فراترکیب

According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is a crime that is committed by "respected and high-ranking" people. Studies clearly show that women are under-represented in official statistics related to certain types of organizational white-collar crime. Despite this, what exactly causes such a pattern is worthy of reflection and interpretation. This article aims to analyze the role of gender in committing white collar crimes in Iran and Norway.

The research method used in this article is a mixed (combined) exploratory research method with meta-composite and Delphi approaches. Library method was used to collect data. The study population of the research includes all the articles related to the research topic. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search was conducted based on relevant keywords from the Google scholar, Scopus, SID, IRANDOC, etc. databases between 1390 and early 1402.

The findings show that the number of initially extracted codes were 538 codes, which were converted into 241 codes in the next stage and 38 sub-codes in the secondary (central) coding stage, which were converted into 6 codes in the selective coding stage. became the main

The results of this research indicate that 6 main categories or themes were extracted for white collar crimes, which are: 1. individual dimension with twelve components; 2. social dimension with four components; 3. economic dimension with two components; 4. organizational dimension with eight components; 5. Political dimension with three components and 6. Laws and regulations dimension with three components

Ethnic diversity and the way the government institution interacts with cultural pluralism have long been considered as one of the main issues of Islamic Republic of Iranian society. This research is trying to identify the obstacles to the political development of multi-ethnic regions and discuss their impact on Islamic Republic of Iran's national security. Publish or Perish software was used to collect secondary data. A search in the semantic scholar database with the keywords "political development", "ethnic development", "security" and "ethnicity" showed that there are 356 valid studies published in scientific journals of the country. Based on the Prisma protocol, 66 scientific documents were included in the analysis basket for metasynthesis using maxqda2020 software. The meta-composite findings indicated those obstacles and their impact on Islamic Republic of Irans national security which are originating from two main categories, political development and ethnic development, each of which include cultural, social, economic, political, historical, geographical and security dimensions which are composed of 42 components and 91 indicators calculated from the base studies. In this article, "tension-causing and de-security identity seekin " was recognized as a combination of obstacles to political development in the multi-ethnic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and at the end, " comply ethnic justice and tolerance by strengthening the party mechanism in the direction of sustainable national security" was also presented as a Restorative model of obstacles to Political development in multi-ethnic areas in order to consolidation of Islamic Republic of Iran's national security.

Ethnic diversity and the way the state interacts with cultural plurality have long been central issues in Iranian society. This study aims to identify the drivers of political development in Iran’s multi-ethnic regions as a foundation for a new Islamic civilization using a meta-synthesis approach. A search in the Semantic Scholar database using the keywords "political development," "ethnic development," and "ethnicity" revealed 356 valid studies published in reputable academic journals. According to the PRISMA protocol, 66 scientific articles were selected for meta-synthesis, analyzed using MAXQDA 12 software. The findings from the foundational studies were based on political, economic, social, cultural, historical, and geographical components. Accordingly, the drivers of political development in Iran’s multi-ethnic regions included nineteen dimensions and 48 indicators. Additionally, the political development drivers for building a new Islamic civilization, as conceptualized by the Supreme Leader, encompassed thirteen dimensions and 25 indicators. By examining these indicators across various components, the meta-synthesis identified "tolerance, justice, and political convergence with an emphasis on Iranian Islamic identity" as the drivers of political development in Iran’s multi-ethnic regions, with its operational role expressed as "enhancing political insight and optimal Islamic governance while respecting the principle of unity in diversity."

There are different views in different schools of political economy about size of the government and its effects on efficiency of policies and on productivity in markets. Government downsizing as a way to increasing economic efficiency, effectiveness of public management and participation of the private sector has been considered by some researchers and politicians since the 80s. The most important problem in the approach of government downsizing is the ineffectiveness of the government's intervention in the economy. so, government intervention in markets by creating monopoly for state companies and actors reduces the level of competition and innovation among private enterprises. The necessity of government downsizing was demonstrated by the economic recession in the 70s and the debt crisis among developing countries. In order to organize their economy, these countries started to receive help from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and put the policies of reducing state ownership on the agenda. So, the root of problems was assessed in the large presence of the government in this field.
The downsizing of the government in Iran has also brought a diverse range of researchers' opinions. Iranian researchers have used different methods to organize their research when faced with the concept of government downsizing in Iran. This has caused a wide range of researches with different approach, methodology, sampling, data combination and different results. The aforementioned diversity in practice makes it difficult to have a precise and systematic knowledge of different opinions about government downsizing in order to use them in new researches or their application to the (practical) policy field. This necessitates the use of new research methods for the systematic classification of previous research and providing a new synthesis. Meta-synthesis is one of the appropriate methods to achieve this goal. In the meta-synthesis method, by systematically studying and reviewing the researches related to a topic, the researcher provides a detailed perspective of the researches in question and provides a new synthesis of them. According to these points, this article is trying to use the Meta-synthesis method in the field of studies related to the downsizing of the government in Iran.
The main goal of this article is to evaluate the opinions of Iranian researchers regarding government downsizing solutions in Iran and their systematic classification using the meta-synthesis method in order to provide a new synthesis of previous studies. In this way, the main question is as follows; What is the synthesis of opinions of Iranian researchers regarding the goals, solutions and obstacles in the process of government downsizing in Iran?

In this article, the opinions of Iranian researchers regarding the goals, solutions, and obstacles of government downsizing in Iran have been evaluated and a systematic classification of them has been made using the meta-synthesis method in order to provide a new synthesis of previous studies. The meta-synthesis carried out in this study consisted of 33 studies. This number of researches has been selected from more than 100 researches based on the indicators of the scientific validity, the validity of the publisher, the scientific and research history of the author and the citations to it.

The results of this synthesis show that according to Iranian researchers, the goals of government downsizing in Iran include reducing government economic activities, increasing efficiency and competition in market. Regarding downsizing solutions, privatization, modern public management, and good governance are also considered by Iranian researchers. According to Iranian researchers, the obstacles of government downsizing include rentierism, Iranian political culture, the lack of prerequisites for the implementation of the government downsizing policy, and the emergence of class conflict following the implementation of the government downsizing policy. Finally, the synthesis of the article was presented by examining the public-private partnership model (PPP) as a new solution for government downsizing and as an alternative to the Previous solutions.

Using the experience and knowledge of the private sector in Iran's economy, whether in the form of downsizing or in general, according to the special conditions of access to natural rent, has a different situation compared to the experience of the early models of the process of government downsizing, that is, England and the United States. The synthesis made in this article suggests the use of the public-private partnership model. In this way, a balance is created between the use of knowledge, expertise and, more precisely, the market-based performance of the private sector with the responsibility and accountability of the government institutions. The result is that both the possibility of reducing the economic burden of the government institutions and the natural rent belonging to all members of the society in the form of public property will not be converted into private property.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the requirements of science, technology and innovation policy making in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this qualitative synthesis, the research community included all relevant articles in line with the research objectives. A total of 59 articles were found based on suitable keywords, and based on the entry criteria of the title, 11 articles were removed, and based on the exit criteria of the abstract and content review, 24 articles were removed, and finally 24 The article was selected. As a result of the findings of the research, 198 primary codes were extracted in the form of 8 main components (1- Paying attention to actors, stakeholders and intermediate institutions, 2- Paying attention to the private sector, 3- Paying attention to universities and international interactions with transfer Knowledge and experiences 4- Existence of comprehensive and single information base and source, 5- Existence of a single center and institution in policy making, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation,6- Existence of a coherent model for integration between policy makers, implementers and upstream laws and documents, 7- Completion and creation of appropriate infrastructure by identifying the existing situation, explaining existing problems and providing solutions, 8- Existence of an appropriate mechanism in evaluation) and 59 The index was also identified as the policy requirements of science, technology and innovation.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the new model of operational audit in improving the judgment of auditors and the quality of internal control in Tehran Stock Exchange companies by using the meta-composite approach. In this research, using the meta-composite approach, first, through the following information banks and research references, similar researches were extracted in relation to the research toThe purpose of this research is to design and explain the new model of operational audit in improving the judgment of auditors and the quality of internal control in Tehran Stock Exchange companies by using the meta-composite approach. In this research, using the meta-composite approach, first, through the following information banks and research references, similar researches were extracted in relation to the research to.

Higher education is a very important institution in societies, not only because it educates the elite and provides a basis for a society with technology, but also because it is the most important intellectual institution that has a wide influence on culture and political affairs. The research seeks to identify and prioritize the key components of the political-social underpinnings of Iran's higher education system, focusing on governmental expectations Using a qualitative method and a meta-synthesis approach, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the higher education landscape in Iran. Data collection pools were documentary sources and the statistical population of all reliable scientific sources published domestically related to the research topic for the years 2002 to 2022. The sampling method was purposeful and based on the tools of the critical assessment skills program, and the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was used to collect and analyze the data. The research outcome entails the identification and categorization of five primary components of the political-social foundations of higher education, with a focus on governmental expectations: development of citizenship, political socialization, political participation, political development, and sustainable development. The results of Shannon entropy measure prioritized the components within domestic studies, ranking sustainable development as the first priority and citizenship development, political socialization, development, and political participation in subsequent order. In the end, based on the results of the research, appropriate suggestions were presented.

The main goal of the present research was to design a model for evaluating the effectiveness of university research, which was achieved using the meta-synthesis method. First, with the aim of identifying the dimensions, criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of academic research, selected keywords were searched in the most important domestic and foreign reliable academic journals and databases and the number of 262 related studies was identified and extracted among which 30 related scientific studies were selected according to using certain criteria. In the next step, with applying the method of content analysis, the related codes and concepts were extracted and then criteria and indicators related to each of the dimensions were identified and the findings were categorized upon them. Then, the key findings under the three dimensions of "inputs, outputs and effectiveness (internal and external aspects)" of academic research were compiled. The results showed that this proposed multidimensional and integrated model is unique and can be considered as an effective tool for evaluating the effectiveness of academic research at the disposal of researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Its application and implementation can improve the quality of decision-making process as well as the resource allocation decisions at different operational levels of the university.

Corruption means the misuse of public and government resources in line with individual goals in an illegal manner. In line to this definition, the main goal of the research is to study the factors affecting the occurrence of corruption, using  a inductive and qualitative meta-synthesis method in the period from 1996 to 2013. Therefore, with non-probability (deliberate) sampling of 96 scientific documents (extracted from Noormags, Magiran and Irandoc) and after screening, 43 cases were selected as the sample size by deliberate-non-probability method and entered the analysis phase with Excell software and They became MAXQDA 2022. The results show that in Iran, moral anomie (weakness of moral values of society, weakness of religious affiliations and weakness of organizational ethics), cultural anomie (inappropriate cultural adaptability; anti-values lifestyle and cultural abnormality); Social anomie (malfunctioning of social capital; social discrimination; malfunctioning of social institutions and prevalence of social abnormality); Anomie of social control (crisis of formal and informal control system); Organizational-institutional anomie (organizational bias; organizational discrimination; weak organizational governance and administrative dysfunction); Educational anomie (weakness of social media; low information literacy and educational dysfunction); Economic anomie (economic instability; economic pressures and discrimination and business climate crisis) and political anomie (weakness of political governance; malfunctioning of political institutions and political deviations) have been effective in the tendency to corruption.

This study seeks to explain the effect of corruption on innovation in current scientific sources and conceptualizes the components and aspects of the effects of corruption on innovation for future research in this field.In this research, a meta-Synthesis method with qualitative content analysis strategy was used in the research-documentary framework, and by applying systematic review and qualitative meta-Synthesis approach, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed, and a conceptual model of the effects of corruption on innovation was presented.Based on the coding, the effective factors in the direction of the effects of corruption on innovation were analyzed and categorized into 44 main categories and 2 core codes. The positive consequences of corruption on innovation include 23 factors and its negative consequences include 21 factors. The results show that corruption in countries affects innovation and economic growth. The direction of these effects is sometimes positive and negative, but in the long run, this effect is negative.

United States of America hold first rank in the world based on COVID-19 pandemic crisis infection and deaths, and has been critiqued about the poor management and leadership of the COVID-19 crisis.Therefore, this question is raised, what are the factors of the failure of the United States governance system in managing the COVID-19 pandemic crisis?To answer this question, published papers in 2020 and 2021 are explored and analyzed.For this purpose,the Meta-synthesis method and open coding are used.Meta-synthesis findings showed that the studied papers posed six basic factors as the failure factors of US governance system in managing the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, respectively: structural factors (federalism and intragovernmental relations and separation of powers (Senate, House of Representatives, and federal government)); political factors (political ideology, political industry, and partisan and political polarization); factors relevant to public management and leadership (personality of the US president (Trumpism), and crisis management and leadership); social factors (distrust, social injustice, social disconnection (disintegration)); factors relevant to government nature and capacity (inefficiency of bureaucracy (government administrative structure) and privatization), and policy factors (neoliberal policies and health policies). Knowledge from this research could change the view of the world scholars and practitioners toward paradigms and theoretical foundations of management and governance from USA or at least rethink them. Because, affecting factors on the failure of the United States in the successful dealing with COVID-19 is beyond United States' President and his administration failure and disability, and is entrenched in the United States inefficient and declining political and governance system.

More than a decade has passed since the introduction of resistance economics and policy-making in this field in our country. The question is, are the new concepts introduced in the Western world more advanced and superior than the existing concepts in the schools of Islamic economics? What are the differences and overlaps between the two perspectives of resistance economics and rotational economics? In order to answer the research question, the researcher has tried to extract components by studying the published researches of circular economics until 2021 by the meta-combined method, then by the content analysis method of the statements of the Supreme Leader (memory of God Almighty) In the form of components of resistance economics are extracted and finally, the correspondence between two rotational economies and resistance economics is studied. According to the research findings, 10 components in the system of resistance economics lack the corresponding concepts in the components of circular economics. These ten components are: economic hedging, endogenous growth based on production boom, business ecosystem, economic financing of intelligent financing, transition from single-product economy, branding of resistance economy, knowledge-based economy, Replacing imports with domestic production, and social capital. In addition, all the existing components (8 components) in the system of circular economics have corresponding concepts in resistance economics. These are the eight components of the case; Environmental protection laws include a sustainable Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, the three principles of a circular economy, sustainable management, sustainable governance, social values, industrial ecology, and sustainable development.

The design of the present study was a qualitative meta-combination and systematic review. The statistical population of the study consisted of all articles performed in the field of psychological operations with a total of 124 articles in Iran and abroad, of which 40 articles with criteria related to the purpose of the present study were selected as the research sample. The research tools consisted of reviewing library documents and reviewing Persian articles in the field of keyword psychological operations, and the method of data analysis was content review and coding. The results showed that the characteristics of war costs, change in the structure of war and change in attitudes toward war are the basic and causal factors of psychological operations, and the characteristics of emerging technologies, modern warfare structure, cognitive and societal characteristics of underlying factors, accessibility indicators To the new knowledge, the conditions and position of psychological operations and coordination and consensus in psychological operations, facilitators and cognitive, emotion-based, behavior-oriented tactics formed the characteristics of psychological operations strategies in this study. Ultimately, operations for the community itself, the enemy community, and the neutral community group include the consequences of psychological operations. The final results of the research show that it provides an integrated model of psychological operations that can help to understand the scope of psychological operations. Keyword: Psychological Operations, Cognitive Warfare, Meta-Combined Model, Systematic Review

So far, no single definition has been provided for the concept of mobilization of resources and facilities, especially in the field of national defense. The reason for this is the dispersion of definitions among different disciplines, especially in the field of management sciences and social sciences on the other hand. In the research literature, the concept of mobilizing resources and facilities includes everything from providing financial resources to providing human resources and raw materials, as well as creating relationships and social networks. So that there is no background factor, the necessity of resource mobilization action tools, and no specific strategy is proposed for it. Considering the many and at the same time scattered opinions on the concept of resource mobilization, in the present study, by adopting a hermeneutic approach, the existing texts were analyzed with a meta-composite strategy and the conceptualization of resource mobilization and facilities in the field of national defense was done. The results classified into 5 categories. This study has identified the previous factors for realizing the mobilization of resources and facilities in the field of national defense and determining the dimensions of resource mobilization, and on the other hand, it has identified the implementation strategies for the mobilization of resources and facilities in this area. In addition to this, the specific environmental context of the mobilization of resources and facilities and the indicators of the successful realization of the mobilization of resources and facilities in the field of national defense have also been identified.

The appropriateness of managerial skills of AJA managers in order to run and manage institutions and organizations can play a fundamental role in the success of organizations. The current research was done with the aim of identifying the competencies of AJA managers and providing a model to explain them. In this research, the "Sendelowski and Barroso" seven-step hybridization method was used Based on this, the research community is based on databases (Noor specialized journals (Noor Mags), the country's publications information bank (Magiran), Knowledge Reference (Civilica), Ganj base, and the Persian scientific search engine (Elmnet)) and domestic authoritative journals in this They formed a domain where 140 sources were found. Sampling was done based on meta-combination steps and 46 samples were selected based on pre-determined criteria. In order to analyze the data, open and axial coding was used, and in order to determine the reliability of the research data, the verification strategy of the research colleagues was used. During the process of analyzing and combining the findings, the competency model of AJA managers was formed by extracting 164 concepts, 28 categories and 8 dimensions (knowledge competence, value and moral competence, managerial competence, leadership competence, skill competence, behavioral competence, scholastic competence and insight competence).

The purpose of this research is to combine instant purchase in the Iranian retail industry with a focus on model extraction. The research method is survey. In this research, an attempt has been made to extract the components affecting the immediate purchase and use them to provide an exploratory model. It has been done in the country and 41 foreign researches were found to be suitable for use in this research from all dimensions. Findings from the study of hyper-combined steps were categorized into five groups of product-related factors, shopping environment-related factors, customer-related factors, social factors and demographic factors. It has been confirmed by business experts (from 393 variables affecting the immediate purchase extracted from internal and external studies) that in this regard, this study has a descriptive validity. In addition, the kappa coefficient was used by SPSS software to determine the reliability, which according to the number 0.694 at an acceptable level of significance, indicates the reliability of this study.

Military thought can be said to give insight to a person based on the fact that it is a human thing, in the shadow of which he can identify and analyze the defense and combat situation of the society, the forces, possibilities and time requirements, determine his position and role, knowing the defense and military thoughts not only It is considered necessary and vital for the military and defense forces of the society, but also for every person whose defense and combat are somehow related to his life. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the studies conducted in order to identify the dimensions of military thought knowledge. The present research method was qualitative and meta-composite. The research community includes all sources related to the knowledge of military thought, which were 35 sources during the years 2000 to 2020, which were selected based on the abstract. Then 27 sources were selected based on the content, and finally 19 sources were examined as completely related sources by thematic analysis method. The concepts extracted in the form of a questionnaire were presented to the sample population, which consisted of 12 professors of the Supreme National Defense University and were proficient in the knowledge of military thought, and the items were calculated and confirmed based on the Laoshe formula, cvr and cvi, and finally 9 main dimensions of knowledge Military thought was counted, which include: history of military events, military philosophy, military jurisprudence, military theories, military ideology, course of political developments, military thought of schools, military thought of religions, military thought of individuals.

In the past years, developing and implementing policies in the field of whistle-blowing with the aim of realizing public supervision have been pursued by developed countries, which have also provided them with considerable success in controlling administrative corruption. Taking advantage of this capacity and people's participation in dealing with administrative corruption has been favored by the officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran for several years. In this research, an attempt was made to identify the factors affecting the success of the whistle-blowing phenomenon with the meta-combination method and systematic study of 89 articles, including 74 ISI articles from 2000 to 2022 and 15 Persian articles found from internal sources. The final model obtained to recognize and understand the factors affecting the whistle-blowing phenomenon in Iran, in the form of five general categories of organizational factors, human factors, environmental factors, the nature of corruption and possible consequences, in order of importance based on the frequency of factors collected from the subject literature, is introduced. At the end, the factors promoting whistle-blowing in six main axes have been introduced for use in the process of public policy-making in the field of whistle-blowing and its successful implementation in Iran.

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the results and findings of research projects that have been conducted under the common title of "Problems of Progress and Security of the Province". These projects have been carried out in 11 provinces between 2018 and 2020. Methodologically, all these studies have used the method of in-depth interviews, interaction matrix and review of documents such as land management document of the province. Their analysis method has been based on the qualitative research strategy of structural analysis. In this article, the meta synthesis qualitative analysis method has been used to review the findings of this research. the result of this evaluation indicates that on average, each province had 74 main problems and each study identified 10 main problems as the most influential factors. A comparative look at these top 10 problems of the provinces shows that about 63% of the first problems of the provinces are common, and there is the problem of "inefficiency of the provincial management system" is a common challenge of more than 90% of the provinces, followed by corruption is the second major challenge.

The ultimate goal of health care organizations is to achieve productivity or the same efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to design a model of human resource productivity in the health sector.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and research method in this qualitative study And it is a kind of meta-study of the meta-combined type that has been used as a library method to collect data. The statistical population of this research in the meta-combined method is previous researches that have been searched between 1990 and 2019 from Science Direct, Emerald, University Jihad, Civilica. By reviewing 84 articles out of 8740 initial articles, 16 criteria and 145 sub-criteria Was identified as a factor affecting the productivity of human resources in the ice of health care in various domestic and foreign studies in the years 1990 to 2019. Based on these factors, the final model was presented and validated.

Factors affecting human resource productivity in the health sector based on available resources in the period 1990-2019, which include occupational factors, factors related to organizational support, managerial factors and cultural and social factors.

Attention to the identified factors, the necessity to pay attention to economic concepts and quality of services in the health sector in terms of the importance of the type of service and dealing with human health and life increase.