جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تغییر اقلیم » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Climate change is one of the challenges that threaten human life on the planet, and the EU member states are not exempt from this. The current research aims to answer the question, how has the European Union's policy been to solve the challenge of conflict of interests in the issue of climate change? In response, this hypothesis can be proposed that the European Union has adopted an institutional approach to deal with climate change, based on which policy-making institutions have adopted ambitious policies, considering the risks of climate change and the differences between member states simultaneously. Legislators have provided the necessary legal framework and managed the conflict of interests caused by climate change by trying to balance economic and environmental interests with the support of policymakers. Multi-level governance theory has been used to examine the hypothesis and the intrinsic case studies method is used for its test. The result of this research shows that the European Union has dealt with climate change by creating coordination between different member states and considering the economic conditions of weaker countries.

Going beyond traditional approaches, recent security studies emphasize the decisive role of environmental variables in shaping the security situation at the national, regional and global levels. This article tries to examine the impact of the water crisis in the Middle East region on the security situation of the Middle East by relying on these discussions. The findings show that due to the transformations caused by climate change (warming above the global average, decrease in precipitation, increase in evaporation) and human interventions (increase in consumption demand, construction of water structures and excessive extraction of resources), the region is witnessing a severe crisis in the field of resources. It is water. The article emphasizes this finding, that the water crisis has had a definite effect on socio-political conflicts in the Middle East through the intensification of issues such as the increase in poverty, unemployment, inequality, feeling of discrimination, migration, marginalization, loss of legitimacy of the government, etc. The clear manifestation of this problem is evident in a number of the main security crises in the region, i.e. the civil war in Syria, Yemen and Iraq. The article emphasizes the conclusion that in the absence of effective governance, as well as the lack of will and a framework for collective action of countries, the environmental crises of the Middle East region will intensify in the coming years. Along with this process, it can be expected that the security challenges arising from the crises will also intensify.

The Paris Agreement is one of the most important global climate change agreements that has created requirements in international and domestic laws that have affected the rights of individuals and human rights in various cases. The purpose of this article is to explain the human consequences of climate change. Emphasis is placed on human rights considerations and the 2015 Paris Convention. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the study showed that climate change and measures taken to reduce climate change and adapt to the adverse effects of those communities and nations have been severely affected and a threat to the destruction of people's culture, uninhabitable land ‌ Their deprivation of livelihoods, the global spread of deadly diseases, and the serious threat to human rights to international peace and security. The negative impact of water resources and the effective enjoyment of the right to water and food has also been exacerbated by climate events, such as floods and droughts. Therefore, States Parties to the Convention on Climate Change should incorporate general support into the climate change system in their climate change activities and, by providing sufficient transparency, the opportunity for public participation in decision-making processes. - Create a catch. It is therefore necessary to integrate human rights considerations into the relevant processes of the United Nations Structural Convention on Climate Change, including any institutional and legal structure resulting from the agreed results of the new negotiations.

Inventions are registered and supported based on the three requirements of novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability. These requirements have specific definitions and concepts which may be different from country to country. On the other hand, according to patent regulations, in certain cases, it is necessary to issue Compulsory licenses for the exploitation of patents, and in some cases, under the category of exceptions to patents, the invention can also be used without the permission of the inventor. However, the issue of climate change, which is now an important international issue, has changed many of the globally accepted infrastructure and principles and regulations. Therefore, considering the importance of patents in the development of countries, the question is whether the phenomenon of climate change can also make changes in the patent system and lead to an increase or decrease in patent issuance? And or in some way, expand the cases of free exploitation of patents? The present paper concludes with a descriptive-analytical method with a library and sometimes field research that changes in the components of the patent system and new interpretations of its regulations are not unlikely considering climate change and environmental hazards and signs of this change can be found.

Global warming has proposed some opportunities for Russian; on the other hand, it has had threats for this country. Therefore, Russia has neither intended to constantly deny the impact of climate change on the environment and the role mankind has played in it, nor has it taken a stance at the forefront of the global fight against climate change. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions and main features of Russia's smart climate policies and to discover the reasons why Russian Federation has adopted such an approach. Therefore, the author tries to find an answer for the following question: "What are the main features and main driving forces of Russia's Smart Climate Policies?" This study, developed within the framework of the conceptual smart climate policies, has utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources to collect and analyze the appropriate date to resolve the issue at hand. Findings of this study has revealed that the main feature of Russia's smart climate policies has been exerting efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, at the same time, getting along with the climate change phenomenon to reap its benefits. Improving energy efficiency, preparing the ground for utilizing renewable energy resources, protecting the country's assets in the Arctic, reducing the number and sequence of natural disasters and maintaining seasonal balance, are among the main motivations laying the foundation for Russia’s greenhouse gases reduction efforts. Russia's main policy stimulus in coping with climate change, traces back to the role of global warming in facilitating access to natural resources in the Arctic, launching new shipping lanes in this region, reducing heating costs for the population living in the cold regions of northern Russia and expanding arable lands in these areas.

The main goal of this paper is to discuss measures taken by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) with regard to climate change. Therefore, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to answer the main question of the paper: What effective practical steps has ASEAN taken with regard to the climate change? To answer this question, the paper has been prepared in five sections. The first section reviews the concept of security in international relations and a broader definition of this concept has been provided. In the second section, environmental security has been discussed as one of the main aspects of security in international relations. In the third section, the focus is on the climate change as a threat to environmental security. The fourth chapter discusses risks of climate change in Southeast Asia. The fifth section reviews measures taken by ASEAN with regard to climate change by dividing those measures in two broad categories of normative policymaking as well as institutional and organizational development.