جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Sheikh Sanan » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Folk tales can be explored from different aspects and dimensions, including rhetorical dimension. In this article, three Kurdish stories of "Shoor Mahmud and Marzingan", "Sheikh Farrokh and Khatun Esti" and "Shaykh Sanan" which have been compiled by Qaderi Fattahi Qaderi have been analyzed and analyzed rhetorically.  The descriptions mentioned in these stories have found special rhetorical effects in accordance with the thoughts and lives of Kurdish speakers. In addition to rhetorical study of the descriptions of these stories, we have adapted them to similar examples in Persian order texts and folk poetry. The result of this analysis and adaptation is that these three Kurdish folk systems are intellectually and linguistically similar to the Khorasani style and are rich in terms of literary types, but in comparison with the examples of Persian order texts, the simile element has a higher frequency in them.Further searches in the rhetorical analysis of these stories showed that the simile-driven rhetoric of these stories has similarities with the rhetoric of folk lyrics, especially folk dobits, but there are also several cases in these stories that are special and unique and there are not about the same authors searching for them in official literature and folk poetry.

The story of "Sheikh Sanan" is one of the beautiful narrations in Persian literature. The application of new theories causes the mentioned anecdote to show sociological and psychological suggestions beyond its mystical text and context. Using approaches related to social psychology, in addition to taking the text out of the traditional limitations, an expounding and interpretativecapability is provided to estimate the story of "Sheikh Sanan" according to Irving Goffman's " stigma" theory. In the present article, an endeavor is made to scrutinize the "story of Sheikh Sanan" by means of qualitative description and analysis. The premise is that there are variables such as "play pattern", "pattern of individual and collective kinship", "social exclusion and isolation", "loss of common identity", "learning", "knowledge and insiders", "Revelation", "habitual", "recovery of lost identity", "defense and psychological mechanisms", etc. in the mentioned narrative, has caused criticism and analysis as well as the results of applying Goffman's "stigma" theory, be believable and convincing.The presupposition is that the lack of balance between the individual "self" and the social "self" has caused the "stigma" of Sheikh Sanan.

In the present research, with a linguistic approach, we examine the conceptual metaphor of love in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr, taking into account the theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. For this purpose, we have divided the story into three periods of sharia (law), tariqat (mystical way) and truth, and in order to understand the abstract concepts of love, we have analyzed all three periods by using analytical-comparative method. Also, based on the conceptual metaphor of love, some examples of the verses of the story have been examined. The findings of the research show that Attār has used various conceptual metaphors to represent love in the story of Sheikh Sanān. The micro-metaphors used in the surface structure of the story have a basic substructure called "mystical love" that gives them coherence. In terms of frequency, the macro-metaphors of the story are placed in three categories: ontological, orientational and structural metaphors. If we pay attention to the metaphors in the story, it becomes clear that the macro-metaphor "God is love" is the most central metaphor and all micro-metaphors have played a role in the evolution of this macro-metaphor.

Examining the works of prominent writers and poets based on psychological theories is one of the noteworthy ways to get better acquainted with thought, poetry and their personality. Accordingly, we intend to examine the story of Sheikh Sanan and Tersa's daughter based on the fundamental needs of contemporary contemporary psychologist William Glasser. Therefore, first, Glaser theory is introduced, then the story of Sheikh Sanan and Tersa's daughter is analyzed. Examining the relationship between the story and this theory has led to the emergence of new dimensions of it. This descriptive-analytical study using Glasser's theory seeks to investigate the concept of need in the personality of Sheikh Sanan. The results show that out of the five basic human needs (love, survival, power, freedom, entertainment) that Glasser raises, the need for love is more pronounced than other needs. Of course, love does not have the same quality and state in the character of Sheikh Sanan, and sometimes it fluctuates from carnal to mystical love. Other needs, such as the need for power, survival and freedom in Sheikh Sanan, depend on the love of the true lover; But there is no need to prove the need for fun in the character of Sheikh Sanan.

Taboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present study, by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources, examines the examples of taboo-breaking in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr. In the article, the taboos are divided into two categories: Islamic and Christian taboos, and each of them has been analyzed according to the relevant religion. The main question is, given the character of Sheikh Sanān, why are taboos broken? The answer of the question is given based on the psychology of Jung and according to the principles of Islam and Christianity. Carl Gustav Jung believes that the incompatible and negative features are the result of the function of the shadow archetype. Therefore, the reason for breaking the taboos by the protagonists - Sheikh Sanān and the Christian girl - is the result of the action of the shadow archetype.

The story of “Sheikh Sanan and Christian girl”, which is one of the longest stories in Attar’s Mantiq al-Teyr (Conference of the Birds), is rooted in real events and has been cited in many credible references preceding Attar. Nonetheless, Attar's narration of this story has gained popularity due to its integration with mystical and Sufi concepts. On the one hand, this narration has unveiled Attar's ascetic face and has turned Sheikh Sanan's story into an ideological and religious text, on the other hand, it has been subject to various interpretations, some of which are contrary to its ideological beliefs and have raised epistemological questions. In view of that, through seeking a counter-discourse line of thought in the story of Sheikh Sanan, we intend to answer this question: If the story of Sheikh Sanan is an ideological and religious text, how has it been subject to various interpretations so far? By tracing the history of the evolution of the term "infidelity" in Sufism of Khorasan before Attar, the writer has shown the background of this term and how it had evolved prior to its being taken up by Attar. Analyzing the story through Critical Discourse Analysis was the next step. The results of the research indicate that in fact the history of the evolution of the term "infidelity" as well as Attar's intellectual system allow the interpreters to recognize this term in the story of Sheikh Sanan in its evolved meaning (counter-discourse) and thus consider an intrinsic meaning for "infidelity". Accordingly, it could be seen that the relationship between infidelity and religion is sometimes opposite and sometimes a parallel movement.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of counter- discourse in strengthening, consolidating and reconstructing the meaning of a sign or deconstructing the discourse signs of another related discourse. Through explaining the linguistic and semiotic mechanism of the text from counter- discourse viewpoint, this study seeks to examine the ways by which different discourses interact and compete with each other. Furthermore, it attempts to explain the way meaning is produced, transformed, or confirmed by discovering the nodal points of the discourse. Counter-discourse creates a situation in which each discourse interacts with or challenges another discourse and gains confirmation through its support. In the present study, the functions of counter- discourse in shaping signification and the process of meaning-formation have been revisited. The main question of the research is how and by what means the Counter- discourse in Sheikh Sanan story (in Attar’s Mantiq al-Tair) are representing the interactions and competitions between different discourses. For this purpose, the present study, via adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and qualitative discourse analysis method, explains the elements and components that act as counter- discourse in the story and aid the main idea of the story to be supported and expanded. The findings show that this story uses various kinds of counter- discourse such as referential simulation, narration, metaphor, intricacy, delegation, questioning, action suspension, evidentially, actor revival, supernatural wonders or miraculous acts, and anti and transcendence discourses; through which it has supported and affirmed the main discourse of the story.

Time as a narrative element and one of the factors of the fixation of the form can lead to implicit implications for the "aesthetic-reflection" link, which translates the text into double integrity. In spite of the fact that many of the classical textbooks have been produced with a kind of pivotal result and are less
indirectly implied by narrative elements; in some of the narrative narratives of that era, such as the Sheikh Sanan Attar allegory, there is a significant relationship between time There is a distribution of narrative with the situation, the actions of the main character of the story and the theme. In this descriptive-interpretive way, this article examines the flow of time in the narrative of Sheikh Sanan as a narrative element to explain the types of cohesion in that text. The theoretical basis of this paper is to introduce the flow of time in three forms of order, continuity and frequency; the pattern of genes and in the discussion of time in the moral formulation of Wallace Martin's words. The result implies that the time distribution in the allegoric with all sorts of time, frequency, and repetition has led to two levels of structural coherence and thinking. In the mean time, the narrator, by relying on the moralities, ceases to narrate the time, directly Discuss the idea with the audience.

Semiology-semantics criticism is an instrument for the perception of meaning.In semiology-semantics, contrary to structural semiology, signs have the opportunity to take on new signs.By creating coherent discourse systems, Gremies paved the way for interpreting the narrations, realizing that there is a drawback in the meaning in the initial narration, which needs to develop into a transcendental sense in a secondary stage at the end of the story.The story of Sheikh San’an is one of the narratives that suffers from the drawback of a chaotic state related to Sheikh San’an at the beginning of the story in which, in view of his dream, he takes an inevitable action which leads to the representation of some discourse systems.In the present research, using content analysis, we made an attempt to clarify that Attar Neishaburi has the intension to alter the undesirable initial state into a favourable one at the end of the narration by a pre-set plan.In analysing discourse systems, the first intelligent discourse system is prevailing. This means that the narrator, using systematic speech acts, depicts the evolution of meaning following an intelligent discourse.Two types of tension-emotional and providence- are created through the story, which assume the second and third status, respectively.

Study of the structure and form of literary works have provided a background for developing methods for growth of meaning in these texts . Tales and stories that contribute a huge part of world literature create different semantically methods and sciences with their structure .among these, narratology has created a new method in art and narrative literature arena by employing methods and principals for organizing and analyzing elements of the story .Theory of narratology in addition to attracting the attention of critics towards new methods of structural analysis has provided employment of these methods during narrative studies in the field of contemporary literature. "Gérard Genette" as one of the narratology theorists has proposed one of the most important issues of this science .He define narrative from the three levels of story, narrative and narration, with its components .The present article analyzes Sheikh Sanan story from the perspective of this theorist’s narratology .The results show that in this story levels of Genette’ s theory of narrative such as story narrative and narration and elements such as discipline, order, time duration, volume and tone exist in parts of the story and in some cases continue to narrate the story to the end with slightly different elements.

Among the literary works in the world, there are some similarities between novel of the Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse and the tale of the Sheikh Sanan in the Manteq Atteir by Sheikh Attar, which make them comparable. The theme of both tales is seeking perfection and felicity as well as following the direction from apparent perfection to a real stage of perfection. Both Siddhartha and Sheikh Sanan have high degree of perfection and felicity in the people's point of view; however they left everything and engage in seeking. Love has a characteristic role in both tales, so the basic change of both characters starts with earthly love and brings them to the denouement. In this article the similarities were represented at first based on the structural analysis including the characterizations, actions, turns, conceptual language and background of the two texts. Then, the reason of the actions were compared and presented beside the conceptual similarities and differences between two tales.

There have always been Features and characters in different cultures and literatures that because of their unique characteristics، they have had the ability for going beyond their dramatic personality and becoming one of the outstanding features in people’s mind. These features and characters، in addition to their literary position، have such a popularity، historic presence and inspiring aspects in people’s mind that we can call them “the cultural sculptures” or “the eternal samples of mind” of the society. Faust، The hero of Guteh، and Sheikh San’an، hero of Manteghotteyr، are some of these eternal samples of societies. They are the symbol of power inclined will and، spiritual leader of my stoicism، are two features that in this research are studied and compared.

In Maghamat Al Tiour book, Sheikh Sanan tale is a branch in narration. Regarding A Tar’s method in narrating tale, it shows the connections among tale and human characters, and animal characters like those of Mantegh Al Teir.On the other hand, the tale resembles to the content of birds section in other language like that of seven spiritual researches.The same tale means Sheikh Sanan (Sana, Saman) has interconnected with Josef verse (both in form and content). It shows the physical and spiritual journey of Baghdad old Sheikh in seven dangerous lands of love, in order to assure the mysterious sayings of Atar in the birds section.This study is based on the theoretical, comparative literature, it shows bilateral relations between Sheikh Sanan’s tale and Quran (Josef messenger tale), birds tale and seven spiritual lands.