جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "her eyes" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Literature emanates from human mind, and the analysis of human mental actions contributes a lot to literary criticism. Psychoanalysis, as the science connecting literature and psychology, has been able to reflect the problems of society through psychoanalytic concepts by entering the field of literature and processing and analyzing the literary texts through characters and their inner states. In his novel Lascivious Eyes, the Saudi novelist Qmashh Allyan recreated the characters of the story through a psychoanalytic approach and highlighted the impact of divorce on the emergence of various types of psychological anxiety for children. Using the descriptive-analytical method and Freud's psychoanalytic criticism and relying on his theories of anxiety and defense mechanisms and the way these concepts are applied and implemented by the characters, this study seeks to analyze the impact of divorce on the actions and reactions of the novel's characters in order to provide a better insight about the phenomenon in question by extracting its components. The results showed that the two main characters of the story, after their family breakdown, were suffering in various situations from realistic, neurotic and moral anxiety and resorted to defense mechanisms according to the situation where they felt anxious to protect themselves from unbearabale realities and mental conflicts.

This paper seeks to represent and analyze the hope/despair dichotomy in the novel Her Eyes by the French philosopher's ideas, Gabriel Honoré Marcel. For this purpose, first, Marcel's theoretical foundations and views are pointed out. The representation of the hope/despair dichotomy in the novel is addressed via a descriptive-analytical research method. In his most crucial philosophical achievement, i.e., “the hope”, studies the ontology of this concept, making some divisions. He examines phenomena such as apprehension, fear, and anxiety with an existentialist view of man, associated with despair. In Marcel's view, hope is born from the bed of suffering, and it is in the presence of despair that hope is possible. So hope and despair are in confrontation and dialectic with each other. The research findings show that hope and despair in the novel Her Eyes are always in conflict, and the existing suffering and despair eventually turn to hope. Despite the novel's desperate atmosphere, the motif “hope” is represented as the dominant element, with themes such as love, protest and transformation.

Woman have always had various roles and impacts on the society and literature throughout history; influences that were both positive and negative from time to time. ‘Her Eyes’ by Bozorg Alavi is a political-romantic story. This study intends to investigate women’s features in this book through a descriptive-analytical approach. ‘Her Eyes’ depicts sacrifice of love to political pursuits and represents women’s position in Reza Shah’s society. According to this article, women are nothing but tools for men. In this book, the main character is a woman who is engaged in her romantic affairs that is to love Master Makan on the one hand, and has sociopolitical issues on the other. Woman is a symbol of beauty, seduction, misery and courage; one who is hopeless and oppressed; one who is between innocence and guilt. Misogyny in this story is a reflection of an era in which the writer intends to transform; an era in which patriarchy rules. Misogyny is considered a public disorder in this society; women exist in the shadow of men. In this book, women attain a relative superficial freedom through influences from the West. The results show that ‘Her Eyes’ by Bozorg Alavi is a realistic work to which romanticism is intermingled and it reflects the writer’s lifetime that is amalgamated with love and social-political issues that has led to creating a celebrated work.

Recently, the study of contemporary political literature, especially fiction, has established a strong link with critical discourse analysis. Accordingly, critics have tried to use this approach to find power relations within the text to discover the types of ruling political power and authorship ideology. One of the important approaches to critical discourse analysis is Fairclough's theory, which can help find features in the text that are ignored by ordinary reading.  This article examines BozorgAlavi's work "Her Eyes" based on Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis in order to measure the effectiveness of the theory in political novel analysis. Compared to other theories of critical discourse analysis, Fairclough's theory is the most comprehensive method in case of the analysis of novels. This approach delves into the relationships between linguistic events as well as cultural, political, and social factors (Crystal, 2008, p. 123). Fairclough considers discourse as consisting of three elements: i.e., text, interaction", and social context". He describes his method of analysis in the three stages of "text description", "interpretation of the relationship between text and interaction", and "explanation of the relationship between interaction and social context" (Fairclough, 2000, p. 168). The main purpose of the present study was to conduct a critical analysis of the novel "Her Eyes" in the three layers of description, interpretation and explanation. To serve this purpose, the linguistic constructions of the novel are explained by analyzing the linguistic forms at the level of description and their relationships with the sources of power in society in order to provide a scientific and accurate analysis.Following Fairclough's theory, the present article aimed to answer these questions: 1. Has the content of the story revealed the socio-political situation? 2. How are the author's ideological views represented in the text? 3. What linguistic tools are effective in explaining the author's ideology? In order to address to these questions, the research project in this article was undertaken to represent the ideology affecting the mind and language of the author. Moreover, efforts were made to explain the relationship between the text of the novel and the society at both the micro and macro level.

The approach adopted in the present study was descriptive-analytical and its analysis method was qualitative. The research data consisted of the ideological linguistic structures of the novel that expressed the author's ideology. These data were described, interpreted, and explained following Fairclough's strategies. Three stages were distinguished in the process of data analysis: 1. In the descriptive stage, the linguistic structures of the text were analyzed in terms of vocabulary and syntactic features. 2. In the interpretation stage, the authors paid attention to the act of discourse to analyze the text of the story based on the contextual factors. 3. In the explanatory phase, the authors dealt with the issue of social action, (i.e., the reason for the production of the text) in order to examine the dominant discourse and explain the socio-intellectual views governing the text.

The results related to the discourse analysis of the novel in Persian showed that, although the present study was similar to some other works in this field in terms of method, no researcher has so far analyzed the novel "Her Eyes" based on Fairclough's theory. Therefore, the present article, which examined the mentioned text, was the first essay in the study of Alavi's novel from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. In this regard, the authors claim that the article is innovative in terms of the new data it presents.At the descriptive level, focusing on vocabulary and grammatical aspects, the frequency of Fairclough's ideological strategies in the text of the novel is shown in the table below.

The face of a woman in contemporary Iranian literature is bold and different from classical literature. Bozorg Alavi and Ali Mohammad Afghani are talented writers of contemporary novels in which women play a pivotal role. In the novel “His Eyes”, Bozorg Alavi introduces a woman with a relatively different personality than the women of the society of that day. “Farangis” is a prominent female character in the novel "Her Eyes" who is modern and up-to-date and often conscious of her human rights, and she enters the political and social activities with different purposes. However, Bozorg Alavi has a bipolar view of women and he shows enigmatic and advanced aspects of her personality that are, of course, unfamiliar to the reader; but his women are self-motivated and energetic women who move away from the role of mother and wife and they seek social roles; however, women in the story of Ali Mohammad Afghani are traditional women with limited frameworks, which were normal in the society of that day. “Golanbar” is a poor, inactive and static woman who has a low-energy character until the end of the story. He is oppressed, obedient and poor in society and family, and he lives his life in hardship and uncertainty, and this poverty and limitation sometimes leads him to negative purposes.

Exploring Persian grammar books, we find that most of categorizations of adjectives are repetitive and similar to each other. Focusing on semantics, the present article, offers a new classification according to the assignment or non-assignment (generality) of the adjective to the nouns. Therefore, the adjectives are divided into two specific and general categories; specific adjectives are divided into two special categories (type 1 and special type 2) based on their belonging to a specific semantic domain, or just a to specific adjective. General adjectives are divided into three general categories: less active (based on the scope of belonging to words), semi-active general, and active general. To obtain a set of traits, three novels: Symphony of the Dead by ‘Abbas Maroufi, Suvashun by Simin Daneshvar and Her Eyes by Bozorg Alavi were selected to extract the traits. After extracting the traits, the adjectives are classified into the general and the specific. These two categories are, in turn, were divided according to the expressive adjectives (simple (absolute), active, objective, relative, merit). Finally, it was determined which of the expressive adjectives is more close to each of the new divisions. Accordingly, the active adjectives are more close to the active and possessive adjectives, and the passive adjectives are associated with the active and unauthorized adjectives; Relative attributes, especially when they convey the concept of gender, are specific to the semantic domain of inanimate objects. The attributes of gesture, ambiguity, number, etc. are common and are considered as general attributes.

Persian and Russian socialist realist literary works can be comparatively studied for their differences in language as well as the historical encounter between literatures of the two countries. The goal of this paper is to draw on the French school of comparative literature to study the influence of the Russian socialist realism on Persian literature with a focus on four famous Persian and Russian novels, that is, Maxim Gorki's Mother (1906), Nikolai Ostrovsky's How the Steel Was Tempered (1936), Bozorg Alavi's Her Eyes (1952) and Ahmad Mahmoud's Neighbors (1974). According to the results, the most important elements of socialist realism in the two Persian novels are: attention to the masses and the rise of the lower class, partisanship, typification, metamorphosis of the characters and apostasy, elements that did not exist in Persian novels before the emergence of Tudeh Party of Iran and the familiarity of Iranian writers with leftist ideas.

This research uses a sociocritical approach to analyze the discourse and image of men and women in the famous Bozorg Alavi’s novel called Her Eyes. Alavi is a realist writer who uses real events and reveals the shortcomings of the society of his time. Her eyes are a socio-political novels and the discourse of the characters represents socio-political concepts. The main purpose is to analyze the social issues of the novel arising from the discourse of the characters in order to observe the different positions of individuals in their speech and to understand how society manifests itself in the system of expression. This study demonstrates how we can ultimately reflect the structure of the society by examining discourse used in a novel. Our study also shows that the position and image of women is presented by Alavi is in complete contrast to what they were in the society. The woman is a person who has a dynamic role in society. An avant-garde character who introduces irregularities in aristocratic values and has profound effects on the creation of a new discourse. The sociocritical study with the aim of examining the elements of discourse helps us to take a path towards meaning.

From long time ago, woman’s being concepts and components always was known in the process of interacting with mens, but due to social structure developments and evolution in different fields. The opportunity of women’s strong presence in Iran’s contem porary literature had been created. Although women by entering to the world of novels were able to display their social individuality which is seemed to be their intellectual views ina believable way. Forming woman’s and men’s different language behavior is the result of their different use of language charts. Feminie writhing which is in gender linguistic field contains all dimensions of writing which is in gender linguistic field contains all dimensions of language like voice, world, morphology and syntatic system. Flence in this article, the effect of female gender variable on coversations and how this variable provides manifestation of different gender patterns and distinctive linguishtic species will be discussed. Since the characterization of a woman is a determining factor in her type of speech and language and this is the result of the author’s attitude and society’s view of her, there fore in this research attemped to analyze the woman’s discourse review with a sociological approach by studying four novels. Surashun, I turn off the lights, her eyes and missing soluch. Also an inconsistent speech which reflecting closes world view and different layers of society’s woman will be studied, infact the purpose is reviewing linguistic behaviors of characters not their social rols. Findings of current research suggest that components like attention to details while describing, avoiding bawdiness and taboo words, more accurate applying of color words, using polite forms of speech, internal conversations, uncertainty of speech and bounding to speech grammer in women language is higher than men. According to women’s and men’s language criteria and stylistic features in these novels, gender strucking language in women written novels has become more manifested than men writhe novels.

Stefan Zweig and Bozorg Alavi, as two well-known authors of the contemporary German and Persian literature and representatives of the school of realism tended to the creation of realistic works, depicting a completely authentic atmosphere due to the social and political state of their time. Bozorg Alavi tended to this writing style by studying and living in Germany and by getting to know the poetic works of the german authors. So he became one of the pioneers of the realistic narrative in Iran. The realistic perspective in Her Eyes, Bozorg Alavi’s work bears a great resemblance to the realistic perspective of Stefan Zweig in Schachnovelle. The following article is an attempt to match the realistic aspects of the above mentioned works against each other. The comparative study of these two works will determine, based on an investigation into the realistic factors, that Alavi and Zweig bare similarities in terms of their writing styles and these similarities indicate the influence of Zweig on Alavi in creating the Roman Her Eyes.

How do we experience elusive, intangible and concealed time in narrative fiction? This article examines the conceptualization of time in language. Redefining narrative from a cognitive perspective and explicating the function of time in fictional narratives, it studies the mechanism of time in Bozorg Alavi’s Her Eyes. Among the different aspects of time in narrative, this article considers the structure of time in relation to the events of the narrative and the way they connect with each other in a temporal chain. These two issues are discussed by having recourse to “Mental Spaces” and “Conceptual Integration” theories. Applying these two cognitive semantic theories to fictional narrative suggests that narrative spaces are structured by three elements including point of view, focus, and event. Based on their internal parts, each of these spaces, then, blends into another space and the string of events is thus built. Consequently, this article explains the construction and emergence of meaning at the level of discourse.

The goal of this article is to initially assert that belief in evil eyes maintains an age-old history among different nations, and people made used of different tools and particular plants to face and counter the consequences of spells, cast by evil eyes. This article discusses the different dimensions and aspects of this common belief in the view of Farsi classical works in verse. We realized that poets rendered a clear picture of community upon statement of this belief, while also creating pictures and redoubling the beauty of their poems with its assistance. The poets referred to many means for removal of spells, cast by evil eyes, while also elaborating on some of these common customs and traditions. In fact, they create astounding pictures in their works upon the usage of these age-old and all-encompassing beliefs.

Temporal Structure is a theory about the formation of the story structure with regard to the time frame. The cause and effect relations between the events in Bozorg Alavi’s novel, Her Eyes, are made by means of time. The disturbance of the conventional time sequences has caused this novel to start from the middle; frequent flash backs to the past in Farangis’s memories have made a non-linear, circular time frame in the novel. Every event is like a circle that begins from one point (the present time and physical environment; Farangis’s room) and returns to the starting point (the preset time) right after narrating an advanture (retuning to the past). So, Alavi is not complying with the conventions of story time structure. This paper aims at analyzing the temporal structure (the non-linear time frame) in Her Eyes. Moreover, it is an attempt to map the temporal structure theory onto the novel as a genre.