جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "جرایم اقتصادی" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

Economic crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society. Iran will not be an exception. Iran's economic environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to economic systems like France, creates a more favorable environment for committing economic crimes, the spread of economic crimes prevents the government from achieving its national goals in the field of economic security and general crimes. It puts things at risk. While special measures should be taken into account in the field of economic crimes. For the first time, the new Islamic Penal Code has presented a concept of economic crime by the method of "Exclusive Explanation of Examples". To some extent, it can be said that examples of economic crimes have been stated. However, the punishment set for economic crimes does not have a preventive aspect, and the grounds for creating economic crimes in the society should be investigated, including: the lack of transparency of economic transactions, the absence of a government transaction website. Also, the role and powers of the police should be expanded, like France, which has special powers in dealing with economic criminals.

Economic crimes are a serious growing threat posing a great danger to all societies. These crimes are difficult to discover and thus fight for their specific features including invisibility, no victimization, large size and professionalism of the perpetrators. Therefore, covert entrapment operations and traps facilitates the fight against these crimes; however, arresting the perpetrators who are trapped during a covert entrapment operation, always arise doubts. In this case, the court should play its supervisory role in order to eliminate errors, improve prevention and detection methods, provide transparency and remove ambiguity of the secret nature of these operations. Therefore, the court needs criteria for distinguishing legitimate and illegitimate entrapments. This paper examines the criteria for court surveillance over covert entrapment operations, while scrutinizing the court's final decision on defendants caught in these entrapments. This paper examines the criteria for court surveillance over covert entrapment operations, while scrutinizing the court's final decision on defendants caught in these entrapments.

Crimes related to the monetary and exchange rate system are among the factors disrupting public order, so it is closely related to national sovereignty and authority. Sustainable development of the country also depends on attracting domestic and foreign capital, which is itself affected by the level of economic corruption. Due to the threats of economic crimes to the stability and security of societies, traditions and moral values, the great impact of these crimes in disrupting the development and growing economic program of the country, loss of public trust in the government and government officials and separation between government and people, crimes. Economics has been studied by governments and legal institutions. Economic turmoil disrupts other areas of life and endangers the social and political stability and security of society. Undoubtedly, the establishment and maintenance of economic order depends on the fight against disruptors and criminals in the economic system. Combating economic disruptors both establishes economic order and prevents the effects and consequences of disruption in the country's economy. Criminal justice policy, which is carried out by the judicial and judicial organs of each country, tries to cause public intimidation of crime and crime prevention by using appropriate punishments and criminal enforcement guarantees affecting criminals. Judges must consider the balance between punishment and misdemeanor, as well as the process of prevention by individualizing punishments. Punishments and sentences should have three characteristics: severity of punishment, certainty and certainty of punishment and speed of execution of punishment.

Economic corruption is one of the serious problems of countries and even international organizations. Undoubtedly, the fight against this corruption is very important. High inflation, disorganized market, devaluation, closure of factories and severe fluctuations in the foreign exchange market, etc. It is the consequences of economic crimes and the Iranian legislature has tried to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of economic corruption and prevent and punish the perpetrators of these crimes by passing various laws. Numerous political, political, cultural and social factors are effective in the occurrence of these crimes. Their high benefit, intelligence of perpetrators, lack of foresight of regulatory mechanisms, dependence on power and influence are other factors affecting the occurrence of economic corruption. Iran's criminal policy in dealing with these crimes faces several challenges. Numerous legislative authorities, lack of clarity in the concept of economic corruption, lack of clear rules regarding these crimes and ..... are some of the challenges of Iran's criminal policy in the fight against economic corruption. In this study, which was conducted analytically and descriptively Factors influencing the occurrence of economic corruption and challenges Iran's criminal record in the fight against economic crimes will be examined and finally suggestions will be made.

Judicial interpretation is one of the methods of interpretation of the law, in which the judicial authority interprets the provisions of the law by studying a legal article, using different methods to resolve a dispute, and in other words, chooses an interpretation to preserve the same text of the law. and can somehow achieve the ultimate goal of the legislator. In legal affairs, the judicial authority does not face any special limitation for interpreting a law, but when the discussion of criminal laws and subsequently the punishment of a person is raised, a special framework for interpretation emerges. The principle of legality of crime and punishment, the principle of acquittal, the narrow interpretation of criminal laws and the interpretation in favor of the accused are the most important frameworks for interpreting the law, and the judicial authority should interpret the legal article by considering these principles. But sometimes the judicial authorities go to extremes or make miscalculations in the use of some these principles in such a way that when they come across an incomplete or ambiguous law, they immediately cling to the principle of acquittal and narrow interpretation and acquit the accused; Although this method has merits in many crimes, but in some crimes, including economic crimes, where the legislator's view is strict and as a result, the occurrence of such crimes creates sensitivity among the people, the view and method of the judicial authority should be in the interest of the society and It should also include the protection of the rights of the Treasury and not in such a way that people make a mockery justice and fair judicial proceedings committing economic crimes and avoiding legal loopholes.

With the development and transformation of societies, the criminal phenomena have also changed. The crime of money laundering is no exception to this rule due to the enactment of international laws related to it. In fact, money laundering can be analyzed as one of the crimes that has undergone changes in its implementation over the years, because it can affect different issues from importing foreign currencies to exporting foreign currencies which causes economic problems in a country and weakens the foundations of the investment system in a country. Therefore, one of the most important factors that has been discussed and investigated for many years is the subject of governmental decisions and laws regarding the entry of foreign currencies into the countries. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of importing foreign currencies into a country and its relationship with the crime of money laundering, which have been studied through descriptive-analytical and library methods. The results have been examined, such as the one which refers to the lack of transparency of laws and the import of foreign currencies into the country in an uncontrolled manner and without a special framework and law, which can strengthen the crime of money laundering in the country.

Corruption is one of the phenomena that has negative effects on government and public property today. The bank is considered a very sensitive economic institution, which is basically the most important economic cases related to crimes committed through banks. As a result, the prevention of economic crimes in this area is also necessary. But it seems that the prevention of this crime has not been effective due to the inappropriate structure of the executive organizations. Part of this inappropriate structure goes back to the country's criminal policy. Corruption as a problem of executive organizatins and especially banks undermine the country's economic growth and ultimately has caused the destruction of social justice, loss of public trust at the macro level reduces public investment. All these factors lead to disruption in Public security and comfort ultimately leads to the non-implementation of economic policies in society, so the most important factor in preventing all these problems is preventive criminal policy. This descriptive and analytical study with the aim of providing a basic solution has concluded that in addition to using all available methods to prevent corruption, including situational prevention, what is more necessary is to reform the structure of the executive organizatins through Transparency will be achieved through the use of new technologies and constant supervision of the public institutions and assets, education, alignment of criminal policies and increasing the capacity of the people.