جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مشارکت جامع راهبردی" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

The relations between Iran and China have had ups and downs throughout history, which have never ended in complete enmity. The relations between the two countries have entered a new form in the past decade, which has led to "comprehensive strategic partnership" between them. With the introduction of a comprehensive strategic partnership and a 25-year contract between the two countries, political and economic convergence has been relatively improving. Comprehensive strategic partnership through Western sanctions and Iran's turning away from the West and Tehran's approach of looking to the East, intensifying the blockade of oil sales and reducing trade exchanges by sanctions, China's need to partner with Iran in order to complete the Belt and Road Project and supply energy and develop exports. , the counter-hegemony approach of Iran and China and the mental and historical commonality of the leaders from colonialism has brought economic and political convergence between Iran and China, which is the purpose of this article to investigate and analyze the cause of these convergences and capacities. The research method in this article is descriptive-explanatory.

The relationship between Tehran and Beijing is due to the geopolitical and economic situation and the requirements of the international system, which is tied to "national interests". The depth of relations between China and Iran after the revolution of Mao and the Islamic revolution has shared international identities that have a place in the historical understanding and mentality of the people of the two countries. Considering the regional and international situation and its requirements, as well as the conditions of the two countries, the two countries have tried to develop bilateral cooperation, which results in cooperation in the form of; The "comprehensive strategic partnership" manifested in the 25-year contract that can be in line with the policies of both sides to complete the Belt and Road.

In this article, we have used the theories of convergence, cognitive evolution and counter-hegemony. In fact, with Adler's theory of convergence and cognitive theory, we have believed in a kind of alignment between Iran and China, that their approach, in addition to seeking benefits, through knowledge, they try to "change" the international order, which includes a "counter-hegemony" nature. One of the reasons for looking to the east is by Iran, which has played an effective role in the form of comprehensive strategic partnership. On the other hand, China, considering its goals in the international system, which is opposing unilateralism, is one of the methods of this country, it is trying to enter into convergence and cooperation with different countries through partnerships and not "alliances" in such a way as to reduce tensions within the framework of the international system. Not be created and the framework of the countries in question should have a peaceful procedure.

The research method in this article is descriptive-explanatory, and the data of the article is of the library and internet type, which was done in the form of Taking notes.

First, he sees the comprehensive strategic partnership between Iran and China in several dimensions, for example, he does not consider Iran's need to sell oil as an important factor, and he does not consider China's alignment with Iran to be merely economic, and he emphasizes that the approach of the two countries can be used to counter hegemony. Second, he has considered the capacities of this partnership beyond the normal capacities of this type of China's partnerships with other countries. Third, in the article, we see a kind of holism and comprehensiveness of participation, which can be seen in many neglected aspects of the works in line with this scientific work. Fourth, the article is based on the idea that if Iran was able to curb the Western sanctions and did not face the West's bad promises, maybe the view of the East would not be so strong. Also, in the article, from a theoretical point of view, a kind of meta-theory has been used, and in a way, it is a dimension of the theory of format over method, format in theories of international relations, but has used a kind of conceptual model, and in other words, it is a theory of format over method and data. Which can be said: propositions are arranged based on analysis.  Iran currently has an urgent and fundamental need due to the discussion of sanctions against China and the sale of oil for the purpose of domestic and foreign financing, China also understands well both the position of Iran and the capacities that Iran has in the region.

Considering China's economic approach, as well as the anti-hegemonic approach and the approach of looking to the east of Iran, which was caused by ideological, economic and political blockade from the West, Iran and China have tried to have a growing trend in political and economic alignment with China, which initially It started through a comprehensive strategic partnership and led to a 25-year contract, and the two countries can have a new approach in the form of a comprehensive strategic partnership, taking into account the international conditions and requirements, as well as understanding the environment, considering the gaps of liberal power in global politics. Against the policies of the West and America in the region and the world. China has tried to become an active actor in the region, especially in West Asia, mostly through performance and movement within the current and structural frameworks and using international organizations, and Iran mostly with a philosophical character and outlook, and of course within its limits and according to its own requirements.

In humanities, especially within the field of international relations, the application of theory to the analysis of events or phenomena in foreign policy and the international system is widely recognized as a salient approach. The application of theories allows us to gain a more profound understanding of the actions and reactions of countries’ foreign policies in the international system. In this line, the present study aimed to develop a model to gain a better understanding of Iran–China relations. The research sought a clearer insight into Iran–China comprehensive strategic partnership by employing a set of theories at the levels of international system, foreign policy, and domestic scene of policy formulation and decision-making. At the level of international system, it is necessary to consider the convergence between Iran and China in the context of US-led Western hegemony and counter-hegemony. At the level of foreign policy, it is crucial to consider cognitive approaches in foreign policy analysis. At the domestic level, one must take into account Iran’s prevailing economic circumstances and its challenges stemming from the US- imposed sanctions, which have prompted the Look to the East policy. China also seeks to export the surplus of its production and advance the Chinese model through partnerships. Delving into these issues, the present article investigated both theoretical considerations as well as various dimensions of Iran–China relations in practice.

Literature Review:

Rekabian et al. (2021) assert that Iran and China have actively pursued closer cooperation in regional and international organizations as a countermeasure against Western interventions. Shafiei (2022) posits that China’s comprehensive strategic partnership with Iran is primarily motivated by its own strategic objectives, while Iran engages extensively with China out of its specific needs and requirements. Corneliussen (2020) suggests that the Iran–China agreement has the potential to reshape the strategic and geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East. Figueroa (2022) highlights that Western sanctions stand as the primary hurdle to the realization of the 25-Year Iran–China Agreement and the enhancement of economic ties between the two countries. Scita (2022) argues that Washington is actively attempting to manage the contradictions arising from these roles through continuous mediation efforts. According to Loft et al. (2022), China is actively pursuing control over critical technological and industrial sectors, essential infrastructure, strategic resources, and supply chains.

The present study used a descriptive method to offer an analysis of Iran–China partnership.

The approach taken by Iran and China in establishing their comprehensive strategic partnership can be seen as a form of convergence between the two countries. China, in particular, seeks to advance its own strategic goals through these partnerships. It is also important to recognize that there are shared identity constructs between Iran and China, which can be characterized as the power of ideas evolving within the realist framework in the international system. In addition, this partnership has emerged from a nuanced understanding and recognition of the geopolitical landscape, especially within the context of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is pursuing its first significant international partnership and agreement in the last century. Beyond addressing domestic needs and fulfilling economic, political, and military requirements, the Iran–China agreement is rooted in a strategic grasp of counter-hegemony as a pivotal factor in forging such agreements.

To gain a deeper insight into the Iran-China comprehensive strategic partnership, it is essential to explore various aspects and variables, ranging from domestic factors to the perceptions of their leaders, decision-makers, and policymakers, and to the dynamics of the international system. Comprehending and recognizing the positions held by the leaders of both nations within the international arena can facilitate the identification of national interests, commonalities, differences, and potential conflicts. Therefore, to enhance our understanding of the comprehensive strategic partnership between Iran and China requires an analysis of both domestic and foreign factors and variables. This approach offers valuable insights into the rationale and strategies that underlie the Iran-China partnership. The partnership is shaped not only by domestic and international circumstances but also by the perceptions of decision-makers and authorities in each country. Moreover, the resistance to a third party, such as the US, can exert a significant influence. All of these factors lead to a realist perspective in the international arena, which can contribute to more informed and effective decision-making processes for both countries involved in the comprehensive strategic partnership.