جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « feminine writing » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

”Feminist stylistics" is one of the sociocultural approaches to stylistics that "Sara Mills", a stylist and researcher in this field, proposes a model in this field and this method is the best way to study and analyze the issue of feminism and its effectiveness in literary texts. Knows the use of their linguistic dimensions and aspects. In the following article, using this model, these questions will be answered, what is feminine Writing and what are the components of feminine Writing and how it is manifested in the novel in question. According to Mills, women writers use various linguistic components in the structure and content of their works under the influence of their feminine characteristics, emotions and gender views, and therefore three levels of words, sentences and discourse should be analyzed in their works. Therefore, with this view and using the desired model, the novel "Ahl Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour was selected and studied.

This research was conducted in the field of practical stylistics with descriptive-analytical method and analysis based on the components of the model of Sara Mills and experts in this field.

Findings of the research with the expression of the characteristics of high-frequency feminism in the novel are: at the level of vocabulary, the use of words belonging to the field of women, the use of color words, the multiplicity of female characters; At the level of sentences, frequent use of news, descriptive, short sentences, use of question sentences in the form of Soliloquy , the use of a three-point metalanguage sign; At the discourse level, the third-person perspective, the narrative text and the author's narrator, one of the main characters of the woman, the polite tone using the native dialect of the place of the story, the theme using feminist ideas, the time of contemporary events in the second side, the place Occurrence of Jafreh settlement story in southern Iran and its surroundings.

The novel discussed in this study has followed the model of Sara Mills and most of the components of feminism were found in its text.

The present study tries to investigate "femininity" and its relation to "death" in The Balcony by Jean Genet, with the help of Julia Kristeva and Maurice Blanchot’s views. These two concepts have always been abjected as "other" in the history of Western phallogocentrique thought. According to Hélène Cixous, the root cause of this abjection of women resides in language, the one which is based on binary oppositions. According to the researcher, the reason of death abjection should also be sought in language; Blanchot mentions this gap in his article "La Littérature et le Droit à la Mort" and considers the task of literature to give the reader the experience of death, and thus to fill this gap. In the play Balcon, Jean Genet, by crossing the boundaries of symbolic order, deconstructing the binary-based language, and relying on the semiotic mode of signification rather than symbolic mode, creates a new language that can be called "feminine" by Cixous and Kristeva’s criteria. With the help of the motherly features of its language and narrative, this work has been able to instill the experience of death as one of its main elements, and has fulfilled the task of literature, according to Blanchot, in granting the experience of death to the reader.

The power of style in the literature is derived from the complex grammatical, aesthetic, and syntactic potential elements of words. The written language is considered an important point as a literary style. A.Bozeman, a German theorist, has done many researches about literary style versus non-literary style; finally, he introduced the statistical equivalent in his own name. Bozeman equation; describes the amount of descriptive and literary versus non-literary vocabulary and the type of writing for women and men, and it emphasizes the literary nature of the text. Heyffaa Bitar's story "Amr'a Man Tabaqin" is one of the novels in which the author deals with women's legal issues and their rights violated by men. The present research tries to examine the female style in the story of "Amra'a min Tabaqin" according to the theoretical views of women's writing and the degree of literature and feminism of Heyffa Bitar with the help of statistical evaluation of the role of statistical theory of the German scientist; A. Bozeman analyzes and in this regard, a descriptive-analytical method is used which shows, that the feminine language is observed in many components of the writing of the story, to the extent that the most used categories are: pronouns "I" and "you", absolute and restricted words, and short questions. Bozeman's statistical style indicates a high rate of verbs with 6609 compared to adjectives with a rate of 2734, which is about 2.41 percent, and this rate weakens the story in terms of literature and the type of female language of the story.

Cixous, like Lacan, sees language as theorem. Therefore, by inviting "feminine writing", he intends to deconstruct the language. Inspired by Derrida, Cixous rejects signals with fixed and clear meanings. Accordingly, the most important feature of women's writing is ambiguity and ambiguous metaphors. The present article seeks to examine how feminine writing is formed in the plot of "Purple Pencil". In this regard, in the main elements of the story (in characters, actions, causal relationships), he discovers and interprets fluid and multimodal signs, according to the paradigms of the theory of "feminine writing", in a descriptive analytical method. The results show that: First, feminine writing is not merely based on the style and form of writing (story superstructure), but through a Cixous character, and the causal relationships of the events of the story, can have a plural appearance (deep in the story construction); Second, the way out of gender repression is through language. The research that has been done so far, according to the Cixous Yi approach, has often paid attention to the style of expression and the poetic techniques of form. The innovation of the present study is that, firstly, it expands women's writing, from the level of style and manner of expression, to the level of plot and theme. Second, it examines, for the first time, the Cixous approach to women's writing in the context of children's fiction.

According to the French thinker Michel Foucault, power is so pervasive that it can overshadow many areas of human life. This influence penetrates even in the language of literary texts and it manifests itself in the form of metaphors, signs and symbols. Lyrical Story in a Footnote is written by Mahsa Mohebbali is one of the stories of technique-oriented and form-based, which shows the author's familiarity with philosophical approaches and also his mastery in the field of storytelling. But one of the most challenging points in the text is the non-desirable image of the female character in the story. Despite the femininity of the narrator and the writer, the question arises as to why such an idea is portrayed by the female character in the story? In the present study, based on Michel Foucault's theory of power, one can point to the penetration of masculine power in the language of the story. Of course, the concepts such as the protesting and rebellious bodies, as well as some of Nietzsche's views, such as the ethics of masters and slaves, show that some seemingly fragile images of women are themselves are in opposition to masculine language, but in the end it can be proved that this story is one of the concrete examples of Michel Foucault's theory of power: because masculine power is present in many linguistic elements. They have penetrated and overshadowed it.

Feminine writing is one of the topics of interest to literary scholars and stylists, which deals with questions such as feminine writing and what characteristics it has. In this context, Sara Mills has presented a model based on "feminist stylistics", which is one of the socio-cultural approaches to stylistic knowledge, and is the most widely used term for examining and analyzing the subject of feminism using linguistic and linguistic analysis methods. He knows the texts. In the present study, we answer the question of what are the characteristics of feminine writing and how does it appear in the novel in question. Mills argues that women writers use different linguistic options in the structure and content of their work, influencing feminine traits, emotions, and feminine perspectives. In linguistic analysis, three levels of analysis based on vocabulary, sentences and discourse should be considered. At the vocabulary level, the words should express the states and emotions of women, feminine interpretations, the multiplicity of female characters and colors; at the level of sentences in simple, descriptive, short sentences; and at the level of discourse, important elements of the story, such as; The tone, theme and narrator paid off. Therefore, this paper is based on practical stylistics and descriptive-library method and Shahrnoush Parsipour's novel "Dog and Long Winter", as an example of contemporary Iranian fictional literature, was studied according to Mills' model in these three levels. The findings of the study indicate that the feminine characteristics of the work are illustrated by the use of: At the vocabulary of the use of feminine expressions, the multiplicity of female characters, the use of colors and their high frequency; at the level of sentences using short, descriptive, news And partiality. At the level of discourse, the perspective of the first observer, the polite tone, the woman's narrative, the dynamic main character and the thematic of feminist ideas.

Feminism is a social movement which began in the late eighteenth century with the aim of eradicating gender discrimination in Europe and the United States, and it has passed through three different stages, many groups and trends have emerged from it. With the advent of feminist ideas in the field of literary criticism, feminist criticism was established in the late 1980s, which analyzes the literary works through the interplay of “images of woman” and “criticism of female writer”. This study is based on feminist criticism and using descriptive-analytical methods as well as library references, “images of woman” and “feminine signs of writing” in Mary Jahani’s novel This Street Has No Speeding Bump < /em>. The results indicate this work exhibit the necessity for women’s financial independence along with their cultural-social barriers on female employment, male dominance over women, paternalism, men’s sexual diversity and infidelity, physical, psychological, sexual, economic and legal violence against women and early marriage are the key issues and problems of women in the patriarchal societies. Furthermore, meticulousness, prolixity, nostalgia, complex narration, and the search for true love, which are the major characteristics of feminine writings and styles, are readily found in the novel.

Miral al-Tahawi is an Egyptian immigrant who has been instrumental in bringing feminism to the forefront of Arabic literature through her novels. She has drawn the attention of her readers to the discourse of active heroic women and has advanced the feminist view of women. Choosing female heroes and numerous female characters for her novels — who all live under similar circumstances — she has sought to address the troubled lives of the women of her homeland who have been trapped by past traditions. The world of al-Tahawi’s novels is a mixture of Arab traditions, the failed aspirations of Arab women, and the undeniable identity conflict of women in the modern world. Thus, to elicit an understanding from her novels, one can examine them from the perspective of feminism. The question is to what extent the author devotes her work to women, and, given the dominance of past legacies in the novels, which spectrum of women’s classes in society receives more attention. To understand this, the present article adopts feminist criticism to study motifs such as the implications of women’s despair, poverty, deprivation, and lack of social status in the novels The Tent, Blue Aubergine, and Brooklyn Heights. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the article scrutinizes the role of the female body in the condition of the women. It also studies marriage and lovemaking in patriarchal and misogynistic societies and the rebellious efforts of women to achieve better conditions. The results of the study indicate that al-Tahawi does not have an optimistic view of women and that she always links their frustration and despair with their dissatisfaction with their bodies. The protagonists of these novels, who are usually reflections of the author herself, in confronting their patriarchal societies, become rebellious and iconoclastic and demand attention and the right to have high social status.

Bildungstroman, or coming-of-age novel, is a genre in which the life of a character is depicted from childhood to adulthood and in the end, the callow naïve child turns into an experienced mature person with a good social position. The important features of classical Bildungstroman are: chronological narration, depicting the ups and downs of a child’s personal life that has a special and unique personality in comparison to other children of his age, and experiencing two kinds of love; first a superficial one then an everlasting and real one. In the twentieth century the chronological narration of Bildungstroman novel underwent some changes; moreover, women as well as other racial minorities presented their own interpretations of it. Nowadays Bildungstroman is women’s favorite genre in writing novels and they create new feminine kinds of it. What can be seen in these feminine Bildungstromans, are the differences between women and men’s lives and the process of growing up and also their different perspectives toward family and “the other”. One of these differences is “women’s loyalty to other women.

Text analysis based on deconstructive approche is one of the new perspective to literary criticism. This view look for contradictions within the text Thereby deconstructing the binary oppositions founded the text and demonstrating that this oppositions do not have firm base. According extensive studies in women speech and writing in different years and cultures، some character are attributed to women as feminist style. in This opposition، regardless of rating، feminist style is in contrast to masculin’s. Feminine characteristics consists of Frequently used forms of expressive language، vague and imprecise language and intensifier، applications and prayers، hailing forms، sentences as opposed to rules of grammar and incomplete sentences، Frequently use of intonation، stop and stress، simple language، detailed writing، Speaking from a position of weakness and lack of authoritarianism and use of processes that do not require a lot of mental activity. this article demonstrates that attributing some of the features to feminine writing do not have solid base and alter within changing social and cultural factors، by analyzing the Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana as feminist narrative and comparing that with memories of Aziz-al-Soltan known by Malijak as masculine narrative which written in same context of Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana. Evidence that led us to this involved of writing from a position of strength، the active voice and use of complex mental processes.

Throughout the history, women writers, regardless of geographical, historical and cultural variations, have always been faced with the same concerns and challenges. Women's literature depicts a world based on the masculine priorities and logic concerns. So, due to disturbing laws written by men, women writers have tried to use "feminine aesthetic" and find a proper language to express their concerns and aspirations. In this way, they were capable to represent a clear picture of the woman as it should be. In Iranian and Italian contemporary literature, many women authors have created works based on women's issues. Among these works, we can mention the works of Zoya Pirzad and Alba Deses Pedes who narrate, in a specific manner, the same story about women's challenges and concerns. This paper applies "Theory of the Gynesis in Women Writing" to these two novels formed in two different geographical and cultural origins, and aims to answer the question of how the common characteristics of feminine writing engender fundamental similarities in plot, narrative and characterization? What we can say with certainty is that the characteristics and common factors in both text and meta-text of these two feminine writings engender a realistic and measured image of "women situation" in these two societies

One of those fictional streams is the tendency of women writers towards independence in writing and their attempt for establishing a kind of feminine writing style. According to some of its claimers، this style would be acquired through reconsidering patriarchal narratives and attempt to form a protest-critical movement with an approach of rereading mythical narratives. The novel “Welcome to the Hades” written by Belgheys Soleimani is a mythical-critical novel، in which the author as a representative of women population، has tried to present a kind of mythical model. Through this model، she tries to illustrate the ignored stand of women in society by some mythical narrations. It seems as if، according to her، ignorance of the role of women in patriarchal narratives such as war narratives، corresponds to the ignorance of goddesses in myths. Since mythical novels، as a result of following the mythical model، are character-based، the research has tried to focus on the main character of the novel and her spiritual-psychic status through the events of plot، and has based its theoretical framework on a consolidated approach towards theories of Transtextuality by Gerard Genette and archetypal analysis by Pearson. The result shows that the writer، by integration of Iranian mythical narrations like Rostam & Sohrab and Rostam & Esfandiar، and focus on Greek myth “Persefone & Hades”، tries to protest against the patriarchal process of mythical narratives in eastern and western parts of the world، and as a result to show that human society is only rescued by deconstructing male/female contrast and also revival of women rights. Representation of Rodabe in archetypal character of “Orphan” and her conversion to unsuccessful “Terminator”، shows the structural congruence of text and character with the theme of protest in the novel.