial [p] and [b], gemination between two morphemes and at the end of some words and also, aspiration process in the voiceless obstruent consonants in the onset position of the first syllable, the stressed syllables in the middle of words as well as the coda position of the last syllable.

Hearing impaired children tend to use phonological processes and simplify words in speech due to hearing disorders. Sarhadi Balochi dialect hearing-impaired children are no exception to this rule. Meanwhile, the role of dialects in diagnosing hearing disorders and teaching these children is ignored. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the phonological processes of deletion of Sarhadi Balochi dialect hearing impaired children based on the theory of autosegmental phonology.

The current research is descriptive-analytical. In order to carry out the present study, 8 girls and 8 boys with hearing impairments who speak Sarhadi and live in Zahedan, were randomly selected. Linguistic data were collected through the researcher's booklet and then transcribed. The processes in the speech of these children were analyzed and described based on McCarthy's (1988) delinking principle.

The findings showed that Sarhadi Balochi dialect hearing-impaired children tend to delete coronal-back consonants at the beginning of the syllable, in an environment where there is a back vowel after these consonants. Also, in some cases, these children delete the final consonant, and in the process of cluster reduction, they tend to keep the sonorant and unmarked consonant. Finally, devoicing in the ending of the word was also observed in their speech.

In autosegmental phonology, Goldsmith (1976) expanded the phonological representation from linear to non-linear in frequent languages. Due to nonlinearity and the existence of layered structure in this approach, the present study with descriptive-analytical way define and analyze some of the phonological processes including spirantization, assimilation,, deletion and compensatory lengthening based on the principles of autosegmental phonology, i.e. spreading and delinking (McCarthy, 1988) in Sirjani dialect. To get the end, 40 speakers with different genders, ages, educations, jobs and from multiple areas of Sirjan city were selected randomly and data were collected by using free speech recording, interviewing and available library resources about Sirjani variety; then, the collected data were transcribed by using the "APA" and the existing phonological processes were extracted and classified based on the Kul division (2007). Consequently, the analysis of the used rules in linguistic corpus was done following principles of autosegmental phonology. The results of the research showed unlike the fortition process, there are many instances of lenition process in Sirjani variation and the spreading process is realized in the form of spirantization of stop consonants and assimilation of place of articulation and voicing  and the delinking process is manifested only in the form of consonant deletion.

Goldsmith (1976), in Autosegmental Phonology, has extended the phonological representation from linear to non-linear order in tonic languages. Because of the non-linear specification and the existence of layering construction of this theory, the present study deals with Lenition processes in the Sistani dialect in terms of spreading and delinking principles as proposed in autosegmental phonology. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. To this end, 20 male, old, low educated and rural Sistani dialect speakers have been selected by random. The data has been gathered by interviewing and recording their free speech. Then the relevant data were extracted from the recorded sentences and transcribed. The phonological rules of the data have been described and analyzed based on the principles of autosegmental phonology. The research results show that the spreading process in the Sistani dialect occurs in the form of processes including palatalization, velarization, and uvularization of nasal consonants, and place of articulation assimilation as well as spirantazation of stop consonants. Moreover, the spreading process happens in vowels in the form of nasalization as well. Also, delinking process takes place in deleting initial consonants /h/ and /ʔ/, final consonants /h/, /ʔ/, /n/, /t/and /d/, middle consonants /h/ and /ʔ/ and deleting voiced feature at the end of words.

Auto-segmental phonology is a continuation of research in generative phonology framework firstly proposed by Goldsmith in 1976. In auto-segmental phonology, phonological representation comes out of the linear mode and it is explained in form of network and hierarchy. Accordingly, in auto-segmental phonology, the focus is on the changes which phonological rules can do on the organization of phonological realizations. In auto-segmental phonology, realizations are not as the simple phonological elements which include all phonological rules at the same level, anymore. In auto-segmental phonology, phonological rules not only affect phonological elements, but also influence the manner of the relation of elements in different layers. This research aims to investigate the phonological process of vowels harmony in Gilaki dialect in Rasht on the basis of auto-segmental phonology. The research method is both descriptive and analytical. The data have been collected by field study method. The results revealed that auto-segmental phonology, itself, was able to explain and represent the phonological process of vowel harmony in Gilaki dialect of Rasht.

In Autosegmental phonology introduced by Goldsmith as an independent field of generative phonology, phonological representations are made up of different layers. In this approach, each feature or group of features that make a phonological contribution in a language is situated on independent tiers. In Autosegmental phonology, features are independent and have their own existence. The purpose of the present study is to introduce, analyze and describe the phonological processes of consonants in Farimani dialect on the basis of autosegmental phonology approach. The author seeks to assess the effectiveness of this approach on the analysis and justification of phonological processes of consonants in this dialect. Hence, the phonological processes of assimilation, elition, neutralization, compensatory lengthening, lenition, and fortition were studied. The findings indicate that a detailed explanation of the process of lenition, fortition and neutralization is challenging on the basis of nonlinear approach.

In Autosegmental phonology introduced by Goldsmith as an independent field of generative phonology, phonological representations are made up of different layers. In this approach, each feature or group of features that make a phonological contribution in a language is situated on independent tiers. In Autosegmental phonology, features are independent and have their own existence. The purpose of the present study is to introduce, analyze and describe the phonological processes of consonants in Farimani dialect on the basis of autosegmental phonology approach. The author seeks to assess the effectiveness of this approach on the analysis and justification of phonological processes of consonants in this dialect. Hence, the phonological processes of assimilation, elition, neutralization, compensatory lengthening, lenition, and fortition were studied. The findings indicate that a detailed explanation of the process of lenition, fortition and neutralization is challenging on the basis of nonlinear approach.

Autosegmental phonology has been presented by Goldsmith(1976) who introduced phonological representation as a multi-layer system and studied it in a multi-dimensional space where each dimension has its independent features. In this study, we described Sistani syllabic structure which seems to be different from other Persian dialects and represented the deep structure of Sistani Syllabic structure on the basis of autosegmental phonology approach. The evidence proved that Sistani dialect in its underlying representation has C(C)V(C)(C) structure. So, this dialect, in its underlying syllabic structure, has an initial consonant cluster which is absent in other Persian dialects. For example, the word "pesar" in Persian language is pronounced /psar/ ‘boy’ in Sistani dialect. The results showed that Sistani has inherited initial consonant cluster from Old Persian.