جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جنگ سایبری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The cyberspace is considered as the main source ofinformation.The need to pay attention tothe security of the cyberspace requires a special approach.There is no doubt that today the main infrastructures ofthe country, including economic,industrial, informational,security,etc.are located inthis space.Securityin this space will cause a seriousthreat tothe national security ofthe country.The upcoming wars will take place in virtual space.Virtual space has been named asthefifth battlefield after the sea,land,and airspace.Thecountry or several countries havebeen takenout ofthe hands ofthe governments ofthose countries,and themodern world stopped moving and dynamism within afew seconds and caused a disaster as disastrous as an atomic disaster.In acatastrophe,the basic condition is toknow the battle scene.First ofall, we need to know the cyberspace and the cyberspace correctly so that we can have the power ofmaneuver, war and defense inthat space.The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the cyberspace onthe national security ofthe Islamic Republic ofIran in various areas, especially the political-security areas.Also,discovering the weaknesses and shortcomings in the field of cyber security with regardto the threats in the virtual space is oneof theother objectives of thepresent research,which wants to answer the basic question ofhow cyber threats affect the security ofthe IslamicRepublic ofIran in an analytical-descriptive method.The findings ofthe research show that the republicIslamic Iran is one of the most important countries targeted by cyber attacks in various fields, and therefore,speeding up infrastructure equipment and investment in the field of countering cyberthreats is one of Iran's strategic approaches in this field, which is analyzedin more detail inthis research.

This study is intended to define the concept and content of new wars, viz. cyber warfare, cognitive warfare, information warfare and hybrid warfare. The main argument, therefore, is that what are the common grounds in the conceptualization of new wars? To answer the question, this hypothesis is tested that technology mainly constitutes the common ground in the entire array of contemporary wars. In other words, eventually the revolutionary change in technology and specifically cyber revolution shape such new forms of Warfare as cyber warfare, cognitive War and hybrid War and transform essentially the classic wars including information wars. Indeed, the level of preparedness to cope with these wars is heavily rested upon national records in technology and knowledge. With this in mind, the objective is to draw on four new types of war, namely cyber, cognitive, information and hybrid and shed new lights on the prime significance of technology with a focus on the content and concept of these new wars. A descriptive-analytical approach was taken based on deskwork at libraries and using the Internet.

In the 21st century, we are deeply entrenched in the age of irregular warfare and unconventional warfare, in which the scene of war is much less definite than before, and the strategy of confrontation must be dynamic, fluid, and adaptable. Cyber ​​warfare and social media warfare are some of the most emerging concepts of this era. What makes social media a good tool for warfare is the possibility of public access to it and its ease of use compared to previous tools and the lack of need for high technical skills and expertise. This feature has shifted the focus of power from large institutions such as governments and large media outlets to individuals and networks of individuals, and has had a dramatic impact on warfare with the ability to create and disseminate comprehensive information. Another distinctive feature is that the cognitive realm targets the attitudes and beliefs of individuals and society. Today, social media warfare has become a topic of study in the military sciences and will certainly play a greater role in future battles. All types of military and civilian organizations need to monitor how their enemies use social media, defend themselves against ongoing social media attacks, and use social media as a weapon to achieve their goals. In this article, while presenting an analytical framework and categorizing the ten functional areas of social media warfare, we will introduce the concepts, dimensions, threats and offensive and defensive tactics of dealing with it in various military, economic, social, political, etc. areas. .

Cyberspace is a very sensitive and sensitive environment that with its special features has fundamental differences with the real tangible space. Considering these complexities and distinctions, cyber warfare is one of the most dangerous types of war and conflict and due to the existence of such These are special features that most human affairs, including war, have found their way into this new space; Iran has also been the target of such attacks many times, a clear example of which is the cyber attacks called Stuxnet virus on Natanz nuclear facilities. With this in mind, since the main purpose of conscription in any society is training for war and war situations, on the other hand, in view of the wise statements of the Supreme Leader that cyber warfare and They consider soft war to be very sensitive and dangerous, so that in a speech dated 2012, which he emphasized among the people involved in this field, if he were not the leader of the revolution today, he would have become the head of the country's cyberspace. This shows the importance of this field in the eyes of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, so it is necessary to train specialized soldiers with a jihadist and revolutionary spirit in this field. The present study seeks to explain the need for conscription in this field by presenting the scope and scope of cyber warfare and its characteristics; Therefore, this research, which has been written by the method of libraries, with a calculated future research, is in line with the quality of the service of the conscription system in Iran and offers suggestions in this field.

By changing the nature of the damage to the threat to the environment, it takes on the color of security and forces the actors to express their actions and reactions and to use the appropriate hardware and software tools. To shake hands, to try to threaten each other economically, socially and in terms of terrorism; What is more, these areas have lower direct costs and have a greater impact in the long run. Thus, we are facing a new era in which the increasing emphasis of cyber technologies in the paradigm of military superiority is evident. The influence of cyber infrastructure in political, economic, social and military affairs is so great that today cyber warfare has become doubly important due to its ability to engage the country's vital infrastructure. Considering issues such as uncertainty in identifying a cyber attacker, special sensitivities in showing the country's cyber capabilities and ambiguity in identifying the exact time and extent of cyber attack and the need to respond quickly and immediately to cyber attacks; Cyber ​​deterrence has become a major challenge for the country. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of cyber warfare and identify its effective components in cyber deterrence. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. The study of the theoretical foundations of the research showed that coping, invulnerability, flexibility, invisibility of interdependence are strategies that can be effective components of cyber warfare.

Cyber ​​threats are a new phenomenon that has spread with the evolution of new technologies in the world. Although cyber warfare has not actually taken place yet, but daily cyber attacks indicate a terrible prospect of future cyber warfare. With the increasing development of this field and the dependence of the armed forces of countries on this technology, it can be concluded that the wars of the coming decades will be cyber warfare, and this article seeks to answer the question of what are the new cyber threats against the armed forces and what are the solutions? In response to this question, in order to train, improve the security, safety and stability of the vital infrastructure of the Armed Forces in the face of possible cyber threats of the enemy, effective measures have been taken at the level of the Armed Forces organizations. Therefore, it can be said that information and cyberspace, as much as it can create a lot of opportunities for the armed forces of our country, can also create great threats for this sector. Accordingly, increasing the capability of the armed forces, improving cyber skills, training elite forces, recognizing new cyber threats and their challenges in future cyber information wars, to deal with security threats, is the most important way to protect national interests and vital infrastructure in cyberspace. The success of the defense strategy should be recognized as a weapon for military commanders and defense and military experts of the country.

Information battle; It is not a new phenomenon and has existed since the beginning of human society. There have been battles since there were people who disagreed. It continues today and there is no end to it. Those who have better information and use it quickly and correctly are the winners of the battles. The impact of this type of battle has intensified with the sharp rise of global information and cyberspace. For centuries, cryptography has been used to hide and reveal messages; Even the word cipher, meaning cryptography, is derived from the Arabic word "zero" meaning "nothing". Today we live in an age of information and data, so the battle for information is no surprise. Of course, we look at almost everything on a global scale, and so the battle is seen on a global scale. In fact, the battle for information shows that information alone is a separate arena, a potential weapon, and a lucrative goal. A battle in which geographical boundaries make no sense. In this type of battle, the military may no longer be able to control the battlefield. The theory of information warfare based on the laws of physics is the interaction of societies, principles and tools that enable the individual to obtain information and superiority over the enemy. Information warfare is used in times of peace and war. The basis of the information war is formed from psychological warfare, deception and security operations. This article examines the different approaches to information warfare, its characteristics and objectives

The revolution in information and communication technologies plays a prominent role in organizing military operations in the third millennium. The questions here are about the ways that this revolution affects the soft war? Which wars have been affected by revelation of information and communication? And how can information and communication technologies be used in war? The hypothesis is that Modern information and communication technology have led to the formation of new wars such as the space Cyber warfare, and electronic warfare. Information and communication technology revolution, has changed Combat power and military tactics and has played a key role in the victory of wars. With the advent of electronic networks, a fundamental change in power relations appeared, and new players who are flexible and do not follow rule of law posing potential threat to the world order.

Today, due to the security risks of cyberspace that is located in a position that can be pillars of the regime's vulnerability in the face of internal and external threats cyber domain reduction, the utmost respect. The reason given on the one hand by the increasing dependency on cyberspace communities as the main bed and the other hand is a different threat in the division.. The study was conducted to assess cyber threats, cyber security status was determined and dangerous threat.
Accordingly, reference purposes and key assets cyber domain of security against cyber threats in the alert status had been some that need more attention.
Keywords: terrorism cyber, cyber threats, cyber espionage, cyber War, cyber appraisal, cyber hurt

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons of paying attention, by the NATO leaders, to cyber space and codification of principals and elements of their strategy against cyber warfare. Therefore, the paper raises the following hypothesis: the complicated and different nature of cyber space, serious vulnerabilities of NATO member states and concerns due to cyber threats by other countries are the paramount reasons of codification as well as evolution of the NATO relevant strategy. Therefore, after a long process NATO considers cyber warfare as a real war and according to article 5 of its statute it assumes itself entitled to resort to collective and overall defense at both military and cyber aspects. Thus NATO is the first military organization that includes military and cyber defense as a main function for itself.

Many strategists believe that cyber war is the fifth battlefield, after land, sea, air and space. In this war which is not characterized by using conventional warfare and weapons, the power of countries is estimated by the use of technology, information and computer networks. Over the past two decades, particular cases of cyber attacks occurred which were directed to industrial and military targets. For instance, attacking industrial facilities and infrastructure and financial institutions in Estonia in 2007, attack of "Stuxnet" (a computer worm) on Iran's nuclear facilities, and invasion of non-state actors to internet network in Burma. On the other hand, international law seems to be incapable and insufficient to deal with these security dilemmas in the first half of 21 century. This article explores the complexities of postmodern cyber warfare and the current state of international law to deal with it and finally concludes that a set of a comprehensive legal frameworks is necessary for dealing with cyber attacks.

The cyber-attacks and cyber-threats have an important position in the national security strategies of the United States of America. Although, cyber war by true meaning has not happened so far, but daily cyber-attacks show indications of terrible cyber war in future. Therefore, United States by considering this issue and this fact that if the cyber war occur, losses and threats of war won’t be less than classic war has worked on the different projects and institutional initiatives and hence American’s national security strategy has changed in some aspects. The objective of this paper is describing the cyberspace, cyber-attacks and cyber-threats and its role in American’s national security strategy. What is the position of cyberspace in American’s national security strategy, is the mean question of this paper. The main hypothesis to answer this question is: by according the importance of cyberspace in United States and future threat from cyber-attacks, America has revised its own national security strategy and has added cyberspace dimension – as a fifth dimension- to traditional threats aspects (four dimensions are land, sea, air and space). The subordinate hypothesis of this paper is that although cyber war in the real mean has not happened so far, but daily cyber-attacks (different from cyber war) show terrible view of cyber war in future and in the national security strategy of United states, happening of cyber war can jeopardize welfare and safety of citizens irreversibly as like as classic war. The assumption of this paper is that the most important threat in the happening of cyber war is destruction of critical infrastructure which is based on cyberspace. This paper is written by descriptive-analytical method and by means of library tool based on theoretical facts “New dimension of power in the context of cyberspace”.

If a few years ago, the Cold War arms competition between the great powers of the West and East, was the first concern of rulers and peoples of the world, but nowadays, cyber warfare and cyber arms competition, and not at all sides of the globe, the world has become a strategic issue. You can use the tools in this space and know that they will be used against you. For example, you use exactly the same tools that you can use to spy on you and you realize that this issue was not the main victim of your own. In this space, you can be sure that someone does not follow you and it may be harsh to use against you and your goals.
Concepts of power and war, after a period of literature accumulated during the Cold War years of the last century and the beginning of the new millennium became paradigm of security - cultural - political areas. The Internet is considered to be the largest ever human-system design, engineering and implementation. This system is a vast network of millions of computers that have multiple users and multiple goals but ultimately a global network, and the unit is connected to the global scale and find the media and its role in stimulating social movements that quickly cuts across borders in and the social ills is not negligible. The importance of the internet for the world has doubled in cyber space. This paper attempts to analyze new cold war rivalry between world powers in cyberspace.

Technology and the development of the communications tools, in spite of their advantages and benefits, have caused numerous concerns for countries all over the world; this necessitates adopting a legal attitude and imposing limitations on its employment. While in the past countries only regarded the application of weapons and military force as aggression, today cyber-war has caused great concern, and is regarded as a serious threat by all countries. One type of cyber-war, which has aroused grave concern and brought about widespread protest, is hostile propaganda. The present article specifically addresses the legal limitations of the measures of the media against the interests of other countries, generally referred to as hostile propaganda.

This article tries to explain effects of cyber threats on national security. Authors claim that cyber threats has raised phenomenon of power dispersion which enables small states toexercise their authority, and enables new actors like corporations, organized groups and individuals, to participate in globalised power equations. So they argue that, cyber threat has influences on national security in aspects of: concept of security, state-centrism in security, geographical aspect of threats, diffusion of vulenerabilities, diversity of actors in security field and way of confronting threats.