نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، تیر 1401)

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the spread of discourses such as the establishment of a world Islamic government, the export of the revolution, the Umm al-Qura of the Islamic world, and subsequently the invitation of Muslims to join the Shiites, rival, alternative and alternative discourses were formed. The first example was Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia. A country that, with its traditional position in maintaining the status quo, was opposed to the Islamic Revolution by the Islamic Revolution, which wanted to change the status quo. Saudi Arabia sought to secure its leadership in the Islamic world by updating its religion, Wahhabism, as the ideological rival of the Islamic Revolution. But ISIL's rival and Wahhabi model has risen up against this political Islam and is showing its part-time government in Iraq and Syria. This article compares the political beliefs, political ethics and political behavior in the political systems of Shiites and ISIL during the years 2011-2016.

In this article, the views of two religious thinkers, namely Feyz Kashani, who was brought up in the field of transcendent wisdom, and Schleiermacher, a thinker of Western philosophical thought about religion, God and man, are examined with a comparative approach. How can a philosopher understand how man understands the sacred texts?Despite some differences in the principles, methods, issues and goals of Feyz and Schleiermacher's philosophical and religious thought, both thinkers try to interpret the texts and recognize human truth based on a kind of comparison between man and the truth of existence. The similarity that can be seen in the approach of both thinkers is that, firstly, based on religious principles - Islam and Christianity - and secondly, according to the spiritual aspect of man, he explains the various dimensions of deep interpretations of sacred texts and jointly says that man is the only being in It is the universe that, in proportion to its faith and moral practices, can be related to the realities of the universe, and in this case, there is always a hand that elevates it both ontologically and epistemologically. Therefore, both Faiz and Makher believe in the interpretation of the holy texts, but one considers this interpretation only through the channel of the Infallibles (AS) and the other, and the other considers it through human intellect.

Justice is one of the basic principles in the minds of countless thinkers. All Abrahamic religions also emphasize justice. The Holy Quran and the manners of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams have paid great attention to social justice. The main question of this article is how Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei viewed social justice. The hypothesis proved in this article is that the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran in all legislative, judicial and executive programs of the country pay special attention to observing social justice and eliminating class gaps and supporting the deprived and the barefoot and the general public. The deprived have considered society. in other words; In his view, justice is not only a moral virtue, but also a great social principle that should be given special attention. Justice has different dimensions. This article tries to consider the various dimensions of justice in the eyes of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method used in this article to prove the hypothesis is descriptive and analytical. In this method, an attempt is made to examine the existing documents and works in a descriptive and analytical manner. The method of data collection is also library and documentary.Keywords: Ayatollah Khamenei, Imam Khomeini, justice, luxury, support for the deprived.

Insight is one of the worthy and praiseworthy attributes that a Muslim should have in his personal and social life. In political and social struggles and activities and stances, the position of insight becomes clearer. Without insight, worship, struggles and human wars do not have the desired result and sometimes, after years of worship and austerity or fighting the enemy, the blind man is on the wrong path and against the truth, as in the history of examples There is a lot of Iranian society that is the target of the enmities of the great devils and one of the examples of their enmity is the destruction of the family system. Therefore, an important necessity requires that our women have the necessary knowledge and insight in the fight against these enemies. The purpose of this study is to identify the verses of the Holy Quran in relation to women, family and marriage, the study of which is one of the main intellectual foundations of man. And the worldview follows him. The result of careful study of these verses by the women's community is to gain religious insight and its effect on maintaining the family and society. The method of the present study was to extract and classify Quranic verses in three general topics: women, family and marriage. Subject matter in more detail The choice of central categories in the three general subjects was based on three sources of interpretive guidance, social concepts in the Holy Qur'an and social ideas.

Since strengthening human capital as a means of differentiating the level of development of countries, provides the basis for improving the productivity of factors of production, supporting national production and strengthening competitiveness, therefore, the role of human capital in achieving sustainable economic growth and development is doubly important. Utilizing the potential capacity of human capital leads to increasing economic resistance, establishing stability and economic security, and ultimately, achieving the goals of the resistance economy in the country. And politics at the community level threatens the national security of the country, therefore, the general policies of the resistance economy refer to the use of human capital capacity in the country. Due to the importance of this issue, in the present study, the position of human capital in the resistance economy is mentioned and due to the quality of human capital, the reports of the World Economic Forum in 2015 and 2016 have been used. In the 2015 report, Iran was ranked 80th among 124 countries in the world with a score of 63.2 (with 14 steps of improvement).

The environment is what encompasses the lives of humans, animals, animals, plants and inanimate objects; Such as water, soil, air and light and other manifestations and manifestations of nature in which any change and inhomogeneity affect life, life and growth positively or negatively. Protecting the environment and paying attention to environmental issues, especially during the war, is one of the most important global issues for contemporary human beings and human rights defenders. Any damage and destruction of nature affects a healthy human life.The effects of war on nature and the environment are more dangerous than any other factor; Because in wars, the feeling of beating and victory of one side of the conflict over the other and the strong desire for revenge with the use of destructive weapons, gradually arises, and by inflicting casualties and losses, this feeling becomes more intense day by day and causes great damage. They affect the environment. Hence, the issue of environmental protection in wars became an issue of international law and human rights, and international activities and cooperation arose in this field. The question that arises in this research is what effect does war have on the environment? How can human rights law play a role in protecting the environment in wars?

The purpose of this study is to investigate meritocracy and administrative health and protection of people's rights in government organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization). The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey research method and is of the causal research type and specifically based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of this study is all managers and employees in social security organizations in southwestern Iran (Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars and Bushehr) consists of 183 people. Sampling method based on Morgan table is 118 people. Sample members were distributed. Data collection tool, three researcher questionnaires 1- Shastalari; 2- Questionnaire for protection of people's rights 3- It was a health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Emus software. Findings showed that there is a relationship between meritocracy and administrative health. There is a relationship between meritocracy and the protection of people's rights. Administrative health plays a mediating role between meritocracy and the protection of people's rights.

The formation of social classes in Iran, developments and relations between them and their relationship with the government are strongly influenced by oil revenues. In Iran, the modern middle class was not born from the womb of production. That is why it is necessary to change the modern middle class of Iran from a dependent class to a productive and independent class. In this study, while examining the emergence and nature of the modern middle class in Iran, we investigate the role of the rentier government in the formation and expansion of the modern middle class. In general, three causal mechanisms can be introduced to explain the impact of a government benefiting from oil rents on the modern middle class: Rantier effect, suppression effect and modernization effect. Based on the presented economic-political analysis in relation to the influence of the ninth and tenth governments on the modern middle class of Iran, the following two conclusions can be drawn: First, the modern middle class of Iran has grown quantitatively due to the increase in oil revenues in the period 1384 to 1392. Second, this positive oil rent shock has had a significant negative impact on the functioning of a strong and independent middle class. To test the second hypothesis, data on good governance have been used.

The maintenance of cultural security of Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the important branches of the national security of a country.the presentation of the pattern of passive defense is very necessary for the maintainance of the cultural security in conditions in which different cultures have invaded Iranian-Islamic culture. The purpose of this reseach is the theoretical extension of the concepts of the cultural security and the identification of the pattern of reinforcement of passive defense to maintain the cultural security in Islamic Republic of Iran. The qualitative research method is data-based (Grounded Theory) and the data has been collected through interviews. The statistical community of this research includes cultural experts suh as thinkers, professors, and cultural authorities of Iran who were chosen by Snowball Sampling method. After doing 15 In-Depth Semi-Structured interviews, the data analysis reached the theoretical saturation. The interviews were codified and after making 680 concept-codes, the concepts were more abstract. Finally, the concepts were categorized. Categories lie in the axis of paradigm model based on Corbin-Strauss Model and the suggestions were provided based on 6 axis.

After World War II, due to the devastation caused by the war, the maximum government took control of the affairs of the people with all the economic affairs of the countries in hand. But from the early 1980s onwards, which coincided with the early years of the Iranian revolution, the economic administration of countries reduced governments to a minimal organization. And after that, with the awakening of the nations of the Third World, and the demand for their human rights, the powers will inevitably move towards good governance. In this article, using the author-centered hermeneutic method, we examine whether Hashemi , as the first executive person of the country during the his presidency and then the chairmanship of leadership and expediency experts, is in line with these policies and accepts the theory of good governance, we see that good governance from Hashemi's point of view is based on the Islamic-Shiite tradition, especially the political life of the Prophet and the Imams, and the use of human experience and achievements in governance, especially through the institutionalization of the party system.

With eight years of political and social presence in the country, with the advent of the Ahmadinejad government and the unification of the state system, the reform process has become virtually marginalized and less active. With the 11th presidential election, the faction stepped out of the lock of defense and began planning and policy-making to regain power. The main question of the research is that; how do reformists view politics and power after the 1988 presidential election? And what are the social consequences of this approach? The research findings show that after the 1988 election, the reform movement first tried to pave the way for it to enter power in the form of a policy of "coalition and strategic partnership" with the moderate current, so that they could continue to influence Maintain the socio-political structure of the country. However, the poor performance of Rouhani's government on various issues, on the one hand, and the inability of the reformists themselves to make good use of their political and social capital in the field of power, led to the reform process in addition to losing its hegemony and political capital in the 1980s. , Practically face the decline of social acceptance and loss of social capital in the 90's.

One of the sociology aspects is lifestyle, but by developing of internet, nowadays we are now faced with the e-lifestyle. In this paper we study the purchase behavior of each Iranian’s e-lifstyle in the online enviorment in two steps. In the first step, aims to identify the e-lifestyle types among Iranian citizens by K-mean clustering approach. Questionnaire that derivatived from related previously reported literature was distributed among tha 970 samples. The results of this step shows five different e-lifestyle, which named Interactive, Negativisms, Pioneers, Requisiteness Oriented, and Self-indulgent. In the second step, to study the online purchase behavior of each e-lifstyle, we use the quality phenomenology method and depth interview with the 15 samples who selected by maximum variation. The data was collected and analyzed by Giorgi method. The result shows the seven main themes for Interactive group, six main themes for Negativisms group, nine main themes for Pioneers group, seven main themes for Requisiteness Oriented group, nine main themes for Self-indulgent group.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other systems of government, has elements and components that distinguish it from other systems and its lofty goals are defined on the basis of components. In order for this type of economy to continue, it is necessary to move more towards restricting the use of oil resources and getting rid of the country's economy's reliance on these resources, noting that a resistance economy makes sense in a situation where there is war and against economic war. It is also the soft war of the enemy that makes sense in a resistance economy. The private sector is the main engine and driver of economic and industrial growth, which by using its capital and attracting and participating in non-governmental capital, efficient use of human resources and efficient management practices, while playing its role in economic and industrial growth, can Achieve government development goals. Considering all the effective factors and subsystems in the resistance economy, it should be said that sanctions can not cause significant disruption for a country with the power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and with these vast borders and God-given resources, a country that relies on God Almighty and is a stable nation. And he is smart, he will definitely be the winner of this field. The Islamic system is able to turn most of today's threats into opportunities by planning, trying, formulating the necessary strategies and measures with a focus on the resistance economy.

The present study aims to identify the components of the requirements of the political ethics of rulers and guarantee their implementation in the Iranian legal system. This article is qualitative in terms of research methods and methods. The information obtained in this study has been described and analyzed by content analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that the guarantee of law enforcement has various effects, which are sometimes in the form of punitive aggression or compulsory. His material or financial and financial performance leads to and sometimes has a situational face. Therefore, according to the available sources, in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, there are two categories of executive guarantees, including divine supervision, internal (moral) and external (legal) executive guarantees on the political ethics of the ruling agents. However, due to the complexity of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is suggested that the components and characteristics of the political ethics requirements of brokers in the legal system be identified and extended to ordinary laws, judgments and administrative orders and regulations.

Today, economic sanctions have become very important as a tool to ensure the implementation of international rules as well as the maintenance of peace and the restoration of international peace and security because they affect many social, economic, political and sociological issues. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of banking sanctions on the international activities of the Iranian banking system and the options ahead. In response to the question of what effects have banking sanctions had on the activities of the Iranian banking system? It can be said that since sanctions are considered as tools in the hands of governments and international organizations to achieve specific political goals, banking sanctions actually target the international activities of the banking system and want to put pressure on the banking system. The country has damaged its economy and forced the target country to adopt its own policies. Meanwhile, the banking sanctions imposed on Iran are aimed at forcing it to abandon its nuclear program.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between government species and capital market development. In this study, with the hypothesis that "political systems due to the nature, ideology and level of capitalism can be an obstacle or factor in the development of capital markets" answers the question that what is the relationship between the types of political system and capital markets? In order to achieve this goal, in the following text, using historical and interpretive methods, the historical approach and using documentary studies and typological libraries of political systems and their relationship with the capital market were examined. Based on the data of this study, it can be said that there is a significant relationship in terms of political and democratic ideology and the undemocratic nature of the political system with the development of the capital market. The results show that by analyzing the government and the market, including the capital market as political institutions and using the Weber model, it can be inferred that the government is the minimum factor in the development of the capital market. The next model is for left-wing democracies, but undemocratic right-wing and undemocratic left-wing political systems, by their very nature, hinder the development of capital market-oriented development goals.

This article aims to investigate the role of futurology in the formation of art policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is based on the text of the policy. The present study examines these political changes and developments in recent decades with the aim of what is the role of futurology in the formation of cultural and artistic policy discourse in Iran. In particular, it will focus on the art of Horizon 1417, as the impact of technology on the arts of later decades has been emphasized by the country's art policy makers. Therefore, the main question of the present study is what was the background, causes, consequences and context of the formation of futurology in this decade? The concept of futures studies and policy-making has been defined using a qualitative method based on a grounded approach (grounded theory) and documentary library studies. In this regard, scientific documents and the compilation of opinions of experts using the Delphi method deal with the role of future research in the field of art and provide theoretical and practical solutions. The results show how futurism sustains values and cultural cohesion by curbing change. Contemporary art futures studies offers a good way to promote the status of art, identify future opportunities and threats by relying on scientific developments and emerging and creative technologies.

Ardeshir Testament and Ardeshir Ferdowsi's Shahnameh are among the Andarz that convey to us the political way of governing. Although these two texts have been compiled in two different contexts, they have consistencis and inconsistencies in the manner and methods of government. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the question of what is the difference between the Ardashir Testament and the Ardashir Ferdowsi Shahnameh in terms of governmentality? The result of this research is that the Ardashir Testament is issued by a king who is familiar with politics, governance, and technologies of power. The realism of this policy is in contrast to Ardeshir Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, who is a landowners (dehqan) who is not in politics and has much of wisdom and advice. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the consistencis and inconsistencies of the two texts with a "comparative approach" and with the help of Michel Foucault's theory of governmentality.

The aim of this study was to identify the components of empowerment of the staff of the Social Security Organization based on the teachings of Nahjul Balagha. Qualitative research was a type of documentary analysis. The statistical population includes the book Nahj al-Balaghah translated by Dashti (1330 AH), which includes 625 pages and 241 sermons, 79 letters and 480 wisdoms. Therefore, the sampling method is census. To collect information and data, the appropriate checklist, design and narrations of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah were analyzed. Content analysis of qualitative research was extracted directly and inductively from raw data through a systematic classification process, codes and classes. Since the criteria for accuracy in content analysis are validity, portability, reliability and verifiability, a strategy such as expert review was used to determine the validity. To assess the review of experts, the full text of the codes and classes was provided to 3 experts on religious issues with the focus on the statements of Imam Ali (AS) and his views were used in correction or approval. Also, in connection with the verification of the process, an attempt was made to accurately record all stages of activities. From the analysis of the results, 8 components and 45 indicators can be extracted, including; Independence (including 4 indicators); Responsibility (including 6 indicators); Self-control (including 8 indicators); Self-esteem (including 6 indicators); Confidence building (including 4 indicators); Modeling (including 5 indicators); Knowledge enhancement (includes 6 indicators) and work discipline (includes 6 indicators).

The purpose of this study was to design a model of sport participation of socially disadvantaged women and girls in Tehran using the data theory approach. The research method is qualitative and exploratory. Statistical population included university professors, experts and experts. Topics in the list of experts included having a field of study and having academic backgrounds related to the subject, having managerial positions and executive experience in the field of sport sociology, and experts in the field of socially disadvantaged women in wellness and rehabilitation centers. The sampling method was non-probability sampling with purposeful selection with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this study was 16 persons based on theoretical saturation index. The interviewing tool was open-ended and analyzed based on three open, axial and selective coding steps using Maxqda version 12 software. Based on the data analysis, 168 primary concepts, 24 main categories and 5 core concepts were identified. Then, five theoretical theories were developed based on the paradigm-based data theory model for designing a model of sport participation of socially disadvantaged women in Tehran. From these results it can be deduced that the design of the model of socially disadvantaged women's sports participation is not achieved but is a purposeful process that is rooted in many traits and modes

Shiite jurists, after being deprived of the presence of the Infallibles (AS), increasingly realized the necessity of achieving a valid and revised method in deriving practical branches from the holy texts, and in this regard, established the science of the principles of jurisprudence. However, other religious scholars who saw themselves in the face of opposition and focused their main efforts on the rational defense of the principles of religion and religion did not elaborate on the methodological issues necessary to deduce religious teachings. In order to draw the attention of researchers in the field of humanities to this important issue, Ayatollah Maleki Mianji has studied the method of inferring the religious teachings by explaining his special view on interpretation, firm and similar, and the achievements of the observer. Among these achievements, we can point to the indescribability of God in such a way that he believes in the principle of verbal sharing of divine names and attributes in complete contrast between human attributes and God's attributes. He has denied and considered divine knowledge possible only through introducing God to man in the situations of definition.

Social justice is still a perfectionist belief at the national and international levels. Justice, its definition and characteristics, as the most fundamental concern of humanity from the beginning of creation until today, have included fundamental changes and transformations, so much so that it can be said that injustice and non-realization of rights are the result of these changes and problems It is. In the Christian tradition, the standard of justice has been the teachings of this religion and man is obliged to observe justice according to the divine duty. But in the period of enlightenment and the rule of reason and experience, as well as the promotion of positivist thinking, the interpretation of justice has changed and justice changes the nature of the relationship between two people and the divine commitment and the relationship between man and God in the matter of justice fades and this change Attitude determines the deplorable consequences for human beings in the future, which in this article we try to study this issue using analytical and descriptive methods. The results indicate that justice in the Age of Enlightenment is defined in the form of a social contract by distancing oneself from the divine concept and the Christian tradition, and the realization of justice is interpreted subject to the formulation of laws in the opinion of the majority of society and guaranteeing the interests of the majority.

Different theories have been investigated about how Iran was conquered by the Muslim Arabs and the Sassanid Empire collapsed. Among all the factors that have shaken the Iranian people throughout history, the invasion and entry of Arab Muslims into this land (the first half of the seventh century AD), has brought with it the greatest change. Why and how the Muslims were able to overthrow the great Sassanid empire and dominate all of Iran at that time for almost a century is a fundamental issue, and different views have been offered on the motives for this invasion. A group of extremist and anti-Islamic writers believe that the Arabs' goal in invading Iran was nothing more than the acquisition of booty, slaves and maids. Another group says that undoubtedly spiritual motives also played a very important role in this regard, and the main motivator of the Arabs in these attacks was the same spiritual and religious motive. This article tries to examine the religious and cultural motives of Muslims in attacking the territory of the great Sassanid Empire by using historical sources and knowledge as much as possible. According to the results, Muslims at the beginning of the conquest and invasion of Iran, in addition to economic and political motives, also had cultural and religious motives.

always about whether human rights are absolute or relative rights? There was disagreement. The dominant view emphasizes the absolutism of human rights. But those who believe in the relativism of human rights have their reasons for defending the relative human rights. The purpose of this article is to answer this question; are human rights really absolute? This research assumes that even those who believe in human rights absoluteness, they believe in absolute human rights only in the theoretical realm, And when they enter the realm of action , their actions reflect the relativity of human rights. therefore , the answer to the question of what can be said about the relativism of human rights in the practical realm? It seems necessary. In this article, with the descriptive – analytical method and collecting information through the library method, we try to reach the conclusion that in relation to human rights, even absoluteists in practice seek the realization of human rights with a relativistic policy.

selective competence is the legal status under which an administrative authority can select the most appropriate of the legally acceptable options. Deviation from the limits of discretionary powers and their abuse occurs when the decision taken is not a legally acceptable option and is not justified by the available evidence or is contrary to the principle of competence, because one of the requirements of competence as a limited concept Is to prevent the withdrawal of competence and abuse of authority resulting from it.In some cases, the executive branch sets government regulations.This regulation, which is in line with the better implementation of laws and good administration of affairs, can also restrict the rights and freedoms of citizens.The principle of the hierarchy of norms requires that the approvals of the executive branch follow the supreme norms, namely Sharia, the constitution and ordinary law.Article 138 of the Constitution recognizes the right of the executive to make governmental regulations.The executive branch has the right to enact government regulations to enforce laws and determine their details due to the existence of various specialized and technical organizations, having specialized and experienced people and more communication with the people. These regulations should not be within the competence of the legislature, should not contradict the supreme norms, and should be enacted by the competent authority.

One of the factors for exemption from the punishment of theft is the abduction of the abbot. The manner and motive of the theft have no effect on this sentence. Of course, this ruling is disputed among general jurists. The reason for not punishing the father from the point of view of the jurists of the sects is narrations, consensus and fame.Regarding the inclusion of the mother, the general jurists, since they consider birth as the criterion of the ruling, according to the meaning of the parent, have also considered the mother as subject to the ruling. But Imami jurists are content with the text. However, due to the strength of the arguments of the opponents of enforcing the hadd on the mother, a re-reading of the jurisprudential principles of the mother's ruling is felt. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources. In this issue, while explaining the reasons for and against the implementation of the hadd on the mother, the possibilities raised in the criterion of the father's exemption from the hadd of theft should be examined to clarify the possibility of attaching the mother's sentence to the father

Situational prevention as one of the methods of crime prevention is a set of measures and methods to reduce or eliminate the chances of committing a crime that tries to reduce the favorable grounds for crime or create an obstacle in the way of committing a crime or deprive him of the opportunity to commit a crime. Show. In this article, we have come to the conclusion through descriptive and analytical methods that, while situational prevention is recognized as one of the most important methods of non-criminal prevention today, but in practice and implementation of situational prevention policies, there are a number of important challenges that These challenges; It requires special solutions. In the executive dimension, the overlapping of the tasks of the relevant organizations, the lack of coordinated and national prevention programs and budget constraints at the executive level are the most important challenges for the implementation of preventive measures. In order for situational prevention measures to play an effective role in the crime prevention program, in the first stage, in the general crime prevention plan, the role, position and scope of the situation prevention function must be determined, and it is a fact that situational prevention It is only in conjunction with other criminal and non-criminal methods of crime prevention that the ultimate goal of maximizing the rate of delinquency can be achieved. The implementation of situational prevention policies requires above all the permanentization, popularization and investment of situational prevention,

The extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies is one of the new topics that there are different sayings among contemporary jurists about its nature; Some have called it monetary and some have called it non-monetary. This is also the case among lawyers. Therefore, the issue discussed in the present study can be posed as: What is the jurisprudential and legal nature of the extraction and sale of cryptocurrencies? In response to the present problem, it can be said that there are various sayings in this regard, which according to most jurists and jurists, its nature is monetary.Therefore, the nature of extracting and selling cryptocurrencies according to various jurisprudential and legal theories can be considered as modern and digital money that can have objective and religious value. This type of nature in 1397 and 1398 with the approval of the regulations The process of extracting cryptographic processing products and using cryptocurrencies was banned. In general, the subject of the present article will be examined in a descriptive and analytical manner, and as a finding, it can be said that in examining the jurisprudential and legal nature of extracting and selling cryptocurrencies, we can refer to different legal texts and jurisprudential texts. It is called money.

Expediency in criminology refers to a situation in which criminality must be based on the principle of expediency. On the other hand, criminology and, consequently, the criminal sentences in accordance with it and the guarantee of its implementation are affected by the category of expediency. Imagination is the basis for issuing criminal sentences as well as criminology, which in the legal and penal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the interests of the system. In certain circumstances, this institution has the right to go beyond the basic principles and texts of the constitution and Islamic norms. This kind of expediency has an important effect on the issue of criminality, which includes criminal, political, cross-sectional inflation and the reactivity of criminal law. Therefore, according to the above statements in this article, we intend to examine the expediency in the process of criminalization and answer the main and fundamental question: where is the position of the category of expediency in criminalization?

When customary law is formulated in the form of a text, the content of these rules generally undergoes changes, either due to the expression of customary rules in the form of natural language, or because we observe the gradual development of these rights. How a set of rules is implemented in domestic and international law is very different. A state that wants to have a new civil law has to pass a law to that effect, and since then a new set of rules has been applied to all the people of the country. Is copied. In international law, the situation is a bit more complicated, because it is not possible to pass a law, in such cases, concluding a treaty is a way to give legal value to the text of the law, this document is not valid for all members of the international community. This can happen at different times, as it is possible that one state will join the international treaty today and another another several years later. They shall not have the same effect as all other States Parties to the present Covenant. Eventually one of the treaty states may reject or withdraw from the treaty.

The adjustment of the contract is an important legal tool that restore the economic balance.This institution is divided into three categories contractual,legal and judicial, about the position of judicial adjustment in the EPC contracts with the fact that in this type of The adjustment should be issued by the court. on the other hand Reference Solving Disputes EPC contracts is in the jurisdiction of the Supreme Council arbitral. some challenges and problems in this ground is so important, including the lack of law for judicial adjustment, being appoint all arbitrators by the employer and loss of education in law of arbitrators are so important. Creating and accepting this thought movement about this kind of adjustment of the contract affected by reception of society's Economic developments on EPC contracts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is, examining the angles of judicial modification in this kind of contracts and the challenges of this issue and providing solutions to removing these problems from the perspective of sociology of law.

Minority shareholders are part of the shareholders of public companies whose individual influence is low and the probability of consensus among them is very low. This in some cases leads to the neglect of their interests. The need to support micro-shareholders is not only important in attracting their capital to the capital market, but also the level of support for micro-investors is one of the main indicators in the international business index. Therefore, the main challenge of this article is to examine the legal solutions to protect small shareholders in the conflict of their interests with controlling shareholders and managers. In the end, it will be clear that Iran's trade law lacks the necessary provisions to protect small shareholders; However, in the Commonwealth Law and the International Business Index, there are clear and objective criteria for supporting them. These strategies are applied in the form of corporate governance theory and the responsibility of managers and controlling shareholders.Keywords: Corporate Governance, Micro Shareholder, Controlling Shareholder, International Business Index.

Review:In this study, by comparing Iran's private law and international conventions, the issue of the effects of protesting against arbitration was examined. The main issue of the research was how international conventions approach the discussion of the effects of objections to arbitration in order to give originality to the arbitration award and its inviolability to prolong the trial and realize the rights of the parties. The investigation hypothesis was based on arbitration in the country of origin and obtaining a guarantee in appropriate cases by the court for retrial.The method of this descriptive-analytical research and the results of the research showed that in Iranian law, it is in accordance with some provisions of the New York Convention on Deposit Guarantee, appropriate to the vote for retrial, based on the court's decision. However, in the case of objections to arbitration, which in the New York Convention emphasizes "mandatory", this distinction is not taken into account in Iranian law. Also in Iranian law on the procedure of the New York Convention, which allows arbitral awards issued in one of the member states of the Convention to be enforced in other member states of the Convention without regard to its annulment; It is not specified.

In any migration, factors such as acclimatization and environment should be considered so that the person or persons who want to start a new life in a new and unpredictable environment do not get confused. The purpose of this study was supportive and interactive factors affecting the cultural adaptation of Iranian students abroad.

The method of this research is development-applied, exploratory mix and cross-sectional and applied survey nature. The statistical population in the qualitative stage were experts in the field of cultural adaptation of students who were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. .

The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that the cultural adaptation of Iranian students included 3 indicators of interactive factors and 4 indicators of supportive factors. The results obtained in the structural model also showed that interactive factors (r = 0.096) and supportive factors (r = 0.109) had a positive and significant effect on the cultural adaptation of Iranian students studying in Russian universities.

Cultural adaptation is one of the most important components and as a result of the realization of cultural development at the university level and educational and cultural institutions such as universities always play a role in cultural adaptation.

The present study used the scientometric approach to investigate the status of scientific products in the field of digital diplomacy. This study was conducted by considering 118 published documents from the beginning to the end of 2020 that were indexed in the Web of Science database. HistCite and Excel software was used for the analysis and VosViewer software was used to draw the collaboration and word co-occurrence network. Findings showed that publications in this field have significantly grown in recent years. The United States with 31 documents, the United Kingdom (28 documents), and Russia (10 documents) were the most productive countries in this field. The University of Oxford was the most productive university in this field (12 documents). The Hague Journal of Diplomacy also published the largest share of papers in this field (15 articles). In general, 11 different subject clusters were found in the word co-occurrence network of this field, which these clusters dealt with issues such as foreign policy, social networks, technology, cyber diplomacy, crisis, and so on. Totally, the results of the present study indicate that the field of digital diplomacy is an emerging field that has received much attention in recent years. It seems the growth of scientific production in this field coincides with the increase of media and social networks because social networks are introduced as the main tools in this field.

The concept and theory of social capital since the 1990s has been met with considerable attention from scholars and scholars in various fields of social sciences (economics, sociology, political sciences, etc.). On the other hand, social capital, unlike the developed countries, has been taken very seriously in underdeveloped states, especially its role and influence, has been overwhelmed, while today, social capital in development is highly regarded by scholars and elites Is political.
Method of research In this article, a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population of this study is the total population of 18 years old in the city of Mehran. The sample size is 383 citizens of Mehran, selected by cluster sampling and selected randomly.
The results of multivariate statistical analysis including Pearson correlation test, regression, Chi-square test, ANOVA test and Kendal correlation test showed that the relationship between dimensions of social capital and security of Mehran border was significant at the significance level of 0.05 and There is an indication that the greater the amount of investment in the dimensions of social capital, the social security of the citizens of the border of Mehran also increases.

The upcoming research, using the theoretical foundations of political economy, seeks to investigate the issue of ethnicity in the Middle East with an emphasis on ethnicism in Iran's Azerbaijan under the developments of global political economy and is trying to find out how economic factors affect political ethnicity in Iran's Azerbaijan. examine the years 1357 to 1399. The results of this study, which was conducted using an analytical-descriptive research method and data collection with a library and documentary method, show that although ethnicism in Iran's Azerbaijan is affected by economic issues, this effectiveness is not caused by From the economic discrimination against the Azeri people, it is caused by a kind of feeling of discrimination against oneself, which has psychological dimensions. Economic developments in neighboring Turkic-speaking countries have created a feeling of backwardness among Azeris and subsequently intensified ethnicism among them. In the meantime, the lack of attention to the issue of national identity and the lack of prioritization of the economy in policy-making, as well as the conflict of interests of neighboring Turkic-speaking countries and some other countries, have also been effective in the emergence of this phenomenon.

Fundamentalism is a school born primarily of the Protestant religion. Protestantism is a reform movement that originated in Berber Europe around the 15th century. The representative of the Protestant movement was mainly Martin Luther (1483-1546 AD), a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, who rebelled against the church and the pardon order issued by Pope Leo X in 1517. Before him, of course, John Wycliffe (1330-1384) and Janusz rebelled against the Catholic Church, but their revolt was for political reasons rather than belief. Concerning Jewish fundamentalism, the orthodox Talmudic Jews, who have accepted and practically believed in the modern interpretation of Jewish Zionism from the Promised Land, are considered Jewish fundamentalists.This study was conducted with the aim of semiotically examining the first movements of fundamentalism among the Jews who immigrated to the Occupied Palestinian Territories through the method of library studies. In fact, the study sought to answer the question, what were the signs of the first Jewish fundamentalist movement in the Occupied Palestinian Territories? At the end of the research process, the research hypothesis that there are four main signs: 1- Loyalty to the myth of the Promised Land; 2. The preaching of the two Messiahs; 3- Otherization 4-Pragmatism; It is one of the signs of the first Jewish fundamentalist movement in the occupied territories; It was proved.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran pays special attention to the observance of human rights, especially freedom, the most obvious of which is that this human right is sometimes violated by law enforcement officials, and the moral and legal necessity of compensation for the detention of innocent defendants is undeniable. In the present article, according to the approach of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the reference of the investigation and the method of calculating and requesting compensation for the innocent prisoner, which has not received much attention, has been examined. The main question that is raised and examined in this article is what institution is the investigating authority and what is the basis for calculating and requesting compensation for innocent prisoners in Iranian criminal law? The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and using the library method has examined the mentioned question that there is a great deal of compatibility with public ethics and individual rights regarding the authorities and the method of calculating and claiming compensation in Iranian law. In Iranian criminal law, a claim for compensation of an innocent prisoner can be claimed in a three-member commission and in special cases in public and legal courts. Payment of financial compensation is also one of the most important methods of compensating innocent prisoners in the Iranian legal system, and the results of the study indicate that there are ambiguities about how to calculate compensation.

Democracy is the ultimate goal of all societies and political systems and the ideal state of management. The institutionalization of democratic values is an important platform for the development of good governance. Development, the attainment of social welfare, civil liberties, the reduction of class divisions, the institutionalization of civil rights and the alleviation of poverty all depend on the prevalence of democratic values. The main purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the democratic values of citizens. The research method is quantitative meta-analysis (cm2). In order to perform meta-analysis, 26 researches between 2004 and 2004 were reviewed and 15 cases were selected as the final document. The results show that the tendency towards democratic values was higher among men, married people, 18 to 40 years old, upper class (high income level) and Persian people. The magnitude of the meta-analysis suggests that there is a significant relationship between political, psychological, economic and social factors with a tendency towards democratic values, and finally 0.291 explains and predicts its changes. According to the assumption of heterogeneity between studies, the adjustment effect of citizens is equal to 0.345, university students equal to 0.124 and education staff equal to 0.201 on democratic value and the overall effect of these moderating variables (mediating variable between independent and Dependent) is equal to 0.261.

Crime is a phenomenon that has existed in all societies, past and present. However, being permanent and general does not mean that crime is the same and uniform among them, but differs from one society to another, from one region to another, and from time to time. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study seeks to investigate the relationship between social capital and the commission of violent crimes as the main purpose, using the field method, survey technique, questionnaire research tool and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS software. The statistical population of the present study is men 18 years and older in Kermanshah, 384 of whom have been studied using the Cochran's formula as the sample size. The results indicate that between the total amount of social capital (P = -0.34), and its dimensions, ie social trust (P = -0.39), social support (P = -0.30), social interaction ( There is a positive and significant relationship between social cohesion (P = -0.32) and social awareness (P = -0.23); Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the social capital variable explains a total of 0.53 of the variance of the variable of committing violent crimes, taking into account the values ​​related to the volume of the effect of the coefficient of determination of this value in The average is estimated to be 0.28.

The main purpose of this study was validation (confirmatory factor analysis) and validation of the Islamic Social Marketing Assessment Questionnaire to investigate its impact on the brand equity of Afghan higher education institutions from the perspective of economics and management students in Afghan universities. The components of Islamic social marketing are environment, security and health, respectively. The environment includes items that destroy the beauty of nature, misuse of public and state property, increase green space in the region. Security includes items of secrecy and information, fear of reprimand, deep religious beliefs and peace among the people, as well as personal hygiene items, nutritional hygiene, clothing hygiene and disease prevention. Be. The present study is applied and in terms of data collection is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study included students of economics and management at public and private universities in Kabul. The statistical sample consisted of 384 students which were obtained randomly and the number of samples was obtained using Cochran's formula. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, content validity was evaluated using experts familiar with the research topic and structural validity was evaluated using valid indicators in structural equations. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The results of data analysis confirmed the validity of social marketing components and it was found that there is a significant relationship between Islamic social marketing components and brand equity of educational institutions.

One of the effective factors in organizational commitment is organizational justice and organizational identity. In the present study, according to the theoretical foundations of the research, the status of justice and organizational identity and its impact on organizational commitment of employees are examined and measured. The research method is descriptive-survey. The sample size was 220 employees of Tehran Municipality who were selected through simple random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling and t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Organizational justice and organizational identity have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment of employees and can explain the level of organizational commitment among employees of Tehran Municipality. All necessary efforts should be made to create and increase organizational justice and its dimensions (distributive, procedural and interactive justice) as well as organizational identity. The management role of the organization is undeniable and conditions must be created so that employees can be committed to their organization.

The purpose of this study is to present the supply chain management model with regard to IoT technology in companies in the field of information technology in Tehran province. The present study is part of applied research according to the objectives it pursues and in terms of the work process is part of descriptive and survey research. It is an exploratory type. The statistical population consisted of experts familiar with the subject of research (managers, experts and professors fluent in the subject) which was interviewed in a non-random and purposeful way until theoretical saturation. The statistical sample was determined by snowball method. This research has used two open-ended and researcher-made questionnaires to collect the data needed to measure the studied variables. The scoring method of the second questionnaire is designed based on the Likert 5-choice spectrum. Experts' opinions were used to check the validity and the reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha and was equal to 0.79, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the instrument. Swat and system dynamics modeling were used to analyze the data. All analyzes were done with Venism software. The results showed that by modeling and simulating the effective factors on supply chain management and according to the factors, The effect of these factors on each other and how they are related has been shown that two scenarios were developed that attention to long-term time efficiency can improve the efficiency of supply chain management.

States are required to comply with their international obligations under international instruments. Violation of international law by the state leads to its international responsibility. This is a basic rule and a necessary element of international order. The former is a clear example of the numerous attempts to legalize international responsibility by doctrine, international jurisprudence, and the intentions of governments. Doctrines and initial plans to legalize international liability became interested in investigating damages to foreigners, such as individuals and legal entities. What is the position of the aggrieved person in the system of international liability? The answer to the question is the subject of this research. In the first stage, we try to prove; The basic premise is that an individual can have rights based on the international community. In the second stage, the various ways available to the individual to defend themselves are due to the damage suffered by the government. In the final stage, we will examine the exact issue of repairing the damage to the person or persons

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tactics and strategies for solving the problem of international relations in Imami jurisprudence with emphasis on the Prophetic and Alawite tradition. The following were extracted: 1. In the field of problems, we can mention the heterogeneity of the international community, the hardening of powers in the world arena, economic rigidity, international hegemony, violation of the rights of other countries and the existence of non-governmental actors, and tactics and strategies. Solving the problems of international relations include: strategy of denying pluralism, strategy of value and dignity of humanity, strategy of tolerance, strategy of denying humiliation, strategy of denying oppression, strategy of independence and non-dependence, strategy of conveying the divine message, strategy of peace and prevention of war, strategy of guiding The whole world and the strategy of Toli and Tabari as Islamic strategies to solve the challenges of international relations.Keywords: International Relations, Imami Jurisprudence, Prophetic and Alawite Sira.

One of the oldest human aspirations has been and is to establish international peace and security. The concept of these two issues has changed a lot over time, as it became extremely important in the world after 9/11. Following this unfortunate incident, the international community took measures such as the ratification of 12 global conventions and 7 regional conventions and the Security Council with the issuance of a resolution in 1994, to deal with such incidents. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be acknowledged that the process of combating international terrorism in international law is very slow, which indicates the lack of sound or anti-human dignity laws in human rights.Keywords: Security Council, 9/11, Terrorism, International Law, Human Rights.

Halvan was the old name of the present-day city of Sarpol-e Zahab in the west of the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural, religious and civilizational situation of Helwan to the antiquity and importance of this city and the reasons for the attention of rulers and kings to this region, despite the important Islamic cultural and civilizational works including Ahmad Ibn Ishaq and dozens of historical monuments. Many pilgrimages in the Islamic era and more attention of the rulers to this region and the ancient road and the Silk Road that passes through this city, has been the point of connection between Iran and Mesopotamia and the Western world. The present study seeks to answer the question Has it been in a different position? The research hypothesis is that Helwan, due to its strategic and border location, the land route of pilgrimage to Atbat and Hajj, has a special status and has attracted the attention of the rulers. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Findings show that the border and strategic location, the relationship with neighboring civilizations and favorable climatic conditions have led to the migration of tribes to the region. At the beginning of the heavenly invitation of Islam, the people of this region welcomed the Islamic invitation with open arms and it was of great ethnological importance and included various ethnic groups with different religions.

Basically, after the conclusion of the contract, which can sometimes be very long, is the stage of implementation and fulfillment of mutual obligations, which arises in the first place from the authorized intention of the parties, which is based on the principle of freedom of contract and is manifested in the contract documents. Although the parties state their claims in the contract documents according to the principle of freedom of contract, these freedoms are subject to legal restrictions. On the other hand, the behavior of the parties to the contract is very important in how to fulfill the mutual obligations contained in the written documents of the contract. But it has not been widely cited in British courts. It should be noted that in all legal systems based on the rule of will of the parties in contracts, the subsequent behavior of the parties is considered the source of interpretation of the contract. Therefore, in Iranian law, despite the lack of specification, it can be accepted that by fulfilling the above conditions, the subsequent behavior of the parties in interpreting the contract can be cited. In the Convention on Sale and International Documents under study, despite the disagreement, it is accepted that the subsequent behavior of the parties can resolve the ambiguities in the contract, and explicitly the subsequent actions and behavior of the parties in interpreting the contract and clearing the ambiguity is considered.

The Islamic Council of the city has been established since 2008, and about twenty-two years have passed since the formation of this institution is a good time to review its performance In this study, to evaluate the performance of city councils, different views of experts and members of city councils of the fourth period have been examined and the results of the survey are as follows: There is a response from council members to a specific mechanism for overseeing councils 8.5% are very weak, 39.7% are weak, 14.1% are average, 26.1% are good and 6.4% are very good. In other words, council members believe that there is enough oversight. This answer may be due to the fact that council members monitor the current reform mechanism be controlled more than ever and therefore not so inclined to change the current trend. But in this regard, experts say that 4.3% is very poor, 30.4% is weak, 21.7% is average, 37% is good and 6.5% is very good. In other words, contrary to the views of city council members, the majority of experts believe that there is no specific process for monitoring the performance and approvals of councils. In this study to investigate how to monitor the councils, For this purpose, the questionnaire method has been used and the statistical population includes members of the Islamic councils of the city across the country and experts in areas related to the councils.

There is basically no separate contract called a " compulsory contract". Conversely, all contracts are ultimately subject to a certain level of coercion. The combination of "contract" and "coercion" is more than a legal term, it is an obvious semantic conflict. However, it has a legal capacity so without using this name, it can be considered an important place in the law. Usually, such descriptive combinations tell long stories of bitter experiences in history; Phrases that purify abuse and coercion in the guise of soft words like "contract." Are coercions that have become a contract legal enough to facilitate coercion and enjoy civil protection? Given the lack of sufficient resources in the field of compulsory contracts in Iranian law, this discussion inevitably has new and thought-provoking phrases that can open a new chapter in Iranian legal discussions. This article intends to answer this question by addressing the issue of "coercion" in legal relations when included in a contract. Assuming that "contract" is a sign of civilization and the rule of law based on the free "acceptance" or "rejection" of an offer, what effect does the description "coercion" have on the meaning of the contract?

Today, social and health marketing in the health and treatment system of the country, like many other organizations, requires extensive changes in the presentation and presentation of its services, which is based on the current world changes. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a marketing model. Health is based on social marketing in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of Iran

The current research was based on the practical purpose and of the exploratory-developmental type (because this study seeks to identify the components of the health marketing model based on social marketing and the development of the obtained model) and the implementation method is qualitative.

The results of the research showed that after conducting each interview and implementing the interview text for analysis and coding, it was entered into the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti. became The health marketing paradigm was chosen for social evaluation based on the foundational data theory

This research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of social problem solving, social trust and marital intimacy in working women and housewives of Baneh city. The statistical population of the present study was all working women and housewives who referred to health centers and medical services in Baneh city, using the available sampling method of 200 people (100 working people and 100 housewives) in a comparative (post-event) method. ) Selected. The tools used in this research were the Revised Social Problem Solving Questionnaire (SPSI-R; Dzorilla et al., 2002), the Social Trust Questionnaire by Safarinia and Sharif (2009), the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire by Bagarozi (2001), which, for analysis The data and the test of the hypotheses of the research were used by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test. The results of MANOVA analysis showed that the components of "positive orientation towards the problem", "negative orientation towards the problem", "logical problem solving", "impulsive style", "avoidant style" are more in working women than housewives. has The components of "confidence", "honesty", "openness", "cooperative tendencies", "trust-based behavior" are more common in housewives than in working women. Also, the average of "emotional", "psychological", "rational", "sexual", "physical", "spiritual", "aesthetic", "recreational" components is higher in housewives than working women.

The main purpose of the rules of civil liability is to compensate the material and moral damages and repair the damage, which the municipality and its employees are no exception to this rule. The legal basis of civil liability of municipalities is Article 11 of the Civil Liability Law approved in 1339. According to this article, damages may be caused by personal fault of employees or municipal administrative error or damage to the community, but what is the subject of this article is to review the cases of municipal exemption from civil liability by looking at the judicial procedure in This is the case, although the legislator in Article 11 of the Civil Liability Law states the conditions for the realization of the responsibility of employees or the municipality, but it must be seen in which cases the municipality is exempt from compensation for damages caused by its actions. On the other hand, in the last part of this article, only the government is mentioned about the exemption from compensation for damages caused by government actions. It has been used, so it should be seen that the non-use of the word municipalities in this section was due to the negligence of the legislator or the legislator has deliberately taken such an action, in which case the non-use of the word municipalities is related to the type of municipal actions. Has the legislature consciously spoken only of the government because it did not consider municipal action to be sovereign?

The school of segregation is one of the schools of thought that has been important in Shiite thought and seminaries since 1992. This school is basically an epistemological and methodological theoretical expression in terms of how to understand religious texts, which emphasizes the distinction between the three methods of religious knowledge, namely, narration, philosophy and mysticism. In the school of segregation, theory focuses on doctrinal issues, with social and political issues on the sidelines. Therefore, there is no direct and clear content about the political views of the school of segregation.In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of discovering the study of justice and installment in the opinions of separatists and the political approach and behavior of separatists towards politics and governance, including the revolution, seeks to answer the question that the implications What is the political school of segregation? The hypothesis presented in this regard, using Skinner's methodology, is that the school of segregation's view of politics is based on fundamental epistemological changes and, consequently, political functions, especially with emphasis on installments and justice, especially for Hakimi.Thus, the conclusion that can be drawn in the end is that in the process of revolutionary struggles, the political behavior of separatists in practice, from isolation to participation in political struggles and in the theoretical field has included lack of interest in revolution and participation in politics.

In today's society, the importance of the subject of documents and their registration is not hidden from anyone, because with the development of societies and the growing growth of commercial transactions, the development of trade and internationalization of trade, everyone has made people feel some kind of security in transactions. And this issue is taken from the dynamic and appropriate registration system. Therefore, the present study, which seeks to examine the conflict of documents in Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law, after expanding the conceptual space of the research subject, will examine the conflict of documents. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method in this dissertation is library. The findings of this study indicate that: First; It seems that in the conflict between a formal document and an ordinary document, the official document has more positive value and power in terms of enforceability and has priority, secondly; It seems that in comparison between official and ordinary documents, official documents for reasons such as having evidentiary power, legal effect of official documents in creating confidence in the judge that the personal claim is correct and having both positive and affirmative aspects on ordinary documents. It is preferable, thirdly; In Imami jurisprudence, it seems that in the conflict between the official and ordinary document, the principle is the impossibility of conflict.

The Bahmanis were the first independent Muslim government in southern India to rule the region from 748 to 934 AH. The founder of this dynasty was Aladdin Hassan Kango or Bahman Shah (748-759 AH). Eighteen members of this dynasty ruled the Deccan, the capital of eight of them was Hassanabad Golbargeh and the capital of the other sultans of this dynasty was Mohammadabad Bidar. The formation of the Bahmani government in the Deccan Valley, who considered themselves descendants of the kings of Iran, and on the other hand, from the very first days of their formation, unwavering support of the Iranians and Sadat of Iraq, Mecca and Medina, led to the invasion of Iran. To consider this as their best refuge and refuge and to migrate to this region individually and in groups. . Findings of the present study which has been done using library resources and descriptive-analytical method. It shows that these migrations caused the spread of Shiite religion and caused the spread of Iranian-Islamic culture and civilization in Deccan, especially during the Bahmanian rule.

Today, as a result of the development of societies, population growth, confrontation of public interests and private interests, the transition of the government from a single-sector government to a welfare and democratic government, attention to the interests of the majority and the public in the shadow of democratic systems, we witness the increasing importance of the discussion of land and property acquisition in line with It is to eliminate the legal gaps, therefore, the current research is trying to investigate the evolution of legislation related to land acquisition before and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, with a brief look at the laws of England and France. From this point of view, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject, it will investigate the historical course of land acquisition laws before and after the revolution. According to the subject documentation presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information in this research is library. The findings of the article are that in the historical course of the laws approved before and after the revolution, it can be stated that, in the establishment of laws in the field of real estate and land acquisition before the revolution, there were features such as: the transfer of social rights to Individual rights, emphasizing the payment of nobles without regard to the payment of the arena and inspiration laws have been emphasized in the approval of laws,

Sistan, as one of the easternmost states of Iran, has a long presence in Iranian religious and political mythology and history. The most important religions active in this land during the Sassanid period, especially from the second half of the Sassanid rule, were Zoroastrian, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian and Jewish. With the arrival of Islam in Sistan, as in other parts of Iran, there was a significant change in the religious and political form. From the first century AH, the people of Sistan gradually converted to Islam and accepted an Islamic political and religious identity. Yaqub Laith Saffari was one of the first Iranian rulers to come from the people of Sistan. The Ratbil / Zanbil dynasty was one of these local rivals whose territory Sistan was part of centuries ago. These dynasties and Kabul kings were Buddhist and Shia. the time and place in which Yaqub Laith Saffari formed his government, the main issue of this article is to examine his religious policy. For him, political and economic goals were more important than religious goals. In order to repel the enemies and the danger of the rivals, to consolidate power, to gain wealth and spoils, to expand the territory and gain legitimacy from the caliphate and to be accepted by the Sunni community, he proposed models related to invading the land of infidels and destroying their temples. He became religiously tolerant of the followers of the divine religions. In Ya'qub's religious policy, the attempt to spread Islam was irrelevant.

Political thought, in a sense, is a reflection on how power is produced and distributed in the sphere of polis. Thus, a thinker who suggests a framework for how power is produced and distributed could be counts of as a political thinkers. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to extract the categories of sentence and obedience from the text of Gulistan with the aim of understanding the political dimensions of Saadi's thought. The findings of the study indicate that according to various codes, Saadi used the language of critical verbal actions and with a special look at the two concepts of political science, namely judgment and obedience, not only criticized the deplorable socio-political situation of his time. Data, but beyond that, has tried to criticize the most important part of old speech, especially that of Khajeh Nizam al-Mulk. Thus, in Saadi's view, in relation to and obedience, the subjects are removed and Sultan (king) is deposed.

The increasing development and expansion of relations between countries and nations, especially the significant expansion of international trade relations, migrations, tourism industry and the formation of transnational companies willingly have legal consequences. One of these consequences is the occurrence of lawsuits and disputes between persons of different nationality, an important part of which is presented to the foreign court and leads to the issuance of a ruling or decision of the foreign court, followed by the importance and necessity of identifying and implementing foreign rulings as an undeniable necessity. The executive system of foreign rulings in Iran is currently subject to Chapter 9 of the Civil Laws Enforcement Law, which, due to the increasing development of global trade, and the necessity of economic and cultural development of the country and attracting reliable foreign capitals and partners, cannot meet the needs of the country today. On the other hand, the opinions of our courts in this regard are met. This thesis is intended to review regional and international conventions, laws, regulations and judicial approaches of several countries and adapt them to Iran's laws, regulations and judicial regulations, discuss the flaws and weaknesses of Iran's law and judicial system, and finally propose proposals for reforming this part of the country's judicial system.

Citizenship rights are one of the most important components of the modern world that governments are obliged to observe in various areas of society, especially in the economic and financial spheres. Governments need to regulate the financial-capital market to protect the economic rights of citizens. The purpose of this article was to study the regulation of the Iranian legal-banking system in securing citizens' rights, which has been done by analytical-inferential method. Findings show that regulating the use of mechanisms that regulate and modify a system is better for society and more for justice. In Iran, the Central Bank of Iran, with the legal competencies and powers given to it, as a reference for regulating the financial market as well as supervising minor regulators, emphasizing and modeling laws and regulations on citizenship rights. , Covers the people of the society and takes appropriate steps in the implementation of citizens' rights with appropriate and proportionate regulations and less risk-taking, but in this direction, various human factors and political conditions may deviate from the path of the Central Bank. They also have financial-economic market regulation. The results show that in order to protect and expand the economic rights of citizens, a strong regulatory system is needed in the banking system and even on the central bank as an economic regulator.

The purpose of this study was to design and explain a model for overcoming decision-making under group and factional pressures in the evaluation and appointment process (Case study: Bank Saderat Isfahan Branch Management). And a little. second chapter of the research to design and explain a model for overcoming decision-making under group and factional pressures in the evaluation and appointment process Components and indicators have been extracted. Then, a research questionnaire was designed and the questionnaires were completed by 108 people in the branches of Bank Saderat Isfahan. In the descriptive statistics of the research, the research variables such as mean, standard deviation and variance have been studied. Then, in inferential statistics, in order to check the validity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was used and in order to examine the research questions, structural equation modeling (Structural Equation Modeling) with the help of SmartPLS 3 software was used. Variables, the component of factors within the organization has a better rank and has the first rank, and the component of resources and tools for implementing decisions has the second rank and the component of behavioral and personality characteristics of executives has the third rank. Among the indicators, the index of providing the necessary capital and budget is in the first place, and Gobe has the second place in having the appropriate financial and human resources to implement decisions, and in the distribution of rewards, the opinion of people is asked and is in the third place.

Education in Iran is unfortunately caught up in a process of traditional and inefficient methods. Traditional approaches and methods have led to the analysis of the power of the educational system. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of the elements and components of mentoring new teachers in the country's educational system. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. In the qualitative part, reference was made to specialists and experts and a quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire was used. The statistical population of the qualitative section was all specialists in the field of educational management, experienced teachers and specialists in the field of education that 17 people were selected as a sample by non-random method. The statistical population of the quantitative section included 1928 newly hired teachers in East Azerbaijan province, who were selected according to Morgan's table of 320 people. In order to identify the factors, semi-structured interview method was used. MAX-QDA18 software was used to prioritize and be aware of the importance of the components. The results showed, organizational and macro factors that according to the results, priority is given to organizational factors. In terms of priority areas with organizational strategies. Mentoring strategies organizational, and extra-organizational strategies that, organizational strategies. Priority in intervening situations is with extra-organizational strategies. Consequences include organizational, individual, and extra-organizational consequences, and according to the results, priority is given to individual consequences.

With the expansion of communication and the growing development of new needs and concepts, it enters the set of legal laws, one of the most important of which is privacy. Privacy is closely related to human dignity and, as we know, is one of the most important examples of human rights, in other words, privacy can be included in the first generation of human rights. International human rights instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms - Covenants (Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) and the Islamic Declaration on Human Rights state that it is inviolable. The ways in which this has been practiced in different legal systems are quite different from each other.Unfortunately, in Iran, despite the existence of serious and sufficient legal bases to protect the right to privacy, a comprehensive law has not yet been adopted, and this right in Iran needs a major change. The sources of civil liability for violating privacy can be seen in the Qur'an and Sunnah, but it can not be explicitly said that there is a law in society that can find the types of privacy and its violations and methods of compensation. Because most of the damage is to the dignity of individuals and is a kind of moral damage, it is difficult to compensate without comprehensive and complete laws.

The present study aims to fulfill and pay attention to the requirements of implementing the slogan of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution in the Nowruz message of 1401 entitled "Year of knowledge-based production and job creation" and creating a platform for commercialization and Quantitative & qualitative growth of knowledge-based Relying on knowledge and scientific advances and job creation is in the country.The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of Internal Marketing On the amount of entrepreneurial orientation for to develop was the Startup’s in the Iranian political community. Necessary data were collected with a standard questionnaire from 384 employees and managers of startups and selected by simple and easy non-probability sampling method. The least squares method Smart PLS software were used to test the model. The results revealed that Organizational transformation, internal processes, Internal and environmental structure, Environmental characteristics and value creation, have had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Finally, the results of the coefficient model of the effect of the change factors on the outcomes showed the confirmation of the relationships. The results of the goodness of fit index showed a value of 0665 indicating a strong fit and utility of the model.From this study can be used to identify also, plan and provide solutions to encourage academics, knowledge-based companies and Startup’s to teach an internal marketing based on knowledge-based production and job creation and promote it in organizations and public policy forums.

In most legal systems and international documents, good faith is recognized as a rule to be observed in the stages of negotiation, conclusion, execution, interpretation of the contract. From the inference of legal materials, we can see the need to observe good faith. In international trade, the parties to the contract can not exclude this principle by prior agreement. And have no right to conduct that causes harm to the other party. In all regulations, adherence to the principles of good faith is the main condition. The point is to the other side, secondly: it creates softness in the negotiation process to reach an understanding. Therefore, the parties try not to make irrational and unacceptable proposals, and thirdly: when the situation is in the interest of only one party, there is no obstacle to the continuation of the negotiation. If one of the parties disrupts the rule of privilege to the other party, the accused will be accused of violating the principle of good faith. We emphasize the principle in oil and gas contracts.

Wherever a society is formed, there are also rights, and where governments consider the establishment of regulations useful for the flow of order and harmony in social life, it is necessary that these regulations be implemented on time against those who violate them. should be placed and the guarantee of the predicted executions should also be applied against them; The most severe of these executions are of a criminal type, and imprisonment is one of the accepted methods of preventing crimes and mistakes or their repetition and punishing criminals, especially those who commit theft. This punishment is the legislative history of Iran's penal law, explaining the thoughts of supporters and opponents to evaluate the weaknesses and strengths of this punishment.
The question that arises in this article is, what is the opinion of the Iranian legislator regarding imprisonment? Unfortunately, the existence of many criminal titles with the punishment of imprisonment indicates that imprisonment and sending to prison has been considered as the most accessible tool for punishment and punishment, without taking into account the purpose of the punishments. Imprisonment should be fundamentally revised in the amount and number of criminal titles leading to imprisonment, and the judges handling the cases should be encouraged to use alternative punishments.

The confrontation of Islamic countries with modernity has affected the position of women in these societies in many ways. Political Islam has tried to provide many answers to the contradictions caused by the confrontation with Western ideas and their influence on women's discourse in the Islamic society. These answers range from full acceptance of liberal-democracy and feminism to their absolute rejection in the form of Talabani Islam. Each of the Islamic countries has its own historical developments and cultural coordinates, and this has also affected how the aforementioned discourse is elaborated in each of the Islamic societies. The question is, considering the teachings of Shiite Islam and contemporary developments, what kind of discourse can answer women's issues in Iranian society, especially the discussion of women's value in society?The present research introduces the "wisdom-based" approach, which theoretically results from the teachings of political Islam, especially the leaders of the Islamic revolution, namely Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader. Considering that Hikmat-Banyan's approach in analyzing the phenomenon of gender division of labor departs from single-cause theories, it is based on Islamic principles and is ultimately influenced by the developments of contemporary political Islam; The hypothesis is that this approach provides a suitable answer for women's issues, especially the value of women in the Islamic-Iranian society. This research, with a theoretical-historical approach, tries to conclude the data collected based on the library method in a descriptive-analytical way and using discourse analysis.

The purpose of examining the relationship between the invitation to intervene and the issue of the right to self-determination of the people from an internal perspective. This aspect of the principle of the right to self-determination requires that people be free to choose their political system, demand fundamental reforms, or even call for a change of government under certain conditions. Today, the right of the people to self-determination is recognized as a right that guarantees their fundamental rights, and what makes this right more prominent is the role that the people of a society play in their sovereignty to guarantee the rule of law and democracy. What is clear is that the participation of the public is the cause of the legitimacy and acceptability of the actions of the government and the government, and in the absence of public participation, the actions taken are questionable, questionable and objectionable, because non-public participation in elections is not approved by the majority It is contrary to the generalities and preambles of the constitution and the principles mentioned. The interpretation of the Constitution without considering all its pillars, especially the preamble and all the principles that are integrated and hierarchical, is not considered an impartial and scientific interpretation. Any action of legal institutions that leads to a decrease in the participation of the people in determining their own destiny is unjustifiable and incorrect and will only result in increased distrust and is an unconstitutional action approved by the Iranian people.

The development of communications and information in the international information society, and consequently the emergence of transnational politics, requires a new diplomacy based on transparency, openness and cooperation with civil and transnational civil society actors in the public sphere. Meanwhile, due to the importance and attention of the Islamic Republic of Iran to nations and public opinion, this type of diplomacy has a significant place in the country's foreign policy. thereforeThe question that is the main concern of the author is which elements have played an effective role and position in the public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Islamic world? In response to this question and inspired by the conceptual and strategic model of public diplomacy, the hypothesis is raised that it seems that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has over time played a key role in public diplomacy along with other pillars.And this has become much more pronounced in recent years with the dominance of new media technologies and virtual networks and competing powers globally and in regions such as the United States, the European Union, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, and the need to update information. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and filing tools.

Exercise can lead to cases of criminal or civil liability that have been more or less studied in some research. What has been reviewed in this research using descriptive-analytical research method; It is criminality and misconduct that are in fact the origin of the aforementioned responsibility. It should be noted that in sports operations, despite the fact that athletes explicitly or implicitly, both at the beginner level and at the professional level; Aware of the dangers, they have given consent to perform sports operations, and this satisfaction has been based on the fact that individuals are the owners and rulers of their physical integrity; This satisfaction is not absolute and faces an exception. In fact, whenever a crime or violation is committed in accordance with the rules of sports regulations or general criminal law, it creates liability for the offender. One of the most important ambiguities is to determine the diagnostic criteria for the crime or violation of the action. The complexity of the issue becomes more apparent when we know that most of the existing bylaws have not gone through the formalities set for approval and have often been approved and passed by the board of federations.

 
the present study aims to comparative analysis for the orientation of the positions and institutional approach of representatives of the 6th and seventh session of the council of the islamic council to political development. in this regard, the main question is whether the political trends of MPs have an impact on their performance with the level of political participation? the results of this research, which are based on descriptive - analytical method and Huntington's approach to the relationship between political parties and political development is necessary to advance the present research, thus making the theoretical basis of the research necessary and makes it necessary to address the issue. because of its importance in islam, system leaders have a special importance. It showed that there are signs of cooperation between parliament and other political institutions whenever there is a field for political competition among parliamentarians. The situation in an analysis leads to an increase in political participation and an important step towards political development. The MPs considered it a crucial lever for political development and considers their failure to examine their failure in this regard to political sociology issues. In the event of discussion, there are many factors in the realization of political development: structural, legal.