جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مدرنیته سیاسی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

the relationship between citizens and the state has long been a concern for thinkers in the fields of public law and political philosophy. These thinkers have sought mechanisms to regulate the relationship between society and government in a way that preserves citizens' rights while ensuring that the government can effectively manage society. In this context, Islamic thinkers in the modern era have always contemplated how to leverage Islamic intellectual and civilizational capacities to address the challenges of the modern world. This article focuses on the effects of the principle of presumption of innocence on the codification of citizens' rights in Iranian law. The main hypothesis is that the principle of presumption of innocence, as a foundational principle in Shia jurisprudence, possesses significant potential for application in public law and for regulating the relationship between citizens and the state, beyond its role in private law. Research findings indicate that citizens' relations and the rights stemming from them, which are among the main political issues in the modern era, can be regulated through legislative mechanisms, utilizing the principle of presumption of innocence and its legal implications. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, with data collected through library research.

The subject of this article is the basis of political power. In any society, political power is an established matter in its civil domain and undoubtedly needs a foundation. The main question of this research is what is the basis of political power in Imami jurisprudence and Imam Khomeini's political thought and what indicators and criteria does it have. At first, this research has studied and investigated the basis of political power. Then he followed this concept in the theoretical literature of Imami jurisprudence. Further, by examining the theoretical system of Imam Khomeini's political thought, he has shown what importance this basic and central concept had in his political discourse. Then, by making several indicators and criteria, he has compared and equated these two intellectual devices with each other. This research has reached the conclusions that political power in Imam Khomeini's thought has a dual and mixed basis, in which there are not only elements of divine sovereignty, but also elements of low-to-high power theories. On the other hand, this dual and combined basis has been able to respond to the requirements of the modern world while preserving tradition and adhering to the pillars of traditional jurisprudence. The research method is comparative and the data collection method is documentary and library.

As the most important legal text, the constitution determines the behavioral and institutional framework in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the other hand, one of the causes of the Islamic Revolution for the originators and the legislators is the issue of society and individuals’ independence and freedom in the face of the government. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the position of civil society and the rights of individuals from the political modernity point of view. To do so, the main research question is, “what is the position of the political modernity components in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. It is a descriptive-analytical study. The data has been collected by the library and documentation methods. The Islamic Revolution discourse has tried to establish the political order under the political Islam discourse, which implements the Islamic and religious teachings in society and somehow directs the society towards spiritual and divine development. It brings about otherworldly prosperity for the concept of citizenship. On the other hand, according to Maurice Barbier, political modernity is based on the structural separation of the government, civil society, and the individual. In other words, modernity, in its political aspect, is based on respecting each mentioned component. The findings indicate that the components of civil society and the rights of individuals have been emphasized in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The goal of this study is to analyze the introduction and expansion of factors of political modernity in the Qajari government era. Cultural exchange with the west led to a flourishing in the field of political modernity. Intellectuals knowing about such concepts were the first to indirectly mention these concepts. Intellectuals played the greatest role in this transition and in spreading political modernity factors in Iran. These included the necessity of having a parliament and bureaucracy, constitution, centralized government, civil society, legitimacy and Separation of religion from government. In the time of constitutional era, much effort was made to meet these demands and for the very first time such demands were asked for in the traditional system of tyranny in Iran. Due to political modernity, he design of these discussions and the development of these developments began during the Qajar government, especially Nasser al-Din Shah, but to put these demands into practice was time consuming and needed time to pass.

The concept of civil society is considered as one of the most important components of political development. In the literature of political sociology and political science, the objective and effective emergence of this concept is considered a sign of political development and, in the words of Maurice Barbier, political modernity. Maurice Barbier defines political modernity as the separation of society (civil society) from the state and the individual from the citizen, and with the characteristics that count for it, its occurrence in non-western societies, especially the countries of the Islamic world and Iran, is unlikely and far from The mind knows. Based on this narrative of Barbieh and by using the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information through documentary and library methods, the concept of civil society in Iran, especially in the historical stage of the seventh and eighth governments known as the reform government Was investigated. The main question of this article is: What position did the concept of "civil society" have in the plans and goals of the seventh and eighth governments? The conclusion of the article in response to the main question is as follows: civil society, as the most important indicator of political development, has had a central and decisive position in the plans and goals of the seventh and eighth governments. So that it can be said that basically the goal of political development in the 7th and 8th governments was the development of the civil society against the government and the sovereign as an independent and influential institution, and it caused the theoretical and practical emergence of this concept at the community level.

The present research tries to analyze the policy of the ninth and tenth government in the field of political rights of citizenship, with an emphasis on political modernity, by analytical-descriptive method and with emphasis on citizenship political rights. Accordingly, the main question of this research is that the policy making of the political rights of citizens of the ninth and tenth governments in the field of political modernity can be explained? Our assumption, in response to this question, is that the policies of the ninth and tenth governments are aimed at weakening the political rights of citizenship and the expansion of mass society. The results of the survey showed that in the ninth and tenths of the government, the weakening and limitation of the political rights of citizenship led to the collapse and disintegration of the distinctions and divisions of contemporary political modernity, which resulted from the expansion of government interference, the weakening of civil society and the emergence of a kind of authoritarianism, lack of accountability and transparency of the state and finally, the deepening of the features of the mass society has become more and more.