جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « gholam hossein saedi » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Magic realism is one of the characteristics of realism in the second half of the twentieth century. Kamal and Saedi are among the pioneers of this style. Al-Marhoum</em> and Azadaran-e Bayal</em> are prominent examples of this style. In this paper, the writer's methods are analyzed with a descriptive-analytical method based on the American school of thought. The need to know the content and elements of magical realism with regards to the social, cultural, and political problems of the two countries (Egypt and Iran), myths, and beliefs is the necessity of research in this respect. The results show that the authors used magical realism to express the political and social problems in their society. The element of "magic", "illusion", and "imagination", after the element of "reality", forms the foundation of these two stories. The background of both writers' tendency towards magical realism style should be considered through the psychological aspects of the characters in their stories and common individual characteristics. In Al-Marhoum</em>, the components of magical realism; Such as "symbolization", "mystery", "sound and smell" have a more prominent presence, and more examples of the elements of "duality", "myth" and "sound and smell" can be observed in in this novel.

An effective element of narration structure is “time”. In most of the cases, narration time is against the real time. A narrative discourse is characterized by the time as a principle and typical representation of events of the story. Gerard Genette, the French structuralist theorist, provides the most comprehensive discussions about time components and the effective factors on narration tempo. Accordingly, the current study applied Genette’s theory to study the concept of time and the factors effective on acceleration or deacceleration of tempo narration in Saedi’s Gharibe dar Shahr adopting a descriptive-analytical approach. Results indicated that the volume of text against the time of event, and the use of more deaccelerating elements in narration in different parts of Gharibe dar Shahr resulted in a negative acceleration of the story and slowed its tempo.

Confessional literature is a branch of literature that includes works that somehow tell the personal biography of the author. Love letters between writers, poets and world famous figures are typically of this category, are very attractive, and attract the reader's attention. This has happened in all cultures and literatures of nations and Persian and Arabic literature are no exception to this rule. Letters of Gholam Hossein Saedi, Iranian writer to Tahereh Koozegarani and Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian fighter and writer to Ghada Al- Samman, are considered as one of the most enduring romantic heritage of contemporary Persian and Arabic literature Which not only represent a poetic event, but also a combination of confession, burning love and nostalgia and show the power and greatness of love that afflicts everyone regardless of power, personality, pride and... .This study is a descriptive and comparative analytical approach to the formation of love and their lovemaking in these letters. Letters in which with the accuracy and honesty hidden in them, another aspect of the life of these two writers can be understood and from another perspective, the character and life of these loving lovers can be revealed. Avoidance of decorative sobriety and false masks, competition for love, crying and suffering for the sake of distance from the beloved, waiting for him and fear of losing him, seeing the beloved in a higher position, writing a letter as an objective solidarity of love And asking the beloved to do reciprocity is one of the most important common themes in the letters of these two famous Iranian and Palestinian writers.

One of the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi, in which the characteristics of the Gothic genre can be seen, is the collection of stories "Fear and Trembling". In this collection, which deals with the lives of the people of the southern coast, the author has crossed the boundaries of reality, filling it with apprehension and anxiety. The Gothic genre, which first appeared in architecture in the twelfth century and expressed mystery and horror, became a genre in fiction in the eighteenth century. In such works, the authors engage the readers with horror and mystery by creating a terrifying atmosphere and detailed and imaginative descriptions. The characters in these works are unbalanced, psychotic and sometimes criminal. The reference to secluded, remote, and uninhabited environments is another element of such works. In this series of stories, Saedi seeks to show the cultural and social backwardness of the beach dwellers by creating a frightening and sad atmosphere by referring to delusional and superstitious people and referring to the descent of calamity and death in various forms. Attention to the unnatural elements that bring this collection closer to the works of magical realism is one of the manifestations of the Gothic literature of this work.

The concept of "body" goes beyond a set of organs and functions that are regulated by the laws of anatomy and physiology. The body, above all, has a symbolic structure that provides a medium for the projection of cultural forms in their broadest forms. In this study, examples of this assumption will be followed in the study of plays produced in the Iranian dramatic literature of the Sixties and Seventies. An era that was accompanied by fundamental changes. In the mid-1970s, two-thirds of the country's population was young people under the age of 30. The country's education system also grew slightly to threefold. Influenced by the "post-colonial" discourse that flourished after World War II, this broad class at one point turned to the leftism; And turned to jihad in opposition to the regime of the time. The objection manifested in the literary / artistic productions - which are considered works in praise of the mass uprising -. This resistance is manifested in different levels of works; Among these, the "body" will be considered in the present study. Among the works of Art/Literary, an outstanding play by Gholam-Hossein Saedi, “Chub be Dast-haye Varsail” will be analyzed. In order to analyze the various aspects of the "body" in this play, first of all "gender; Appearance" is considered. In the next part, "body movements", and after that, "body stillness and creating illusion and imagination of movement" and its implications will be discussed. Finally, we will consider a topic that is specific to this play. the unique aspect of ‘body’, which has shown itself in the "Metamorphosis of the body”. Results indicate that the process of emphasis on the certain dimensions of body, helped the writer to alienate some characters. This process is possible by usage of the body's capabilities, for example by transforming shape of the body towards the animal figure.

The phenomenon of alienation according to the contrast between tradition and modernity, especially in Pahlavi era should have a meaningful relationship with the quasi-modernity flow and other intellectual and political flows. As the coup occurred in 28 Mordad 1332 was the most important and effective political flow that caused despair and failure and alienation in the middle and intellectual strata of society. So, it seems necessary to address the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi as an intellectual who represents the levels and aspects of this phenomenon. Because his literature is the product of a space that belongs to the field of quasi-modernity in Iran. This article tries to analyze and explain the story of "Cow" by Saedi (Bill Mourners Collection) which is in the form of a metaphorical and symbolic story, on the basis of alienation concept, and show the adventure of being alienation of Iranian human while facing reality, and also the role of inverted ideology in creation of this phenomenon. The research in question, after explaining the phenomenon of alienation based on genealogy of this concept shows its historical evolution in the views of Hegel and Feuerbach and Marx and Forum, examines the story of "Cow" according to metaphors such as "power and ideology", "identity", "another one". During the analysis of the story, we came to the conclusion that there is a hidden philosophical-psychological-sociological theory in the construction of the work that is visible in the structure, space and character of the story. Creating problematic characters like Mashdi Hassan, represents the author search to show a symbolic world tied to theory.

Attention to existence has a special place in the works of Gholam Hossein Saedi because it shows sociality and concern for existence. Although the author seeks to break the shackles and dependencies, he has also used the components of existence "death, suffering, fear and sin" in his works. The purpose of this article is to clarify the components of the philosophy of existence in the collection of stories of Gholam Hossein Saedi.

The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical and the information is collected by searching library resources.

The whole effort of the philosophy of existence is to cover the various aspects of humanity that value the sum of the physical, mental and social forces of man. While adhering to this philosophy has brought the responsibility of commitment to Gholam Hossein Saedi. Following Sartre, Saedi touches everything to show the traces of death and despair in his works. In Saadi"s works, we talk about the loneliness of the human subject, the inability to live and the emptiness of life and existence, and the presence of death, suffering, guilt and fear is felt everywhere.

The results of the research indicate the influence of Saedi"s worldview on the analysis of philosophers. The course of events of Gholam Hossein Saedi"s stories, for the depiction of social issues; He is free from any moral or religious claims, and his language reflects the daily life of all the weak and miserable sections of society. In most of his stories, Gholam Hossein Saedi has attacked the prevailing ideology in all aspects and tries to challenge all the social, cultural and economic sufferings of the society by challenging religious ideas and beliefs among different layers by challenging the institutionalized values. See the community; But after the rejection and condemnation of religious ideology, it offers nothing but despair, frustration, exhaustion, emptiness, and abandonment to a series of naturalistic or realist events and laws, an attractive or liberating solution for mankind. In fact, Saedi"s main message is to express the loneliness and anonymity of the human soul. He does not intend to please the reader with unreasonable things.

Existence is the philosophy of the originality of existence (one of the most important and influential schools of philosophy and literature in the world, the birthplace of which is "Europe"). Existence is directly confronted with the borderline situations of "death, suffering, fear, and guilt."Gholam Hossein Saedi (1936-1986), who is known as a modern writer, talks about pain, loneliness, and death. His works represent the literature of existence. Saedi's view of life is noteworthy. In his collection of stories entitled Bill's Mourners, he talks about the pains that have fallen on human spirits, and the atmosphere he depicts is full of fantasy, illusion, stress, economic and cultural poverty of rural and urban life in a way that the reader can not hope for a happy ending in the story. The power of Saedi's writing is rooted in his philosophical, literary, and existentialist thoughts, which modern man has repeatedly observed under the magnifying glass of his literary taste. One of the features of the story of Bill's mourners is sociality. Saedi tries to portray the ugliness, corruption, and inequalities of the society in front of the readers as well as expressing the consequences of this injustice. Most of the contemplations on the content of Bill's mourners' stories have been readable for critics, which is the link between social and personal issues and especially the impact of society on an individual's illness. The features that show the relationship between mental disorders and the social level are listed below: The philosophical despair of the characters are  intertwined with social pessimism and social contradictions; The psychology of the masses are illustrated in fictional actions; The villagers take refuge in the city and suffer from immorality and homelessness; The suburbs of cities are suffering from poverty and prostitution; Poverty in the modernized environment is threatening, and a fate awaits people; People ruined by heroism and sanctification; Urban dwellers, like villagers, are plagued by their superstitions; and The result of living in the conflict between tradition and modernity is isolation and loneliness. All the above features can be examined in the context of the borderline situations of "death, suffering, fear and sin". The main discourse of Bill's Mourners is critical, and the predominant themes of the works are the roots of moral corruption and mental illness in the society. Saedi combines attention to the aesthetics and creation of a story with modern methods of storytelling with political and social ideals. For this reason, he is known as one of the writers who pay attention to morals whereas the moralists criticize him. His writing style stands in the opposition to those of contemporary fiction writers. Being influenced by the world literature, he could also be compared to writers such as Dostoevsky, Faulkner, Hemingway, Joyce, and Marquez, due to his political leanings and representing the storytelling in a modern way as well. This influence is shownin two styles: realism in the style of writers such as Chekhov and Dostoevsky; and subjectivism in the format of mental-narrative works of Hedayat, the metamorphosed world of Kafka, the eerie atmosphere of Marquez, and the existentialism of Jaspers and Sartre. As a result, Saedi's thoughts have a strong influence on the philosophers' viewpoints. He seems to know the society, its main pains, and problems. The main themes in his stories are death, suffering, fear, and sin on which the existentialists focus. According to the results of analyzing the story of Bill's Mourners, characters not only do not go beyond the phase of moral existence but also do not get the phase of faith existence. The philosophy of existence has based its analysis of human destiny on three fundamental inferences and considered three signs. The purpose of this article is to clarify the three principles of the entity (benevolence, morality, and faith) in Bill's Mourners.