جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شناخت" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

When it comes to development, minds are focused on material issues and economic progress, and development is considered equivalent to material growth and progress, and the basis of development is also considered to be wealth and material facilities. But in fact, development and modernization is a multidimensional process that requires transformation in all fields of human thought and activity. Meanwhile, the role of psychological factors in the degree of development and underdevelopment of societies is very important, which has not been taken seriously in many societies. Among these factors are improving mental capital and mental health, reducing violence and aggression, resolving interpersonal conflicts, having minimum psychological defenses, bias and anti-medication, improving emotional intelligence, minimizing areas of jealousy and lying, strengthening creativity and innovation, efficiency and the like. It is that they should be manipulated as psychological variables in the course of development. A process during which, by making changes in the perceptual, cognitive, value and tendency areas of humans, capabilities and beliefs, creates a special personality in them, and the output of these beliefs, capabilities and behaviors is development in all dimensions. Psychologists believe that mental and psychological factors play a role in GDP and economic growth. therefore; In this article, with the help of qualitative and analytical methods, various dimensions of development such as economic, social, cultural and political are examined in connection with psychology and the concepts and components of psychological influence in development are known to the audience.

Since the beginning of history, wars and strategic conflicts have had a cognitive dimension. In today's world, the increasing importance of paying attention to the cognitive war (managing the flow of information and its reading by the audience) as an endless battle, has been caused by the rapid growth of its territory in recent years. Cognitive warfare as a new concept is the product of a comprehensive and gestalt look at wars that are reproduced as warfare, information warfare, cyber warfare, electronic warfare, surveillance and reconnaissance war, and is implemented in a hybrid and multi-layered manner by targeting the attitudes and behaviors of the target society. It is based on perception management. In this research, the basic question is, what are the effects of cognitive warfare on the governance of countries and destabilizing the public institutions of the government? This research focuses on placing Russia as a case study as a research model by focusing on common concepts and procedures in the field of cognitive warfare, conceptual, structural and operational dimensions (principles, methods, tools and processes of action) with a descriptive approach. To study an analysis based on documentary-library data. The research method is qualitative.

In this article, the views of two religious thinkers, namely Feyz Kashani, who was brought up in the field of transcendent wisdom, and Schleiermacher, a thinker of Western philosophical thought about religion, God and man, are examined with a comparative approach. How can a philosopher understand how man understands the sacred texts?Despite some differences in the principles, methods, issues and goals of Feyz and Schleiermacher's philosophical and religious thought, both thinkers try to interpret the texts and recognize human truth based on a kind of comparison between man and the truth of existence. The similarity that can be seen in the approach of both thinkers is that, firstly, based on religious principles - Islam and Christianity - and secondly, according to the spiritual aspect of man, he explains the various dimensions of deep interpretations of sacred texts and jointly says that man is the only being in It is the universe that, in proportion to its faith and moral practices, can be related to the realities of the universe, and in this case, there is always a hand that elevates it both ontologically and epistemologically. Therefore, both Faiz and Makher believe in the interpretation of the holy texts, but one considers this interpretation only through the channel of the Infallibles (AS) and the other, and the other considers it through human intellect.

This research has endeavored to explain Barack Obama's approach to the Iranian nuclear crisis based on the image theory in international relations. While competing theories point to issues such as the structure of the international system or comprehensive international sanctions as key factors in reaching a nuclear deal between Iran and the P5+1, this study focuses on the mental, perceptual, and personality traits of President Obama. Accordingly, the main research question was asked as follows: Why did Barack Obama take a different approach to his predecessor’s to resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis? Based on the psychological principles and image theory, our initial answer is: Obama's perception of Iran as a regional power and considering the previous policy as damaging, as well as his personality type, led him to take a different approach from that of George W Bush in resolving the Iranian nuclear crisis. The approach of this research is explanatory and its method is a case study. The documentary method of data collection has been used.

Today's situation is a full-blown mirror of the impact of verbal and non-verbal actions and an honest account of the historical and intellectual state of each set, system, or structure. The dialectical combination of the present with the existing system of analysis and deliberation can open a new horizon for us in order to draw and define the path of movement in a more qualitative and purposeful way. "Situation" is a special concept to refer to general examples such as (threat, power, knowledge of the environment, will affecting the environment, etc.). Therefore, this concept is among the literature on the control and management of affairs in various fields and levels that is widely used. The bottom line is that what is now called the situation / state of uncertainty is or will be profoundly changing many concepts and paradigms that have long been widely accepted for cognition, analysis, and deliberation. The results of this paper show that the consequences of this situation can cultivate a wide range of micro and macro threats and the features inherent in it, disrupt or even paralyze the system of analysis and management. From a macro perspective, the need to abandon the new system of thought and function and shift the direction of strategic thinking from an outdated structural relationship to a bold and innovative approach that ensures the active reliability of the system and the internal environment in the struggle of all uncertainties that are the main element of environmental relations. ; It is inevitable

In this article, we examine the knowledge from the perspective of Shiite Islamists and we compare the subject of cognition from the perspective of Liberal school thinker Carl Popper. In this article, we tried to recognize the fundamentals of epistemology from the perspective of Islam and Popper, while being neutral. For this purpose, we referred to the Holy Quran as the holy book of the Muslims of the world. Due to the abundance of inte rp r e t a t i o ns of the Qur'an, the book of the Muslims of the world is presented, in this study, we used interpretations in the Qur'an that dealt with the issue of co gn it ion and they have been presented by religious scholars whose main affiliation with the Shiite religion of the Twelve Imams is obvious. The main question of the research is whether there is a difference between Islamic cognition and cognition from Popper's point of view? The hypothesis of the present article is that Popper's cognition and cognition from the perspective of Islam are different. And the reason for the importance of this research is that basically Islamic knowledge relies on religious principles. That is why the Islamic worldview and ideology relies on this knowledge, and this style of cognition is the basis and shaping of the social and political relations of Muslims. And from Popper's style of cognition, the ideology of liberalism is presented.

The root of the nature, the reasons and the quality of sociopolitical leaders' thought is hidden in their epistemological system. Understanding this system helps to recognize the influential components in analyzing sociopolitical issues from the viewpoint of the person. Although there are many scientific works regarding the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei, there has not been a work which investigates his epistemological system in analyzing sociopolitical issues.  Using a descriptive-analytical method and having an epistemological approach, seeks to discover the epistemological system of Ayatollah Khamenei in sociopolitical issues. In answering the question that what criteria Ayatollah Khamenei uses in analyzing sociopolitical issues, we came to the conclusion that his epistemological system analyzes the sociopolitical issues by relying on the four processes of recognition that is the possibility of recognizing political issues, the capability of accepting the truth or falsehood of political events, the possibility of recognizing the true political event from the false one and the relationship between political events. The most important distinction of his epistemological system from that of other political analysts is the combination of experiential data with logical evaluations and revelational adjustment.

In this study, the theory of "social cognition" has been proposed as a framework to study the causal explanation of the behavior of terrorists, especially ISIS as the most important terrorist group. Social cognitive theory based on individual interaction with the environment (field theory, environment) and presentation of subjects such as "the origin of cognition", "cognitive styles", "cognition patterns" and "cognitive capacity" has investigated "language” (metaphors, commentary treasures), "bio – psychological origin” (biological, neurological, character analysis, genetic), "mental structures” (the ideology, system of thought, beliefs and attitudes) and "social culture” (identity, family, group) trying to explain the roots of the formation of ISIS cognition. At this kind of exploratory research, descriptive - analytical method has been used. Firstly, necessary data were gathered from different sources, documentary and scientific reports. Then the new "theoretical model" has been proposed. This model with a comprehensive approach including psychological, political, economic, social and cultural approaches will be useful to study and explain the way and manner in which terrorist thoughts are formed and cognitive influence strategies are found.

Stereotype is misunderstandings about people with personality, behavior, attitudes, competencies, and in connection with any group (gender, race, class, status, location). Includes any type of cognitive stereotypes toward people and other groups, but misconceptions and inaccurate information contained on them. In other words, people may even have some limited information or ambiguous, in the process of molding or exaggerate some facts to consider and generalize.
The main issue of this paper is to understand the reasons and grounds for the formation of attitudes and ideas that each of us got stereotyped and stereotyped in relation to the surrounding environment and to pass them. Understanding and assessing the associated factors such as gender, age, location, economic status, employment status, education level, field of study and stereotypes main purpose of this article. In this study will be presented with the application of a survey, the views of the people (students of University of Tehran) about the identity of the community groups understand and analyzed.

In the present article, it has been investigated the methodology of Hughes and its function in the studies of political Islam. Hughes’ methodology is considered as one of the interactive methods emphasizing on the political-social realities with a special attention to the mental and spiritual values. It could be investigated the political, social and intellectual trends and schools in the ground of a specific community and time on the basis of Hughes’ methodology. In the recommended method of Hughes, the researcher would follow the three phases correspondingly: the investigation of political, social and economical ground, the process (the nature) of the trend or school, and the outcomes and consequences (scientific and applied). The function of Hughes’ method as a paradigm has been revealed in “the political interpretation of Holy Quran in the contemporary Iran”.

One of the most important epistemological challenges of international law to answer the question: Is international law really a Science? It is an issue that has never been addressed in jurisprudence and has been neglected, in view of the fact that law philosophers efforts have basically been made to prove legal aspects of International Law. Current vacancy has made the writer analyze the theoretical and scientific structures of International Law in light of philosophy of science developments. By describing demarcation standards of science from non science has been referred to logic of causal based. Meaning based and reason based explanations; in so that empirical international law uses the same causal explanation patterns that a science such as physics and analytic methodology is usable in the same proportion that International Law is loyal to experiment. Nevertheless, similarity of explanation patterns and methodology styles shouldn’t be ignored from the epistemological differences of International Law. In addition to causal explanation logic, reason based explanation pattern is needed to justify and obtain optimum understanding of legal phenomena. These different explanation patterns proposes a methodological variety that we don’t suffice verifiable and falsifiable methodologies in the format of unity of methodology, nevertheless methodological pluralistic is a must that progressive and developing science of international law is intensive need of it.

If knowledge made of meaningful statements, it's important to know what the nature of meaning is and how we can make it. In response to first question, this article claims that basically meaning is transmittable or shared concepts. But how we can transmit or share concepts? For producing meanings or shares concepts, we need two kinds of representation. First representation (mental representation) includes taking mental image of many different and complex-related entities existed in our world. We can call these mental images "concepts" or "ideas". But for maintaining and developing social life, we must change these personal entities to common or intersubjective entities by another representation. Through the second representation (linguistic representation) we relate any concept to a kind of sign by codes and get very numerous different signs. These signs and principles that rules the coordination between them made Language. To put it simply, meaning is shared concepts and conceptual systems that produced by very numerous and different signs. So we can use language (or a collection of signs) for producing and distributing meanings. So culture simply includes meaning and membership in a culture is having shared concepts and conceptual systems or common meanings and meaning systems.

Understanding modern political thought requires some prerequisites. The conceptual history of politics dates back to about 3000 years ago, i.e. to Greece where political thought was born. Gradually during historical periods, political thought transformed as a result of various developments. In the modern age, it was deeply influenced by new scientific methods. Understanding the relationship between cognition and politics and the logic of the traditions of political thought is possible by means of two principles: distinguishing the original from politics and considering the relationship between the old and the new.

Biruni's thoughts are rooted in different approaches to and braches of knowledge. Thus, to understand him, one has to underestand the nature and the foundations of his epistemological, ontological, and humanistic views. Though Biruni focuses on the fate of the natural world and the starting point of his ideas is the description of natural laws and patterns, this end is finally achieved through mental explanation, intuition, and revelation. In other words, his research method is based on a combinational model which starts from sense and induction, continued by reason and deduction, and proved by revelation.