جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جرم » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Corruption is an organizational phenomenon that causes a crisis in the development and progress of governments. Economic corruption facilitates the occurrence of other crimes and is exacerbated by sanctions and economic warfare. The Judiciary Transformation Document has 37 Parts (one main introduction, one introduction and four chapters) which was approved by the Head of the Judiciary on 20/12/2020.Strategy is a way of thinking and a way of thinking and its purpose is to organize and formulate, its main elements are goals, methods, tools or resources. Given that one of the missions of the judiciary is to prevent crime and corruption. Are we looking to study the role and impact of the document on the transformation of the judiciary in preventing economic corruption? What are the strategies and strategies to fight economic corruption? Methods The article is descriptive and has been written in the library using articles, dissertations, laws and orders of the Supreme Leader. Judicial transformation document as an upstream judicial document by using legal capacities and paying attention to justice and avoiding discrimination between individuals in dealing with and punishing corrupt people can be very effective in reducing economic corruption. The strategies and conceivable strategies in preventing economic corruption are as follows: A: Transparency in declaring the assets of officials, B: Decisive and convincing treatment of corrupters and economic criminals, C: Using the successful experiences of successful countries D: Using experienced judges, experts E: Decisive and prompt investigation.

The role of crime and social damage in undermining moral values and disrupting social order cannot be underestimated. These issues are influenced by factors such as inequality, discrimination, and injustice in various areas such culture, society, politics, and the economy. Movies, as an important cultural medium, serve as a valuable resource for understanding the causes of crime and social harm. This research focuses on Iranian court cinema and aims to explore how they portray crime and damage. The study analyzed 22 out of the 1744 films produced in Iranian cinema over the past four decades. A purposeful sampling approach was used, resulting in the selection of 10 films for analysis. These films were chosen due to the sensitive and taboo nature of the subject matter, as well as the potential attraction for public opinions. The qualitative research method, specifically Barth's narrative analysis, was employed. It involved coding the explicit and implicit messages and examining social codes at three different levels using the Fisk method. Four categories were identified to address the question of how crime and harm are represented in social disputes. The results show that murder, rape, and drug trafficking accounted for 62, 14, and 9 percent of the criminal acts portrayed in the selected court cinema, respectively. Acid attacks, child abuse, and abortion each accounted for only 1%. In terms of social harms, misogyny and divorces constituted 53% and 27%, respectively, while, suicide, addiction, and immigration each accounted for 5% of the films. It is worth noting that murder and misogyny emerged as the most prominent themes in Iranian court cinema over the decades. In the 1980 and 1990, rape and acid attacks not addressed in court dramas. While cinema has been successful in representing important aspects of crimes and harm throughout the societal changes, the analysis of the selected films suggests a discrepancy between the films produced and actual trends of crime and harm in society. This raises concerns regarding the subject design and content of court dramas. Utilizing the expertise of court filmmakers and focusing on real content can contribute to informing the society more effectively. To address this issue, it is recommended that the production of court films with the evolving nature of crimes and social issues.

It is not always the case that in the process of transitioning from thought to criminal action, a person has free will, but sometimes the culture of the society and the way of dealing with the governing institutions assume the criminality of individuals, and by treating them as criminals and labeling them criminals, People with a special physical and mental state suggests that their physical and mental states are compatible with criminality and deserve legal treatment. In this way, the society assigns him/her a criminal character and considers his /her inherent characteristics to be the natural traits of a criminal. The current research was written based on the descriptive-analytical method and on the basis of documents and library resources, and in this regard, by studying international documents and foreign laws, the collected information was analyzed qualitatively with the purpose of application. is placed In this research, the authors intend to explain the criminalization of transgender phenomenon and similar situations by gathering information from the people who were selected as the target community and in the end, reach the conclusion that the culture that governs the criminal justice system is the basis of crime. It is a phenomenon. Based on this, our argument is that criminologists and criminal law experts should revise and reform the criminal justice system in dealing with gender diversity.

The economics of crime is one of the interdisciplinary topics that entered economics after the 1970s with the efforts of Gray-Becker, and this science is trying to analyze the economic aspects of crime. The occurrence of crime as an undesirable social phenomenon has several economic and social causes, and due to the importance of the issue of crime, in different countries, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to identify and explain the causes of its occurrence. Identifying and explaining the causes of crime makes we reach the goal of prevention; because the costs of crime, especially the costs of punishment, including imprisonment, impose a heavy burden on the executive body. By identifying and preventing these factors, these costs can be reduced and spent on other priorities. In this article, the dimensions of the economy of crime in the analysis of the pluralism of punishment and its individualization have been investigated with a descriptive and analytical method.

Identifying and analyzing trends affecting the future of crime and strategies for crime preventionThe increase in crime, the emergence of new forms of crime, the use of new measures in crime and the rapid advancement of technology have led to the expansion of criminal activities in the last decade and at the same time, increased feelings of insecurity and fear in society. Therefore, the need for a correct understanding and sufficient knowledge of the direction of crime trends in the future is quite obvious.This research has looked at the field of crime with a trend analysis approach. Based on this approach, identifying and analyzing crime formation trends in the future will greatly help managers and planners to identify ways to deal with and develop crime prevention methods.In this study and 6 drivers affecting future crimes and 22 global trends affecting future crimes in 5 categories along with their consequences are identified, extracted and reviewed in a panel of experts consisting of 5 people and the titles of each trend were approved. Also, 7 main trends in future crimes are identified and validated during interviews with experts. Content analysis is performed on the results of the interview and explained in the form of a trend analysis report. Finally, based on these identified trends, 10 strategies are presented to prevent crime.

Criminal policy may be assessed in a framework that is defined by the logical basic elements of crime. These are the motivated and able offender, the victim or target, and control. It is only in certain combinations of these three elements that a crime can take place, and criminal policy addresses one or several of these elements. The objectives of criminal policy are defined being fourfold: to minimize the social costs of crime; to minimize the costs of crime control; to distribute these costs; and to do this in a fair manner. It is such considerations that are to be accounted for if knowledge-based criminal policy is to be defined and implemented. In real-life terms, this is rarely being done comprehensively. Criminal policy is, in contrast, often simplistically understood as „fighting crime“, i.e. in terms of warfare. Today, criminal policy requires careful consideration in particular because both crimes and their environment are undergoing rapid change. This puts decision-making in a particularly demanding situation and accentuates the need for valid knowledge of the situation. Therefore, there is great need of updated research on old and new forms of crime, and such research should address all central elements of crime. The near future of criminal policy is much influenced by financial crisis. This creates high demands for a more consciously knowledge-based and better quality crime control. The near future may see both positive and negative developments, the negative ones being more likely if criminal policy is not made in a responsible and comprehensive manner. The alternative of a positive criminal policy is suggested as a utopian but achievable goal.

Legislation as one of the most important categories of criminal law is a process that does not only lead to the birth of a new text of the law by members of parliament; Rather, reducing the volume of laws in necessary cases should be considered as one of the functions of the legislative system. This is especially important in the field of criminal law; Because for various reasons, we have witnessed an increase in the volume of criminal law and as a result the restriction of fundamental rights and public freedoms of individuals. A closer look at the phenomenon of government in the present age can show the ideological influence of this institution, which in its most common form has a religious or political form. The inclusion of acts or behaviors within the scope of criminal law also depends on the ideological attitude of the government towards the criminal phenomenon; Because the regulation of society requires the use of coercive force whose constituent forces are entrenched within the state. Minimalist states, which have also characterized criminality as such, have been influenced by important theoretical foundations such as liberalism, libertarianism, and republican theory in the enactment of criminal law. Defending these ideas to get out of trouble goes back to the consequentialist and result-oriented approach in North America and Europe; Therefore, the defense of the mentioned principles in the mentioned countries has been presented as an efficient and effective model. Due to the challenges posed by the many crimes.

Environmental crimes against national resources, including forests, pastures, natural forests, deserts, and deserts, are organized and widespread. These crimes endanger the national resources recorded in the laws and cause the loss of national resources in the lands and forests, as well as in the deserts. The criminal policy required to do so reflects the legislature's view of the importance of such resources. The main issue is the destruction of the environment and the destruction of national resources, and we need to see what criminal policy the legislature has in place to prevent it. The aim of the present study is to identify environmental crimes against national environmental resources and the penalties provided for in laws and to explain domestic environmental criminological approaches. In summary, the organization's prevention of crimes against national environmental resources requires a modern view of the legislature as well as advanced criminology. The research method in this paper is library and descriptive-analytical

The increase in population, the density of cities and the industrialization of more and more societies have positive and negative consequences. Since the positive consequences have a lot of acceptability and the negative consequences are less important, the negative consequences of the above-mentioned phenomena place a heavier burden on the shoulders of the society officials than the positive consequences. Crime is a negative consequence that affects the well-being of individuals, families and communities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between population density and the rate of crimes committed in the city of Ahvaz. This research is practical and has been done with descriptive-analytical and correlational methods. The statistical population of this research is 200 citizens from different regions of Ahvaz city. The collection of data and information is from the questionnaires that the researcher obtained according to the answers of the citizens of Ahvazi, and the data was analyzed using geographic information system and SPSS and CASE software. The most important results show that the population density of the city Ahvaz has been effective in committing crimes in this city, and in many cases, this crowding causes an increase in crimes, especially crimes such as theft, pickpocketing, violence, youth addiction and etc. The most important institutions that can prevent Among the crimes that have been affected by the physical structure of Ahvaz city, effective and useful measures should be taken by the municipality, housing and urban planning in cooperation with other cultural institutions in order to improve the physical condition of Ahvaz city and to take the opportunity to commit crimes from criminals due to the population density of this city.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the causes and factors of murder in Ramhormoz city from 2010 to 2019. The current research population includes all the prisoners of Ramhormoz city, and a sample of 70 people was selected using available sampling method. The results of the present study showed: by examining the respondents' point of view regarding the first hypothesis at the level of 0.5 error. It is larger with degrees of freedom 3 and 4 and it can be said that there is a significant difference between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies and the first hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, it can be claimed that it seems that ethnic and tribal prejudices and indiscriminate handing over of weapons to clans and drug trafficking, unemployment and poverty are influential in the occurrence of murders in Ramhormoz city. By examining the views of the respondents towards the second hypothesis and the phi 2 test related to the species of the second hypothesis, the error level of 0.05 is greater than the 2 degrees of freedom 3 and 4, and it can be said that there is a significant difference between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies. It can be claimed that not paying attention to the sensitive and decisive role of the heads and elders of the clans has caused the people of the clans to go astray. One of the causes of murder is the lack of a guide and leader among

White is the signature of the sheet which is incompletely prepared, and contains the signature or seal of the signature and is deposited by the person or the person obtains it in any way, and fills in the blanks and uses it to the detriment of its owner or possessor. . For example, (a) gives a check that is merely a signature to (b) and instructs him to complete the incomprehensible parts and, according to that contract, to (c). In this crime, it is not necessary for the white depositor to sign and the perpetrator to submit the material materially. Rather, if the perpetrator obtains it in any way, the crime may be committed by fulfilling other conditions. The crime of misusing white signature or seal has been criminalized in Article 673 of the Penal Code (1375) by the legislator. The purpose of this crime is to investigate the crime of misuse of white-collar and white-collar signatures. The damage is material and it is also moral. And interferes with its contents, and abuses it.

The right to stand has different interpretations in different teachings and schools, and based on this, the scope of authority and freedom of action of individuals has a special meaning. The unanswered question is whether the right holder can waive his right. For example, in one example, does the right to life have to do with the right to die? In Islamic teachings, the right to stand does not mean absolute autonomy. It even excludes an individual. The intellect and the Shari'a, as two protectors and even guides of individual freedom, have an important role in restricting the right to stand. In Islamic law, man is in control of himself, in the sense that he is in control of his time and place. , But he can not take his own life voluntarily, so suicide and murder out of pity and the like are illegitimate in principle. Something does not mean having the right to it. In other words, if domination of the soul and body parts is accepted within the religious and legal framework, it does not mean having the right to the soul and the organs of the body. Items such as the principle of real property, the principle of credit ownership, the principle of inherent ownership are referred to in the authors' writings. There is a possibility for criminalizing it based on the teachings of jurisprudence and criminal law. In the present study, it has also been addressed.

The computer is the most important technology that every society does not necessarily need to keep up with the development process. But cyberbullying has added to its complexity and created new social problems for criminals and the founders of the criminal justice system, which poses other challenges to its use and policies. The research method is descriptive and analytical which has been collected by library method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of the functioning of the penal system in dealing with violent crimes in cyberspace. The results indicate that considering the rapid growth of computer technology and the development of communication technology and information exchange with the help of computers and related components, in the current relationship and close dependence of society on this technology, in terms of criminal law, special judicial actions Like the international community, new and effective laws as well as security measures are needed to protect computer systems and networks and to train specialized personnel.

The jurisprudential strategy of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil are practical practices that are among the most important religious duties, and have a special place in the religion of Islam. With the correct implementation of this strategy, a healthy society will be created, far from ugliness and crimes, because enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is the basis of a healthy social education, and also does not leave the individual and society with the public sensitivity to sin. Go to slavery and fall and it is applicable in any situation. This important strategy, by influencing all stages of crime formation, its effect on reforming society, preventing and preventing the occurrence of crimes, as well as its dominance over all social relations, has caused it to have an important place in Islamic criminology. Considering that the mechanism of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in its nature is based on prevention and public supervision, and has also been considered in non-religious writings, we decided in this article to make a comparative study between this jurisprudential strategy and the theory of broken windows to analyze. Let us pay attention to the differences and gaps in this theory by adapting to the jurisprudential method of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil.

Iran's customs is one of the oldest organizations. This government organization is part of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which plays a role in customs affairs and in its territory, as a representative of the government and in accordance with the law. It will be very necessary and vital to formulate a comprehensive and barrier law in accordance with the nature of commercial activities. This law, while facilitating customs and trade affairs, should include new and various mechanisms and mechanisms to prevent violations and crimes. Due to the global developments regarding customs and its developments in other countries, attention to these two issues is inevitable. In order to formulate a proportionate, transparent and accurate law, a criminal policy is needed first. There is a codified and in line with customs activities. In compiling this issue, the conditions of our country's domestic economy and customs should be considered, along with the global requirements regarding customs. It will add to the difficulty of formulating an effective criminal policy. In this study, the legislator's criminal policy from two angles Mechanisms and mechanisms to deal with customs offenses and violations have been examined. Finally, we see that in the category of criminology, the minimalist view of criminal law intervention prevails, and for coping, regulatory mechanisms, compensatory coercion prevail.

 The definition of crime is in the realm of "beings", but the concept and nature of crime is in the realm of "musts", in other words, what behavior is a crime, we have a reference to the examples allowed in law and based on these examples in existing laws we recognize it. But what behavior should be a crime is a matter for the legislature The definition of a crime varies depending on the type of religious or non-religious view of the world and man, as well as the method of discussion adopted in the relevant field. Artificial and predetermined waiting for the word "crime"; In such a way that its definition or non-definition is the same in criminal law.In most legal definitions of a crime, the legislature has defined a crime as "a behavior for which punishment is prescribed by law"; By providing such a definition, criminal jurists consider their duty accomplished; This is despite the fact that there are formal objections to this definition, such as; Ambiguity in the determination and manner of segregation, lack of distinction of crime from similar concepts, lack of comprehensiveness and obstruction, and that this definition refers to the consequences, as well as substantive objections, including; The basis of criminology is not clear, the crime is an institutional crime, there is a lack of clear rules and references to the examples in the law, which are addressed in this study. 

It is our right to keep various aspects of life hidden from others, and both the Shari'a and the law forbid spying on the work of others; But sometimes secrecy is not only not protected, but it is also a crime and punishable. Secrecy is not a crime in itself, but sometimes because we secretly endanger public order and security, the legislature has criminalized some forms of secrecy. The purpose of this study is to investigate Iran's criminal policy towards crimes based on secrecy with emphasis on the elimination or concealment of evidence and evidence of a crime. The method of compiling this research is descriptive-analytical. Findings indicate that the current and conventional criminal approach, given the growth and development of technology and the possibility of using it to conceal these crimes, is not comprehensive and sufficient and the criminal justice system in the process of detecting, prosecuting, and punishing perpetrators Crimes born of secrecy face hardship; Therefore, careful identification and investigation of such crimes is necessary due to the multiplicity of crimes and the difficulty of discovering, investigating and evaluating the evidence. Therefore, in the absence of such a policy, the legislature does not react to these major crimes, and the law needs to be amended in this regard, which can only be discovered and investigated through scrutiny and transparency in the constituent elements. It will be possible to punish these crimes.

Background and Purpose; Postmodern criminology, with a new reading of the concept of crime in criminal law, has mainly made crime the ruling political and cultural system and criticized the inefficiency of modern criminal law and Islamic normative systems, to differentiate the concept of crime in the light of rejecting assumptions. And devotional concepts in criminal law, rejecting scientific and rational etiology, critique of legal, material and spiritual elements of crime, and believing in relativity and plurality and diversity has adopted a new approach to criminalization that the articles of the Islamic Penal Code sometimes to this component They get closer and sometimes farther away. The most important question before, how to read a crime based on postmodern ideas, how to draw a picture of a crime and what are the similarities and differences with criminology approved by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1392?research method; The collected materials are based on library studies, receipts, and data analysis. The use of research papers and articles and law books in this field has also benefited greatly.

Considering the importance of the subject and with the aim of investigating the effect of marginalization on the commission of sexual crimes and the creation of its grounds in Pakdasht region as one of the most crime-prone neighborhoods of Tehran, this article examines the situation of criminality and The fields of crime in this neighborhood have been studied as a study area. The research method in this article is based on field studies (interviews, questionnaires and field observations) and library studies, and the sample size was obtained using the stratified sampling method, so that with the stratified sampling method Proportionately, 150 people have been selected randomly from among the three classes based on the population ratio of the statistical population. SPSS18 software was used for data analysis. The main question raised for this research is how to analyze the role of marginalization in the increase of sexual crimes? And its hypothesis is that there is a direct relationship between marginalization and the increase in sexual crimes. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between marginalization and the commission of sexual crimes in order to find effective solutions to prevent the increase of sexual crimes. The result of the present research shows that due to issues such as: the rule of insecurity, the low level of income of the families living in these neighborhoods, poverty and unemployment, the lack of educational spaces, the lack of necessary cultural education, the deprivations caused by Legitimate sexual relations, high population in inefficient housing and problems of marriage and family relations are the grounds for committing and tending to sexual crimes in the neighborhood.

Crime is a phenomenon that has existed in all societies, past and present. However, being permanent and general does not mean that crime is the same and uniform among them, but differs from one society to another, from one region to another, and from time to time. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study seeks to investigate the relationship between social capital and the commission of violent crimes as the main purpose, using the field method, survey technique, questionnaire research tool and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS software. The statistical population of the present study is men 18 years and older in Kermanshah, 384 of whom have been studied using the Cochran's formula as the sample size. The results indicate that between the total amount of social capital (P = -0.34), and its dimensions, ie social trust (P = -0.39), social support (P = -0.30), social interaction ( There is a positive and significant relationship between social cohesion (P = -0.32) and social awareness (P = -0.23); Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the social capital variable explains a total of 0.53 of the variance of the variable of committing violent crimes, taking into account the values ​​related to the volume of the effect of the coefficient of determination of this value in The average is estimated to be 0.28.