جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "طرد اجتماعی" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

The aim of this article is to investigate the lived experiences of addicts and to understand the world of current substance abusers and subcultures in their daily lives in the form of a foundation data model. The method of the present study is the purpose of a basic research because it uses inductive reasoning methods and is based on field methods. The present article is qualitative in method. The research field includes all people who refer to Isfahan greenhouses. Theoretical sampling method was used to enter the researcher's research field. Data analysis was performed by ground method (Strauss and Corbin). The findings of the present article indicate that in the case of "causal conditions" it can be said that inappropriate family conditions and the loss of important family members, family disputes and broken interpersonal relationships are among the causal conditions of substance abuse. In addition to the above causes, associating with deviant people, experiencing trauma, a person's curiosity, and hedonism are other important causes of substance abuse. Family and social exclusion, inequality of opportunity and institutionalized inequality, cultural and social poverty were among the most important underlying issues and deficiencies in the welfare-health system, lack of supportive coverage were identified as "mediating factors" of addiction. Conclusion The article reflects the fact that from all the resulting theorems, it can be seen that, in general, substance abuse is associated with "practical and emotional-emotional disintegration" and "social exclusion".

The purpose of this study was to investigate the formal and informal costs of crime by employing a descriptive survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of those convicted of robbery, fraud and intentional assault and released from prison in 1989. Using the available sampling method, 150 individuals were selected as the final sample size. The data-gathering tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated by the opinions of three experts. In addition, its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.81. After explaining the demographic data and distributing the frequency and percentage of questions answered, multivariate analysis of variance and t-test were used for data analysis and the Tukey test was used to determine the differences between groups. According to the findings of this study, investigation of official and informal crime costs of fraud is greater in thieves and in thieves is greater than in the perpetrators of deliberate assault. Also, when assessing formal and informal costs, in general, fraudsters pay close attention to both types of costs, thieves focus on informal costs more than formal costs and perpetrators of deliberate assault and crime pay little attention to official and social costs. The reason for the discrepancy in the assessment of crime costs is due to the forensic nature of the crime, simply put, the fraudsters regarded as white collar criminals knowingly commit the crime, whereas the perpetrators of deliberate assault and intentional assault are regarded as blue collar criminals as they commit spontaneous crimes.

The present study was conducted to compare effects of social entrepreneurship orientation with charitable orientation on various aspects of poverty including income poverty, social exclusion, ability poverty, vulnerability and inter-generational poverty. In this research, service recipients of social entrepreneurship institutes were compared with clients of charity organizations. Questionnaire survey containing 91 questions is selected as a data collection method. The “Living Standards” Questionnaire was used to measure different dimensions of poverty. Cronbach's alpha of all questionnaire subscales was higher than 0.7. The questionnaires were given to 143 service recipients of seven institutes with a social entrepreneurship orientation and 156 service recipients of eight charity institutions in Mashhad. The research findings reveal that service recipients of social entrepreneurship institutions had a significantly better situation than charity clients in different dimensions of poverty (needs of life poverty, health poverty, residence poverty, absolute poverty, relative poverty, inter-generational poverty, vulnerability, social exclusion and ability poverty. Social entrepreneurship reduces inter-generational poverty as well as breaks the cycle of poverty. Results indicate that employment regardless of the economic aspect (the improvement of individual welfare or household income), socially extends individual circle of inclusion circle as well as reduces the risk of isolation and social exclusion.

The main question of this research is how individual candidates, political coalitions and the elected persons concerned with the target groups in their campaigns in Tenth Parliament Election in Tehran? A sample of campaign items of candidates, political parties and groups including 391 individual candidates and 23 parties and groups is studied. Content analysis is elected for analyzing the data. In this research, 10 groups identified as main groups subject to social exclusion: the religious and ethnic minorities, illiterate people, young people, unemployed people, poor, patients, elderly people, women, children and disabled people. The findings show the main concern of candidates was with young people and unemployed people, and then, with poor, women, patients, elderly people, children and disabled people. The religious and ethnic minorities, and illiterate people never mentioned in election campaigns.