جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « highlighting » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The presence of local and colloquial language in poetry leads to a form of norm-breaking and prominence, referred to as dialectal norm-breaking. This deviation allows the poet to incorporate structures from a dialect that differs from the standard language into their literary work. Hossein Panahi, a poet from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, has frequently utilized norm-breaking to create poetry and enhance the appeal of his texts. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to elucidate the linguistic norm-breaking and the usage of local terms in his poetry. For this purpose, the poetry collections "Me and Nâzi" and "The Dog's Left Eye," along with seven sections and some of his prose works including "Roosters and Clocks," "Aunt Yun," "Two Ducks in the Fog," and "Something like Life," have been examined. The findings indicate that the highest frequency of linguistic norm-breaking exists in the collections "Clocks and Roosters" and "Me and Nâzi." In these works, he utilizes words from the Lori dialect and local vernacular to portray images of childhood memories, nomadic life, and the culture of the Lori people. Additionally, in the works composed by Panahi from 1995 to 2004, linguistic norm-breaking is employed, albeit with a lower frequency compared to the first period. In this era, the poet depicts a discourse that deviates from norms, reflecting their social struggles, quest for justice, and perspective on the world while their focus on the environment and nomadic life has diminished. The highest frequency of norm deviation during this period is observed in the collections "Bibi-Yun" and "I Don’t Know." It can be said that one of the factors influencing the poet's turn to norm deviation during this time has been the political and social issues in society.

The present study elaborates on the linguistic highlights in poems by Seyed Hamidreza Burqa’i (1983) based on the linguistic model of Jeffrey Leach (1936-2014). Burqa’i’s ritual poems have a distinguished status compared to contemporary poets due to their prominent linguistic factors, including deviation, and regulatory enhancement.

This study used an analytical-descriptive method and aimed at answering the following three research questions: 1) Which factors of highlighting are seen in Burqa’i's pomes? 2) Which elements is he most skilled at using? And 3) How effective is his linguistic highlighting for conveying the poet's emotions and thoughts? To answer these questions, the researchers have deployed Jeffrey Leach's linguistic model.

This study showed that Burqa’i used both deviation and regulatory enhancement (balance) elements in his poetry. Semantic deviation and semantic regulatory enhancement in Burqa’i’s poetry were more than other categories of highlighting. Among semantic elements metaphors, kenning, and similes respectively have the higher use. In terms of regulatory enhancement elements, semantic similarity factors have a higher frequency.

Therefore, it is argued that the factors of linguistic highlights, along with the eloquent and fluent language of the poet, indicate the poet's ability to use various linguistic capabilities and elevate his position. 

Poetry is an incident in language. Poets create innovative constructions by seizing the normal language. In this research, Rumi's linguistic changes in Shams lyrical poems have been analyzed. For this purpose, Shams Tabrizi Sonnets with Kadkani introduction and selection, were selected as the statistical sample of the research and were studied to identify the instances of linguistic changes which were then classified to two categories: lexical and syntactic changes. Subsequently, the lexical changes were categorized to three classes: structural, phonetic, and semantic. The results show that Rumi has violated the phonetic, morphological, and syntactic rules of the language and has created a novel work. This involvement of Rumi in language has led to: expanding and highlighting the language, and strengthening the musical side of his speech. The abundance of some of these changes is so high that it can be considered a stylistic feature of Rumi's sonnet.

The structure of the language of the Holy Quran is different from the language of other texts in ays and is considered as a standard of the Arabic language. Various factors have made the language of the Quran effective, meaningful and purposeful. This linguistic feature can be observed and proved from different angles. One of these unique features is the feature of purposeful highlighting and highlighting.Which is both in terms of structure and content. Jeffrey Leach's theory was adopted as one of the leading theories in the field of textual highlighting in Surah Qamar. due to its special content and message, full of aberrations and regularities. The result of this research, which was done in a descriptive-analytical manner, was that highlighting in the method of abnormalities and various regularities in order to convey the message to the audience has been widely used in Surah Qamar. In the meantime, syntactic, semantic and lexical aberrations have occurred in it more than other types of abnormalities.

Analyzing literary works based on linguistic frameworks is one of the ways of systematic study of these works. In this research, an attempt is made to examine Dehkhoda's poems based on Leach's norm deviation model, which includes eight types of norm deviation (phonetic, temporal, stylistic, dialectal, semantic, syntactic, written, and lexical). Different methods of norm avoidance and deconstruction of Ibtahaj's poetry have been analyzed and investigated to create poetic images. The results showed that Dehkhoda used the eight types of Leach's non-normative deviation and was able to make his language stand out in this way. In the meantime, he has used time avoidance more than other types of avoidance. The amount of use of other types of deviance and their consequences are also examined in the article. Due to these deviations, Dehkhoda expresses his meaning in an innovative and different way with ordinary words and in the most beautiful way.Also, putting the verb before other elements of the sentence is one of the most frequent examples of syntactic deviation in Dehkhoda's poetry. By using this method, he has evoked a kind of verbism and emphasis on the action instead of the agent.

Highlighting is a concept that was formed before World War II in the Prague school under the influence of Russian formalists, and they called it one of the factors that created literary language. This theory expresses the unconventional use of language tricks, in order to remove the dust of habit from the minds of the audience and make linguistic elements and functions appear fresh and new. Highlighting deviations from standard language; When a linguistic element is used contrary to the usual and attracts the attention of the audience. Nahj-ul-Balagha is, without a doubt, after the Holy Qur'an, the most precious Islamic heritage and reference, a charter of human development, a window to divine light and a path to the Kingdom of God. Therefore, this article tries to examine the text of Nahj al-Balagha from the point of view of highlighting and show the extent to which the Amir of the Faithful, Ali (A.S.) benefited from language possibilities and techniques of creating beauty. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and aims to show examples of semantic norm avoidance in some enlightening passages of this noble book in order to adapt the theory of formalists to the language of Nahj al-Balagha and finally to reflect the effect of this in the discovery The meaning of Maqsood and the acquisition of pleasure should be observed more. Among the types of semantic deviation, simile has the most cases; So that this is found in most of the sayings of Imam (a.s.). Irony, metaphor and permission are in the next ranks.

Focusing on form and high lighting it has changed in to an advantage for postmodernist authors. The meaning of Form in this trend refers to the format of stating or meaning making method. In this style all the preperations  that  are  at  the service  of  developing  a new and original form of  representing   meaning  are  considered  as  the inner aspect  of the  form  and the way  words are  written  on the paper،  playing  with words، repetition  and so on are considered as the outer  aspect  of  the form. Focusing on the outer form sometimes causes the writer to tend to words the formation with an inexcusable excess and to fail to express meaning. Therefore  in  contemporary  criticism، the study and analysis of  technics  of  innovations that theauthor  uses  for  postmodernism  meaning  making uses  for  postmodernism  meaning  making  have  been  at  the  center of attention.The purpose of this article is to examine the innovative semantic tricks in Amirkhani's "Bivatan". Based on this, recognizing the type of forms and novel forms used in “bivatan” and their effects on the meaning and deepening of content have been the main questions of this research. Examining the  elements of the forms and analyzing their roles in highlighting the themes of the story shows that Amirkhani's method was not merely apparent modernization, and he gave a special and thought-provoking depth to the content of the text by dynamically defamiliarizing and highlighting the form.

Scrambling is the process which various structures of the sentence move because of the discursive and semantic factors of their position. It is a syntactic tool for emphasize. In the Holy Qur'an, the lexical makeup and the formation of linguistic structures play an important role in the semantic aspects of the word. Therefore, changing of this has a significant effect in discourse. The Scrambling in any language is subject to the constraints and syntactic features of language, for this, this study aims to investigate the semantic transformations which derived from the scrambling of the Quranic pronouns in the process of translation from Arabic to Persian. In the Persian language, the scrambling is mostly used in spoken language, as well as in literary language, especially fictional literature. Therefore, it is difficult to make a discursive balance between Arabic and Persian languages at the level of notation and the contrasting emphasis of the syntactic scrambling. Due to the differences in the structure of the two languages, in some cases, the structure that is readable in Arabic as a result of the translucent structure of the markings should be equal to that of the structure without translating the accent into Persian and with the use of phonetic and accent instruments, must be transferred the emphasis in Persian. The most important findings of this study show that construction information of Arabic languages changes in translation for difference between Arabic and Persian languages.

From a constructivist point of view, normality is one of the most effective methods of language prominence and descriptiveness in poetry. Which many poets have enjoyed. In contemporary poetry, Nima played a big role in establishing this norm. One of the poets who uses the method of normative gesture to highlight his poetry is Saif Farghani. The fundamental place of language in literature as the most important means of creating an artwork is an undeniable truth. The language in literary works is so different and transformed that it is studied as a unique language. In the field of linguistic approaches, it is believed that the main factor of poetry creation in general is semantic normality. The main issue in this research is the descriptive analytic method of normativeism, and in particular the semantic normality in the Saif Farghani poetry. For this purpose, we tried to introduce the definitions of normativeism and the recognition of the sonnets of Saif Farghani, by selecting random samples from their nouns, the elements of the normative formulation of the semantic, such as permissible, simile, metaphor, abstract, contradictory ... Show it. Studies have shown that Saif has benefited from the normalization method and thus highlighted his poetic language. In his poetry, various types of semantic normality have been used, but this is not the same. One of the most frequent normalization of the Saif sermon is similar. And this norm-setting in his poetry is a type of embodiment

Regardless of the clear meaning of the words, the words also convey the implicit meaning behind them to the audience. Undoubtedly, vocabulary is one of the places where the ideology of media owners is hidden, this is one of the most important reasons why the media is very sensitive in choosing words to write news texts so that they can indirectly target the ideology. In this research, we tried to determine how those in power use words cleverly and purposefully to induce their own attitude in the media, a topic that was selected for research and analysis. The issue is Iran's attack on US military bases in Iraq after the assassination of “Sardar Soleimani”. Researchers examined the meaningful use of words on four news channels: Al- Arabiya, Al-Jazeera, Al-Maydeen, and Al-Alam, based on a critical discourse analysis from Van Dijks point of view. For this purpose, the news of these networks on this topic was collected and after purposeful selection, forty news texts that had the most relevance to the research topic were analyzed. The results show that the media used different terms to describe this base bombed by Iranian missiles. Including: Ain Al-Assad base in Iraq, American base Ain al-Assad and International coalition bases and US capital. A closer look at the meaning behind these words shows that these four words create four different meanings in the mind of the audience

Abnormality is one of the most effective methods of language prominence and familiarity in poetry that poets have always used. The evolution and literature of the language of poetry is realized by transcending the rules of standard language and benefiting from unconventional constructions, and due to the repetition of a prominent feature in the poetic expression, it also becomes a stylistic recognition and identity. One of the types of abnormalities with which the poet achieves the creation and creativity of the literary work is the grammatical abnormality, which has become a recurring feature of his poems in Farrokhi's poetry. Therefore, what is examined in this study; Explaining the role of abnormality in Farokhi's poetry by studying the text and analyzing the content using a qualitative-descriptive framework in Farokhi's poems. The achievement of the article shows that it is important that, firstly, highlighting in the grammatical field of language with the way sentences are arranged, disrupting the directional order of words in the axis of companionship and also his creative insight into language acquisition and mechanisms, transcendental movement of Farrokhi poetic language two show that among the grammatical aberrations examined, the most prominent ones have occurred in the field of verbs.

Parasitism in automated language is one of the key issues of modern linguistics that Goldman's proverbs has interpreted as normative. Normativeism is the most common type of "rhetoric of image" in contemporary Iranian poetry. In contrast to the literary habit or the normative avoidance, the divide is divided into three areas of semantic, lexical, and temporal normative. East of grief, the sound of water, the footsteps, the volume of green, and the "we are nothing, we look" we came to the conclusion that, through a variety of normative evasions, a wide range of semantic norms such as recognition, symbolism, paradox, new combinations, And is less sensitive to other forms of norm avoidance, no doubt because of their professionalism and introspection. Is on. Studying Sepehri's poetry can be a testament to the validity of such an approach, since it can make a meaningful connection between habitual thinking, (contradictory) Sepehrian thinking, and normative language avoidance. The research method in this study is based on data analysis and description. .

 Taleb Amoli is one of the greatest speakers of the eleventh century AH which has played a significant role in the development of Indian style. The most respected researchers are on the aspect of imagination and the theme of his poetry. In the meantime, less emphasis is placed on the structure and linguistic aspects of his poetry, in particular the art of composing. In this essay, he addresses this aspect of his language. One of the most important elements in the style of poetry is the linguitic strueture of the poem one of the tools that talib has used in has poetic lingustic stracture is highligting.Taleb has made the most of this principle in order to combine it And most of his compositions follow the principle of the audience. Compositions derived from the Amolite Tribunal have been reviewed and analyzed under titles such as combinations of compounds, pseudo-combinations, compound and compound adjectives, compound formulations and compounds. Finally, the main point of the article is that Amoli's Taleb has entered countless combinations in the Persian vocabulary range. Many of these compounds are eye-catching and delicate, and the separation from being distracted gives a fresh look to the language of his poem. Taleb's performance has led these derived combinations to take place in a suitable position that enhances both the formal value of the word and the meaning of its word. Therefore, it can be said that the dominant language of the Taleb Amoli, the combination and the necessity of special interest in these compounds is obvious.

Communication equipments is one of the most significant tools for information exchange in the modern era. Traditionally, newspapers and printed matters have had a special place in informing and culture-developing. How to framing, highlighting and censoring information in different newspapers represents their political, social and economic approaches properly. If a newspaper is dependent on the governing system of a country, this can be considerably important, so that a realistic analysis of that governing system alongside of various issues can be represented by analyzing and investigating the information structure of text during a certain time. The present study seeks to examine editors-in-chief's articles (including 44 cases) of Egyptian Newspaper "Alahram" by mixed method published during 2018. In this regard, theoretical concepts such as framing, information structure, marking, topicalization and highlighting were used. The findings show that the editor-in-chief presents a cohesive، targeted and oriented about internal reading , regional and international issues by marking language structures and framing audiences' mind in the direction of Egypt governing system specially "Abdol Fattah Al-Sisi" government.

Traditional research is not only inexpressive, scattered and lacking theoretical bases but also deals abstractly with literature. In this approach, methodology is prescriptive and offers some do’s and don’ts about literature. On coming new literary methodologies, researchers discussed different aspects of literature and employed a pragmatist approach. The advantage of such theories is to use and appropriate them with certain texts to crystallize the theories. In this research, eight types of deviation (lexical, syntactic, vocal, writing, semantic, dialectical, stylistic, and temporal) are studied based on Leech’s deviationism (1969) in Ibn Hesam’s poetry. The results show that semantic deviation is more frequent than other forms of deviation. Syntactic, temporal, lexical, vocal, stylistic and dialectical deviations are more frequent, respectively. Writing deviation which is mostly associated with modern poetry had no frequency in his poetry.

Generally knowing literate language and literary texts will undermine the desire of the reader. For this reason, the prominent writers use new methods and tricks in the creation of literary texts that enhance the taste of the audience and the language of poetry. Sanai Ghaznavi is a member of this poetry group who has entered the mystical arena into sonnet and has also been widely used in Ghazal for the first time as a contradictory technique. According to Shkolovsky, art technique is "unfamiliar" with things, obscuring forms, to increase the difficulty and length of time of perception. (Scholes, 1383: 122). Jakobson considers highlighting the most important reason for Turn away from routine language, which release speech of stereotypical damage and repetition (Shamsa, 2009: 179) The same thing that the Sanai did in sonnet has led to the same result, using the highlighting of contradictory images in the form of widespread confrontations and saved the Persian sonnets from vanity; since sonnets went further from the norm and conventional. What seems to work is outstanding and art. One of the methods of alienating the word is the contradictory that causes the readers hesitate to read the text. Otherwise, easy reception of the poem's message, and the early identification of the poet (finding his purpose), brings the poem closer to the article. Due to the great work of the Sanai in the development content of the Persian sonnets, it should not be dealt with as it should and maybe. Perhaps only because his favorite sonnets are still childish and raw. For this reason, we decided to analyze Sanayi's lyrics by half a look at the structuralist theory in the contradictory field, a poet who, in the words of Said Hamidian, is a significant taboo breaking and normative. (Hamidian , 1390: 137). The questions that this research seeks to answer are what are the causes of the emergence and expansion of contradictory images in Sanaa sonnets? Also, what is the function of this rhetorical element in his lyricism and how does the poet create it?
Since Sanazi Ghaznavi is the first poet who has grown extensively to sonnets, it is necessary to explore the aesthetic mechanisms of his sonnets. The purpose of this essay is to explain the paradoxical rhetorical element as one of the important structural elements of this poet's sonnets.
Research This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach, using a library and documentary approach. In this way, the sources of contradiction are examined first, and in continue with this approach the contradiction in the Sanai poetry will be analyzed.
The contradictory is one of the semantic normative forms in which the poet or composer uses the combination or the verb in a manner that appears to be seemingly dispassionate and meaningless but has meaning or contemplation, or a truth The diversity and extension of contradictory in the Sanayi sonnets is such that a cultural point of view can be obtained from. Since the initiator of the sonnets, in its special sense, is Sanai, the paradoxical images of the sonnets must be based on the findings of this research, and this is an undeniable fact that the sonnets after the Sanais have been influenced in this way of speaking. As Shafiee says: " contradictory images, in the exact sense of the word, begin with Sanai and his poetry that Mowlana has expanded the same image." (Shafie Kadkani, 1996: 56) The duality of the nature and character of Sanai, The turmoil in the social conditions of the sixth century, the different modes of love and the duality of the basis of human thought, and the factors of this kind, can be the reasons for the contradictory application in the Sanai sonnet. The contradiction is rooted in all the intellectual and existential writings of the Sanai; there is this contradiction in his personal life, he sometimes has a shelter, sometimes homeless, sometimes barefooted, sometimes with a foot, sometimes in a mosque and sometimes in ruins. (Zarrinbub, 1376: 245). In the structure of his sonnets, this contradiction can also be seen in terms of humiliation of wisdom, respect of wisdom, respect of beloved, humiliation of beloved, ethereal beloved, terrestrial beloved, being male partner, the female partner, tends to Christianity, Christianity evasion and so on. All of these factors play role in the poet's sonnets contradictory. The Sanai uses various ways of constructing a contradictory in his sonnets. This construction sometimes appears in the form of a combination, and sometimes with a mixture of both negative and positive (denial and proof). Sometimes the poet expresses something contrary to reason in the form of contradiction, sometimes contradicting the law and in some cases contrary to custom and habit, and sometimes contradicting the material that is scientifically impossible. In this article, we will examine the Sanai's paradoxes from two perspectives: one in terms of structure and the other in terms of content.
Sanai is the first Persian poet to use the contradictory in his sonnets. The frequency of this stylistic feature in the poet's poem is very high, to the extent that a culture of contradictions can be made. This rhetorical element is presented in a variety of forms in the Sanai sonnets. The paradox in poet's sonnets, in combination, in constructing a sentence, and in ethical areas, is contrary to the law, beliefs, scientific subjects, and affairs. All types of paradoxes in Sanai's sonnets have artistic and aesthetic functions, which make desertification and highlighting. The other function of the paradox in the poet's sonnets causes the language to be individualized to the extent that it results in the audience's attraction. Another contradictory performance of the poet's sonnets is that the message reaches the reader later, a point emphasized by the structuralists.

Resistance literature as a literary genre has a long history and since the birth of literature, moved alongside it. Kaiser Aminpoor has special place among the prominent poets of this kind of literature in Iran and his poetic language distinct from poetic language of his contemporaries that the reason for this distinction is his focus on different aspects of language and particularly the issue of archaism in poetry. Archaism is indicative of the ancient poets grammar in the language of poetry and its reflection in the words and syntax. In this study, has been paid to level of the lexical archaism (noun, adjective, adverb, verb, word) in full array Lyrics Kaiser Aminpoor that in the present study is considered the performance and motivation of choice of ancient words and vocabulary building. The aim of this study is to elucidate the function and structure of the ancient vocabulary used by the poet and the relation between language and his views on poetry.the results achieved by using of the way descriptive and library and analysis lines and survey, indicates that poet is considered in his choice of words of ancient often aspects epic, mystical, musical, rhetorical and poetic and is adapted modern languages with ancient patterns.

Highlighting, under the title of deviation or normalization, is one of the concepts by which literary texts are being studied in formalism. Deviation is one of the most effective highlighting methods of literary language and defamiliarization in Persian poetry. It has been made clear that most of contemporary poets such as Simin Behbahani have applied this method, deviation from the rules of standard language or adding it some new rules, to create stylistic differences in both fields of language and music. Now, this question arises: How do the Simin's poetry defamiliarization in these mentioned fields influence on the degree of prominence and distinction of her poetic style in comparison with other contemporary poets? The considerable frequency of deviation in Simin's poetry is what has been shown in present study. Semantic deviation, that includes eloquence and exquisite, culminates imagination in poetry is seen more than other types of deviation. It has been tried, in present paper, to study the processes of deviation and normalization in the poetry of Simin Behbahani.

One of the important fields of research and study which recently has been absorbed a lot of attention is Persian literature review, based on new theories of linguistics and literature. The theory of ‘‘deviation of norm’’ is one of these theories which the first time was offered by “Leech”. It is also one of the main causes of emerging literary style. In the current study, to answer the question of how “Sana’ee’’ has benefited of phonetic deviation of norm in literary creation, His Mathnavies, includes Hadiqat al Haqiqa, Seyr-Al-ebad, Aghl Nameh, Esgh Nameh, Sana’ee Abad, Tahrimat al Ghalam, Tariqat al Tahqiq and Karnam-e-Balkh have been reviewed based on this theory. Hakim Sana’ee is a great poet and mystic Sublime of the sixth century and is the absolute masters of Persian poetry. He was born in the mid or early of the second half of the fifth century in Ghazni. He is the first poet who has entered Sufi and Qalandaris terminology into poetry. According to topic he used verses and Hadith in his poetry as well as medicine, astronomy, and Thaphsir. Sana’ee's works include: Koliat-e-Divan, Hadiqat al Haqiqa (Fakhi Nameh or Ilahi Nameh), Karnameh-e-Balkh (Motaie Nameh), Sial Ibad Ilal Maead, Tahrimat al Ghalam and Sana’ee’Makatib. Other works that apparently referred to Sana’ee include: Tariqat al Tahqiq, Aql Nameh, Eshq Nameh and Sana’ee Abad. To do this, such Mathnavies were examined in terms of referrals of phonetic deviation of norm, such as abdal, saturation, discount, etc. Anonymous poem should be fluent and beautiful views. Both form and meaning must be good without blemish. The word has a great importance in his poetry. And if he wants to employ a word in his poetry, rhyme restriction does not prohibit him from doing so. By checking out his lyrics it was cleared that, like other poets, in case of necessity rhyme he has used phonetic ’deviation of norm’ and in some cases phonetic ’deviation of norm’ has been used in order to create innovative array to increase music lyrics more effective. The innovation in this field means that causes the rhetorical cohesion through makes the word of literary phonetic and musical relationships. In fact, the poet with the using it in the poetry rhetorical figure has established a strong link between the words as well as creating a kind of music in word. According to the results, in Sana’ee’poems Litotes is the most frequent phonetic deviation of norm and intensification process is the least frequent one. Despite such literary status, the Aql nameh Mathnavies, by no means cannot be compared with Hadiqat Masnavi, Sana’ee has applied the largest number of phonetic deviation of Norm in this work. While Hadiqat has highest number of phonetic deviation of norm namely 3697 but in proportion of literature, has the last place of using deviation of norm. Perhaps Sana’ee became more mature in language and literature of words, phonetic deviation of norm that was related to the exigencies of rhyme and rhythm, has been further weakened in his the poem. Sana’ee has benefited from all subsets vocal deviation of norm in his poetry. Litotes is the most frequent phonetic deviation of Norm and intensification process is the least frequent one.

Logical discussion about Islamic principles began by the Quran itself and has always urged people to have faith with strong and firm reasons. Similar to Imam Raza, who taught the principles of Islam to various sects and made them contemplate through discussions and debates. At the present time, due to emphasis upon the linguistic delicacies and multiple approaches to verbal analysis, the inner layers of speech are revealed better than the past. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical approach; based on using linguistics and discussion of discourse analysis. The operational explanation of this research is based on the ideological language features of Van Dijk's ideological square, which plays an important role in the final analysis of the debate. Imam used language tools to influence his audience and persuaded them by neutralizing their own arguments against them. Meanwhile, the use of emphasis and the use of various types of nouns, including the proper nouns and irregular verbs and the Quranic intertextuality are significant in highlighting the main points of Imam's debate. This is to the extent that divergent answers to the questions of the subject, without the emphasis or proper use of words with weak meanings, have led to the marginalization of some concepts of the opponent.