جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "dasein" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Phenomenology began with Husserl's research; From that time, it began its evolution and was expanded by other philosophers. This evolution continued and reached its peak with Heidegger's efforts. One of the prominent positions of the study of existence, everyday life and space in the field of phenomenology is in the examination of the personality of novels; Especially in the personality of Iranian women, who have been subjected to everyday life due to the duties of being a wife and housekeeper, they have forgotten their original existence. In this research, which was carried out by analytical-descriptive method, Zari's character as a housewife has been investigated. The research results indicate that Zari's existence goes through three stages from the beginning to the end of the novel. 1- the stage of neglect and degraded human reality; 2- The stage of fear and awareness, emptiness and despair as a result of internal and external factors; 3- The stage of transformation from degraded human reality to authentic human reality. Therefore, Zari's existence as a result of everyday life is full of emptiness, sadness and self-doubt; The hadith of the soul, which Heidegger refers to as conscience, after Yusuf's death, causes Zari to release himself from the degraded human reality and finally realize his original existence

This study examines the process of transcendental movement of the existential subject in the novel “The coin that Suleiman found” based on the existential semiotics approach Eero Tarasti and Shaieri. In existential semiotics, the subject is an actor who is constantly passing between Dasein and Transcendence. This movement continues until it is equipped with the Modal of "knowing" and reaches transcendental Dasein by passing through different Dasein.The main purpose of this study is to see how the ontic subject follows the path of transcendental movement in different Daseins and what force causes it to be thrown from one Dasein to another Dasein. The subject exists in the "realm of nothingness"; in this area, turbulent movement is formed on the axis of "Negation". A system of risk-taking is formed that forces the subject to take the first step to get out of the initial state to reach perfection.The hypothesis of the research is the state of "nothingness" by the intervention of different forces puts the ontic subject on the path of transcendence and transgression and forces him to rebel against his current state and enter the first Dasein. Then, the subject breaks the barrier of several Daseins and reaches perfection by passing through them. Suleiman as the protagonist of this novel goes through the three stages of existential semiotics operation. In the first negative transcendental movement, he enters the Dasein state from the pre-sign. Then, by going through Act-sign, he reaches the post-sign which is the realm of perfection

One of the most important reasons for the impact of the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar is the way these two main characters confront each other.  Despite most battles represented in Shahnameh, Rostam and Esfandyar before confrontation had always been on one side.  Therefore it seems that we are neither faced with good and evil in its literal sense nor with a sort of misunderstanding that happened in the tale of Rostam and Sohrab. Hence the characteristics that put these two characters opposite one another gain significant importance to such extent that the analysis of their fundamental differences is one way to discover the enormous impact of this tale.  To reach this purpose it is essential to find a suitable criterion in order to classify the characteristic features of each protagonist.  Attempt is made in this article to study the principal differences of the protagonists according to theories of “Authentic life” and “inauthentic life” put forward by Martin Heidegger paying attention to the role of the differences in the course of the tale that gradually brings about its tragic end.  The results obtained show that looking at the tale from Heidegger’s perspective not only can help us to better understand the root of their discords but also it can justify certain conflicting behaviors of Esfandyar.

There is a close relationship between history and literature while epistemology is one of the motivations for such a relationship (Farahani Monfared, 1994, 24). The arts and literature as well as science and technologies are relied on the past events. Historical knowledge cannot be considered as a leisure activity, but it is an important obligation which is formed for general and particular apprehension (Stanford, 2007, 186). Epistemology is one of the three tenets for all sciences which create all process of knowledge and conceptualization along with ontology and methodology. Actually, epistemology deals with contexts of knowledge and the ways that human discover the world (Boril & Morgan, 2995, 9). According to Heidegger, the arts are manifestation, a different method which vitalize truth so each period correspond with the method that creates truth (Bolt, 1395:74)
One the other hand, poetry as an abstract form of all arts is an ontological and historical manifestation. In these cases, a poet does not give historical and logical meaning to the phenomenon, though he is not separate from history and its related issues. According to Heidegger, poets are the excellence of their era, since they decide to capture the related aspects by their words. They are more ubiquitous than other humans and more sensitive to the potential capacity of the language in the cases of revealing the human dimensions for him as well as attachment to the historical, social and natural reality (Gelen Gary, 1999, 90).
 Methodology:

Recognition of Hafiz’s historical knowledge can explain the effect of his historical and social conditions as well as the level and characteristics of historical knowledge in his poetry, since Hafiz grew in particular historical and geographical contexts. This research with its descriptive-analytic methods and utilization of Heidegger’s theoretical concepts tries to explain backgrounds, preconceptions, and the characteristics of his intuition and historical knowledge in his poems.

Hafiz reflects our intuition and heritage in the history. History does is not considered as the books and the texts that were used for historiography; but, it is defined as the issues and problems which are passed in the history of a country. On the other hand, it must be said that the poet is a historic creature who grows in a particular time and place; so, he mentions the concepts and the elements of their national and historical identity in the poems. This kind of utilization has a close relationship with historical knowledge and intelligence as well as his attitude to this sphere and history of its territory. The knowledge and mentality of Hafiz in his poetry are based on the historical events and its related elements.
 Conclusion:

Any kind of understanding and recognition is basically chronological and historical. Realism, and Hafiz's backgrounds as well as historical and social and cultural context of his time and his past had an effective role in definition and formation of his historical viewpoint and knowledge in his poetry. In fact, factors like Hafiz growing up in a religious family, his reliance on the Quran as an inspiring source, along with study and thinking in historical texts like Shahnameh, and being surrounded by  historical, ancient ad cultural geography of Fars and living in a turbulent period has brought special capacities in the presuppositions of his historical viewpoint.
-Hafiz's historical view and knowledge in his poetry stems from various components like will and liberty, special attention to Jam-e Jam, making use of history as a means for creating content and serving as an example, trying to use historical and mythological elements, concepts and characters of Iran before and after Islam. Among these, prophets and religious figures besides historicak and mythological characters of Iran in pre-Islamic times had the highest frequency in his poems.
- In Hafiz's poetry history and its relative concepts and elements have been used as a cognitive tool in the service of offering wisdom concepts and the transience of the materialistic world and power.

As one of the most famous philosophers of the twentieth century, Heidegger has proposed significant ideas about ontology. The undercurrent of his philosophy is the question of being in the world or Dasein. He believes that human is the only creature for whom being in the world is a question and only human is capable of asking about Dasein. Heidegger thinks that authentic poets with their particular use of language are the rightful peoples that can perceive and reveal the truth of being. Sohrab Sepehri is a contemporary poet who has a systematic frame of mind. In his poems, especially in his late works, consciously, continuously, and varyingly he speaks about the true being of things. In this analytic-descriptive article, the authors study Sohrab Sepehri's philosophical perspective towards the ontological state of being. Similar to Heidegger, in order to understand being in the world, he refrains from any stereotypical and utilitarian outlook on it, and ignores the presuppositions. In his final Collection, Sepehri's earnest endeavors to understand the reality of existence are evident. Yet, although he eventually confesses that he has not completely understood the meaning of existence, he never despairs.