جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سیاست بین الملل" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

This article examines artificial intelligence technology as a modern and challenging phenomenon over the past decade. This technology has had a significant impact on the economic, political, and socio-cultural life in many countries. In this review article by using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors strive to define artificial intelligence within modern scientific discourse and introduce two practical applications of AI technologies. They discuss the "practical mode", which is used for effective management and accident prevention in industrial machinery, medicine, transportation, construction, oil and gas industries, mining, the nuclear sector, and more. Additionally, they introduce "generative AI", which is used for translating large texts, predicting business processes, evaluating financial and commodity markets, assessing societal feedback to any economic, political, and social changes, mastering risk management, and more. The article also explores the main challenges and risks of AI for modern society, including the creation of fake narratives, information bubbles, saturation, and other manipulation tools employed by technocratic elites in their quest for dominance. The concentration and distribution of AI development centers in specific areas could lead to increased inequality and tension between the North and South regions. Controlling the AI domain to protect national interests and maintain modern international relations poses a fundamental challenge for political and economic groups, institutions, and society. Researchers attempt to make predictions about the impact on energy, which will intensify with increased energy consumption and competition over rare elements. This rapidly growing demand cannot be met by "clean energy", so the energy transition might be slowed down by AI. This research proposes international actions for control, risk assessment, and an in-depth analysis of AI's impact on the development of other sectors.

The pharmaceutical market is one of the most important and lucrative industries in the trade world. The expansion of non-oil exports and shifting away from the mono-product economy and its problems (high volatility in the oil market and, consequently, the country's revenue, as well as the issue of sanctions on Iran's oil sales by the West) have made it inevitable for Iran to expand its export of pharmaceutical products. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation, for historical reasons, has a high potential to become a destination for Iran's pharmaceutical products due to the geographical proximity of the two countries and the possibility of direct shipment of goods to Russia via the Caspian Sea. Russia is a large consuming market with the population of 145 million and high volume of pharmaceutical imports (over 10.5$ billion in 2018). The article analyses the pharmaceutical export potential of Iran to the Russian Federation using the indicators of revealed comparative advantage index, cosine index and trade plan index. The findings of this study indicate the high potential of Iranian pharmaceutical products for export to the Russian consuming market and the lack of utilization and the neglect of the Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturers and exporters from the Russian market. As policy implications, the authors recommend making pharmaceutical products a priority for export to the Russian market, which will lead to more efficient use of Iran's productive potential.

In the current era, novel technologies, especially blockchain, have the potential to bring significant transformations across social, economic, and political dimensions.This thesis investigates the role of blockchain technologyin establishing interactions between international law and international politics.The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the applications of blockchain in improvinginteractions among international bodies, governments, and non-governmental organizations concerning human rights, international trade, and global security.The central research question is how blockchain can effectively contribute to these interactions.To achieve these objectives, a qualitative and analytical researchmethod was employed, including an examination of existing literature on blockchain and international law, as well as relevant case studies.The findings indicate that blockchain, by providing transparency, security, and high traceability,can help reduce the deficiencies in international legal systems while simultaneously enhancing diplomatic relations and trust at the international level.Furthermore, challenges such as legal, technical, and ethical issues inherent in implementing blockchain are also addressed.The conclusions drawn from this research demonstrate that blockchain technology can serve as an innovative tool significantly enhancing interactions between international law and international politics.Accordingly, policymakers and researchers should delve deeper into the existing challenges in this field and propose effective strategies for making the most of this novel technology.

The concept of a nuclear Iran means the improvement of technical capabilities in the direction of uranium enrichment, fuel plate loading and storage of enriched uranium for industrial and strategic purposes. The main actors of international politics, who have the monopoly of nuclear capability, have opposed and confronted the increase of Iran's capability. This shows that international politics is the main axis of controlling the foreign relations of actors in the world system. In Mersheimer's aggressive neorealism writing, great powers have an aggressive foreign policy and do not want to change the power balance of regional actors. The major powers have de facto agreed with the nuclearization of Israel, while they have always used their foreign and strategic policy to confront Iran and have resisted and opposed any strategic empowerment and geopolitical leap of Iran in the Middle East and Southwest Asia. The main question of the article is "with what goals and mechanisms have the main actors of international politics, including: China, Russia, the United States and the main countries of the European Union, limited Iran's nuclear capability in 1956-2021?" The hypothesis of the article refers to the fact that "Iran's nuclearization has left an impact on the geopolitical balance of the regional environment and this has led to limiting, restraining and confronting Iran's nuclear capability by the main actors of international politics."

Artificial intelligence, as an advanced technology, has wide-ranging effects on international politics. Due to the complexity of artificial intelligence technology, instability may increase in decisions and behaviors of countries. This issue can lead to international crises and tensions. Also, the unbalanced use of artificial intelligence technology can lead to an increase in inequality at the global level. In this research, with a detailed analysis of the effects of artificial intelligence on international politics, we will identify the challenges caused by it and provide different solutions to solve the challenges caused by the impact of artificial intelligence on international politics.The main goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the new trends in international politics, to analyze the effects of this technology on international relations, and to explain the appropriate solutions to eliminate the gaps caused by artificial intelligence on international politics. In this research, we find that artificial intelligence can improve international relations. and by using this technology, countries can use their resources and data more effectively and make better decisions and help achieve common solutions to international challenges, they can also cooperate and interact in economic fields. , improve security, social and political

The significance of regional organizations in restoring regional peace and security is undeniable. The Arab League, as the first regional organization in the Middle East, exhibited diverse reactions to the situation in Syria following the events of the Arab Spring. The primary inquiry of this research focuses on how this organization utilized its capacities to prevent the escalation of the crisis and facilitate the restoration of regional peace and security concerning the situation in Syria. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, this article delves into the underlying causes of the prolonged crisis in Syria and subsequently analyzes the decisions and stances taken by the Arab League, such as the suspension of Syria's membership and the imposition of political and economic sanctions. These analyses are conducted through the lens of constitutional commitments as well as political and legal considerations. The findings indicate that the twelve-year suspension of Syria's membership, despite its status as a founding member of the Arab League, not only underscores the complexity and multifaceted nature of the crisis at regional and international levels but also suggests that, in line with the fundamental objectives and principles of the organization, its approaches largely align with the interests of powerful Western governments and the expansionist policies of the occupying regime in Palestine, while running counter to the interests of the regional Arab and Islamic communities. Presently, the Arab League faces challenges such as dual approaches, decision-making influenced by its anti-Iranian members, issues related to immigration crises, and normalization of relations with Israel. From a regional perspective, the league's track record hardly reflects its role as an effective regional organization capable of resolving domestic crises within its member states or addressing international crises such as the Palestine-Israel conflict in line with the preservation of regional peace and security. Consequently, the Arab and Islamic region may continue to exist in a "region sans regionalism."

The current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragement, has been adopted in the face of J.A. Iran. A. Iran. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, while using the theory of aggressive realism, the behavioral pattern of the United States will be examined. The main findings of the research show that the approach of the United States is of the type of liberalism of "encouragement, encouragement and maximum participation". Or the harmonious model of liberalism and realism is not "positive and negative". Rather, it indicates the continuation and consolidation of the approach of aggressive realism, of the type of acute discursive, geopolitical and geostrategic confrontation in the form of "threat, punishment, sanctions" in the form of "various and complex balancing". So that the conformity and consistency of aggressive realism propositions with the approach of the United States in the acute confrontation with Iran is clear and obvious. The authors conclude that the behavior pattern of the United States is in the fixed form of aggressive realism, without a paradigm shift to liberalism. And it doesn't even have a tendency to shift within the theoretical paradigm of defensive realism. The main goal of America is to turn Iran into an isolated and victimized actor in the field of international politics. They evaluate J.A.Iran in the form of a game with a negative sum. And they always have a pure compliance with the approach of slander and international politics in their agenda. based on strategic rationality and compliance with international law.

Today, many critical infrastructures in the fields of energy, health, transportation (sea, air, land and even outer space) and telecommunications are highly dependent on computer systems and internet networks, Such a platform has changed the concepts of armed attacks and force as hostile states conduct their hostile operations in cyberspace, In some cases, these attacks destroy the infrastructure of a country, and the destructive effects of such actions will be far more than military operations, Therefore, the importance of developing international mechanisms is an inevitable necessity, The question is, based on which propositions do the current rules governing international relations make it possible to deal with subversive operations? And does international law have the capacity to identify cyber attacks as an example of resorting to force or not? It seems that the answer to the questions depends on the analysis of the existing international realities, Until now, binding international rules have not been established in this field, and governments only respond to these operations based on the principle of legitimate defense, However, there is no rule in the issue of compensation for damages and dividing the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate actions and it is difficult to identify cyber attacks as an example of force, In this article, the author tries to analyze a logical and descriptive interpretation of the rules of international law, the application of the said rules, focusing on the instrumental, goal-oriented and effect-oriented approach in the cyber space.

The present research aims to analyze the course of relations between Persian Gulf Arab countries and Israel, specifically focusing on their transition from divergence to convergence. Drawing upon the system theory, this study explains the development of their relations from divergence to convergence. The findings underscore the significant impact of interaction and interdependence arising from shared challenges and opportunities, leading to convergence in political, economic, and scientific domains. However, it is important to acknowledge that the support and establishment of peaceful relations between these nations have also been influenced by the economic and political interests of major international powers in the West Asian region. If the normalization policy between Persian Gulf countries and Israel is solely driven by external pressures from Western, Hebrew, and Arab statesmen, the prospects for their relations appear bleak. Instead, such a policy could potentially serve as an indicator of potential tensions in future conflicts involving Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. The growing cooperation between Iran and Persian Gulf Arab countries, in comparison to their cooperation with Israel, has the potential to not only balance the convergence but also establish a balance in terms of threats. In other words, for Iran's convergence with Persian Gulf countries in security, politics, and economics to have a significant impact on the international environment (both regionally and globally) and influence the mindset of Arab officials, it must surpass the dependence of Arab countries on Israel and redefine their behavioral boundaries.

This article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in the 21st century, and questions the influence of political movements on the region's developments. In response to this question, the article presents a multi-layered hypothesis, which is explained in three sections. The hypothesis suggests that the Islamic Doctrine of Resistance, as the most significant political, cultural, and military movement, has had a significant impact on military-political developments. In fact, the comprehensive impact of the Islamic Resistance movement on Iran's foreign policy, the developments in the Middle East, and international politics and system constitute the overall structure of this hypothesis. The mobilization, organization, training, and deployment of volunteer forces from various Islamic countries against the Western invading and occupying front led by the United States and regional allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia have been the most important function of the Islamic Resistance front. Through the formulation of grand and shortcut strategies, designing operations, long-term planning, and overall management, the Islamic Resistance movement, led by the 21st-century strategist martyr Qasem Soleimani, has been able to overcome heavy and unprecedented military attacks on the Middle East and achieve significant victories in regional and international arenas, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy front.

The relationship between public opinion and foreign policy has always been one of the topics that scholars and experts in political science and international relations have presented different views on. Some theorists have pointed out the instability of public opinion and its excitement, and they even believe that in many cases, public opinion is directed and formed by governments and affiliated media. Therefore, they believe that public opinion cannot be relied on in foreign policy. But on the other hand, another group believes that the researches, studies and surveys that have been conducted, represent some stable and stable components in public opinion and that there are significant trends in public opinion. Therefore, one cannot simply ignore public opinion and ignore public opinion in foreign policy decisions. Therefore, foreign policy decision makers should consider public opinion as an independent variable influencing foreign policy. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary studies. The author seeks to examine the relationship between public opinion and foreign policy, and in better words, what role and influence does public opinion have on foreign policy? And to what extent can public opinion influence foreign policy as an independent variable? The findings of this research show that public opinion is considered in the foreign policy decision-making process, both in real form and in the form of guidance and management by governments. And all governments, whether democratic or non-democratic, try to mask the public opinion.

Today, there is a deep belief that man, as a political animal, is motivated by emotions and internal functions of the brain and makes decisions within the framework of these emotions. From this point of view, psychology can be more effective than any other field in international relations as a window to understand politics. In the meantime, diplomacy, as the knowledge of the communication between representatives of countries and the beating heart of international politics in order to resolve disputes, needs to be equipped with psychology more than any other aspect of this field. In this regard, this article, with the aim of exploring the role and function of political psychology in diplomacy, seeks to answer the question; How and why can political psychology help diplomats in the process of diplomacy? Using the descriptive-analytical method and based on documentary studies, this hypothesis was tested that the actions of all people in the world are directed by their perceptual-personal treasury and mental expectations. Therefore, the mind as an active mirror shapes the phenomena and concepts, and the diplomat, by mastering psychology and personality cult, can reflect what he wants in this mirror to a large extent.

Due to its geopolitical characteristics and strategic importance of the Persian Gulf area in multiple military, political and economic fields, It has always been one of the main centers of international politics and geopolitical interests of countries as a concept for explaining and pursuing their national interests in geographical contexts. In this regard, due to the special (illegitimate) characteristics at the time of its establishment, the Zionist regime has repeatedly drawn policies to increase the vital space and pursue its interests in order to realize geopolitical interests. One of the geographical bases of this regime's goal from the beginning has been the geopolitical area of the Persian Gulf, which with recent developments has increased the hopes of that regime to implement its primary goals in the direction of influence in this region. With these preliminaries, this study seeks to answer the main question, what are the geopolitical interests of the Zionist regime in the Persian Gulf region? In this regard, It uses mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) and through presenting a questionnaire to the statistical population of 39 experts from the Persian Gulf and West Asia, while coding the questionnaires using spss software. The most important geopolitical interests of the Zionist regime in the Persian Gulf were prioritized as follows: overcoming its strategic geographical isolation in the region,diversification and expansion of the technology export market to the Persian Gulf countries,creating strategic depth in the Persian Gulf area,expanding intelligence-security cooperation with the sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf under the cover of communication-information exchanges against the Islamic Republic of Iran, dominating the water resources of the Persian Gulf through the establishment of water desalination sources in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf and monitoring the strategic water area.

This study aimed to investigate the role of the media in strengthening the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the international arena, which was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of this research is the professors of political science and communication sciences in Tehran. After repeated studies and identification of professors who have more aristocracy to current issues of politics and media. Due to the limited number of the target population, 65 people were selected as the statistical sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of t-test showed that the average score obtained for the role of media in amplifying soft power was above average. Therefore, the media has a favorable role in strengthening soft power. The results of examining the role of media in strengthening the components of soft power showed that the average score obtained for economic, cultural and political components was above average and for the scientific component was moderate. This shows that the media in strengthening cultural power, Economic and political, has played a desirable and influential role and has played a relatively desirable or moderate role in strengthening scientific power. There was also a significant difference between the role of traditional media and traditional and modern hybrid media in strengthening soft power. Based.

Modern Sport has a significant role and position in current international system, and can be considered a multi-faceted phenomenon with political, economic, cultural and geopolitical aspects and clear consequences for domestic and foreign policy of most states. In spite of the claim made by international  sport organizations about the separation of  sport and politics and the lack of political manipulation of sport events, one should acknowledge the substantial impact of internal-external politics on sport. Accordingly, modern sport has gradually played a significant role in all sorts of interactions among states. In fact, sport has become an international and global phenomenon which can be a large part of foreign policy agenda of most states. There has been a large number of studies, primarily conducted by sociologists regarding the nature and extent of relationship between sport and politics. In fact, there is a specific sub-discipline called sociology of sport, which aims at studying the social aspects of sport. However, a review of literature covering books and articles written by scholars concerning theories of international relations in the academia reveal that scant attention has been paid to the linkage between sport and foreign policy. In general, there has been a degree of inattention and neglect of the political aspect of the phenomenon of sport in the theories of international relations. Since a theoretical and conceptual framework is needed to better understand the importance of the role of sport in foreign policy, the authors design a conceptual model inspired by Bourdieu's field theory in their quest to describe and explain the nature of foreign policy-sport linkage. The main research questions are: 1. What is the nature of the relationship between sport and foreign policy? 2. To what extent can sport influence diplomatic relations, and the advancement of peace in the international system? In the research hypothesis, it is  postulated that international sport, as an effective instrument of foreign policy, contributes to goodwill and the advancement of peace in international system by creating opportunities for public diplomacy and shaping soft power of countries. For hypothesis-testing, the authors adopt a qualitative approach, and focus on sports as a political phenomenon. Based on a careful analysis of available evidence and written material, and the use of the two elements of "field and capital" in Bourdieu's theory, they explain how various governments may use sport diplomacy and soft power to achieve their foreign policy goals. The main conclusion of the research show that international sport has been used by states to fulfil their foreign policy objectives. The more successful countries are the ones which have endeavored to invest more in national capacity-building in order to become more competitive in international sports events, instead of stressing the use of force and coercion in their interactions with other international actors. They have reaped the benefit of increasing ‘capital’ (in the form of prestige, dignity, acceptability, attractiveness, influence and economic benefits), and then using the ‘capital’ to attain their goals and secure their national interests in an increasingly competitive international arena. No country should ignore the issue of sport, particularly international sport as a useful source of soft power. Furthermore, international relations scholar should be more attentive to the role of international sport in national foreign policy agenda settings, and international power politics.

In the 21st century, international politics has evolved following changes in the structure, actors and procedures. such changes reflect the compound of international politics and new phenomena such as outer space. Furthermore, it challenges theories of international relations ability to explain, describe and predict in a situation where the impact of international politics changes has played a role in the bodies of all of them, and each of them has experienced the emergence, decline or evolution during the first space activities in the early space age and the innovative changes in space technologies and the continuation of activities in the new space age. This article relies on a qualitative approach and theoretical-applied method, seeks to answer this question, what is the status of theories of international relations in dealing with evolving international politics influenced by space technologies? The study of selected theories in dealing with the evolving international politics resulting from their presence and activity in outer space indicates the need to strengthen, modify, or even their failure and an emphasis on the presentation of a new theoretical model that focuses on a range of actors, including material and immaterial structures and consider the processes of virtualization of reality that shape international political developments in the 21st century.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was initially established to combat money laundering, and later objectives such as combating transnational organized crime, countering the financing of terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction were added to its mission. The activities of FATF are based on the 40 main recommendations of this institution, the interpretive texts of which are also attached to these recommendations. The basis for the legitimacy of the FATF recommendations is some UN conventions and resolutions. This institution gained more power, especially after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, to the point where it is considered one of the most important international regimes in the field of financial and banking standards. The main issue in this regard is the position of the FATF in the global economic system, international politics and also its behavior pattern towards Iran. In response to this question, it has been hypothesized that the FATF is part of the international banking and financial regime, which, by referring to international conventions and UN resolutions, has increased its international legitimacy and sought to It has expanded its supranational authority and influence in the fields of global economics and international politics. To address this question, we first examine the important international instruments in the field of combating money laundering that led to the formation of the FATF. Following is a trend study of the historical development of the FATF to use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the position of the Financial Action Task Force in the global economy and international politics. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the FATF's exposure to Iran over the past two decades is presented.

As an inevitable phenomenon, terrorism has directly and indirectly engaged the formal and informal actors of the international system, and has gradually expanded the geographical scope of terrorist acts. This research is intended to assess the capability of the theories of international politics to respond to the conceptual transformation of terrorism, and to try to provide an answer to this question: “What are the most important features of the theoretical transformation of classical terrorism to modern terrorism?” With this in mind, due to the fact that theories in the field of international politics have not been able to analyze modern terrorism well, we tried to test the hypothesis that, there is a theoretical rupture in the concept of modern terrorism compared to the classical type following the process of globalization and change in the system International on the basis of systemic and multilevel views. Accordingly, the most important components of the theoretical transformation and of classical terrorism compared to modern terrorism are: increase of threats, generalization and expansion, change in the nature and function, importance of organizational, networking and cyber terrorism, geographical spread of international terrorism and change in activists' reaction to international terrorism. This is a theoretical research following explanatory method whose data are collected on the basis of library and internet resources.

International relations as any domain of socio-political interactions faces with issues such just and unjust, moral and immoral, right and wrong, i.e., issues traditionally discussed in political theory. This article aims to examine the relationship between International Relations and political theory in its various aspects. The main concern here is to show how the two are tied together. It is argued that the connection is through three main ways: political theory is a source of inspiration and /or legitimization for theoretical claims of various IR theories; the presence of normative concerns usually associated with political theory in even the “positivist” or “scientific” theories of international relations; and finally the existence of international political theories with clear normative aspects especially as it has been reflected in communitarian/ cosmopolitan debate particularly between and among realists and liberals. This clearly shows the ever presence and inevitability of political theoretical notions and discussion for the theory of international relations.