جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « capital » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

What is the relationship between social capital, which is referred to with concepts such as trust and cooperation between community members, and social development in rentier states? In the states that rely on the rent economy, where income is often obtained through an exclusive opportunity of dominating the income sources, the financial independence of the states from society shapes a kind of state and quasi-state economy. The result is that, due to the weakening of the society and its dependence on the decisions of the state and its corrupt bureaucracy, the mutual trust, transparency and competitive cooperation in the society is weakened. Hence, rent states feel no need to be accountable to society, weaken and destroy social capital as much as possible. The final result will be nothing but backwardness in social development indicators or unbalanced social development. The final consequence of this situation is that despite some quantitative indicators of social development, qualitative indicators remain deeply underdeveloped. This research will investigate the process of destruction of social capital in the states based on rent economy and its relationship with the development of social inequality or the formation of unbalanced social development with a descriptive and analytical method.

Initially, it was believed that signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) would bring a happy ending to one of the biggest challenges between Iran and the United States. However, with Trump's inauguration and his aggressive approach towards Iran, the JCPOA has not only failed to function as a tool to end the deep conflict between the two nations, but also became a victim of Trump's stance. There are many analyses as to what caused this behavior by Trump, but it seems that an understanding of the continuing relationships or spaces of the social structure, beyond material and immaterial analysis, can more appropriately and realistically explain his approach. Thus, the main question addressed herein is, “What factors caused the performance and construction of Trump's social world concerning the JCPOA? Assuming that the JCPOA will be reinstated in the Biden era, what scenarios await if Trump returns to power?” Based on descriptive and analytical methods, this study found that the idiosyncrasies of capital, character, and symbolic violence as three dimensions of Trump's decision-making field led to resistance to and, as a result, his withdrawal from the JCPOA. Due to their stability, the exit policies resulting from these dimensions will cause Trump to adopt the same behavior if he regains power in 2024, assuming the revival of the JCPOA during the Biden era.

Capital is one of the most important special effects in the field of trade, commercial companies, especially joint stock companies, which have a special place in business relations, and as a result of the development of companies, competition and efforts to make more profit become more intense day by day. Accordingly, one of the most important issues in relation to the capital of joint stock companies is the issue of capital increase. Because it is a kind of opening the doors to the capital market and creating mobility. In Iranian law, the need to increase capital is one of the things that requires a report from the board of directors, and the company's inspector or inspectors must also approve the report. In this case, it is the responsibility of the Extraordinary General Assembly to decide on this. Under US law, the decision to raise capital is within the authority of the board of directors, however, the company's articles of association can be formulated so that the decision to raise capital rests with the shareholders and the general assembly, although the basic premise is that only the board of directors Decides to raise capital. With the increase of capital and with the improvement of the liquidity situation and the increase of the financial capacity, it is possible to expand the activity of the company, in a way that makes the companies needless to borrow and receive loans and facilities from banks.

Today, life and pension insurance are very effective and widely used in the economic and social fields. In this type of insurance, individuals are able to save money by continuing to pay for their children's education, dowry, housing construction, and so on. Life insurance, due to its special features, can to a large extent ensure the peace and comfort of the present and future family. In this way, the available statistics show that the number of life insurance contracts is increasing today. Shiite jurists have accepted the life insurance contract as a legitimate and independent contract due to the generality of the reasons for the validity of the contracts and following the general rules of the contracts and being free from jurisprudential obstacles and not confining the contracts in certain and conventional forms, although they believe the insurance contract Omar can be concluded by entering into certain contracts and legal institutions, such as peace, exchange, Mudaraba and commitment in favor of a third party, etc. In life insurance, if the insured dies during the insurance period or is alive at the end of the insurance period, the insurer pays the capital and the only necessary condition is the validity of the insurance policy, which will depend on the payment of the premium at the due dates. Therefore, this type of insurance, in addition to having the characteristics and element of security, covers the economic problems of the survivors and also has the element of savings and capital formation, which is a very valuable element.

Abstractthe precondition for political development and social capital of every country goes to the effectiveness of government. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and social capital and political development and introducing the element manufacturer's confidence in achieving political development with a native look (Islamic Irani) in Iran. Current research in terms of research, e-applications development and research methodology; mixed (quantitative-qualitative), analytical instruments, navigation is taking notes. The population of citizens of the city with a sample size of 283 people is randomly. The results of the study is significant direct relationship between social capital and trust component and endemic political development approach.

Today, environmental policy-making is the main responsibility of governments in many countries. In Iran, environmental legislation began in the first years after the Constitutional Revolution. This exploratory study has been conducted with the aim of policy-making analysis and enumeration of the most important environmental issues in Iran. Laws in the field of environment were categorized into four historical periods and six statements based on information from interviews, publications, library documents, and organizations' websites. Then, according to the experts, the issues were verified and prioritized. The results show that "forest management and exploitation", "environmental protection and nationalization", "land reform", "construction jihad", "resource provision" and "risks" have been the most important environmental policy-making issues The highest agreement is reached on the third issue and the lowest agreement on the second issue. Prioritization of issues indicates the dominance of the capitalist view on environmental issues. The first step in resolving the issues is to eliminate contradictions and develop a comprehensive and connecting platform.

The constitution is considered as a reference law in every country and the root of all the domestic laws of that country, according to it, obstacles and views existing in each country and it’s domestic laws are spread and expanded. Given the importance of foreign investment in the growth and development of countries and the facilitation of free trade, developing countries seeking to attract foreign investment in terms of wealth creation and development and prosperity and avoidance of poverty for their people have made this issue a priority in their programs. The growing annual statistics of the world confirm the importance of foreign investment. The constitution of any country is the source of all the domestic laws of that country and the attitude of the constitution in each country is effective in attracting foreign investment. A comparative study of the constitution of Iran and Iraq as Islamic countries with energy resources in the field of foreign investment, positions and strengths and weaknesses in attracting foreign investment has been examined.

Economic development is one of the most important goals that countries pursue as their ultimate goal. One of the undeniable requirements of economic growth and development is investment, and the suffering of capital shortages, as an important factor of production, is a serious obstacle to the progress of countries, especially developing countries. Therefore, each country must provide the necessary conditions for proper investment - whether invested internally or by external absorption - to achieve sustainable and long-term economic growth and development. Considering the variety of investments and efforts to secure it, the author of the paper has based his purpose on the legal-judicial dimension and securing its investment. In this paper, the author has attempted to identify and classify the effective legal-judicial factors on investment security with a comprehensive and meticulous view, by studying the theoretical foundations and background of the research as well as analyzing upstream documents (such as Imam's guidelines). Revolution, the Laws and General Policies of the System), as the main purpose of this article. The main question of the research is "What is the indigenous model of securing investment security with emphasis on the legal-judicial dimension?" Identifying disruptive and affecting factors on investment security has been used to collect data from library, field and field data collection tools. The type of research is applied-developmental and the quantitative and qualitative approach and method used are survey. The scope of research is temporal (there is no limit to the research), location (Iran) and subject to the legal-judicial area and investment security. The research findings ultimately provide a native model of securing investment finance in a legal-judicial dimension that comprises 5 components: law enforcement, quality of law, judicial practice, regulatory oversight and legislative performance, design, and 15 indicators or benchmarks. A model or model has been presented to the authorities.

The basic hypothesis of this research is that the ideas, thoughts and attitudes as intellectual practices are all constructed. The main question is that which methodological patterns and prospects can better explain and elaborate how thoughts and views are constructed by intellects. It seems that French famous philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s relational or interactional methodological approach and pattern known as Genetic Structuralism can answer better and more completed to this question. Obviously using mentioned approach in analyzing how ideas are constructed by intellects is depended on assuming thoughts as practices of their owners.

Lack of capital is one of the main causes of many countries caught up in the vicious cycle of poverty and underdevelopment. In such a situation, governments can not properly remedy financial shortfalls in order to remedy the situation. Factors affecting the security of investment are diverse. In some cases, these factors are fundamental and rooted in the culture or political structure of the country, while others relate to the economic approach of governments, overseas agents, and the operations of economic agents. Regarding the mentioned problem, the researcher decided to identify and categorize the effective economic factors on investment security and by studying the theoretical foundations and research background, as well as analysis of upstream documents (such as the Imam's Revolution's Guidelines, the main laws and general policies of the system), in The main purpose of the paper is to address this issue. What is the main question of the research "What is securing investment security with an emphasis on the economic dimension?" The type of applied research is developmental and the quantitative and qualitative approach and the method used in this survey. The realm of spatial research (Iran) is in terms of economic and investment security. The findings of the research eventually provide a native model of security of investment investment in the form of an economic dimension that has 5 components including the desired components of the conventional economic system, economic support, the role of governance in the economy, economic monitoring, and the provision of economic inputs, and 21 indicators or items It is presented to the authorities through a model or model.

International political economy is a term that combines the major disciplines of the humanities, including politics, economics, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and comparative politics. The basic element of this dynamic and inherent knowledge is that it proceeds in a two-way interaction. Schools and theories are derived from these characteristics. In this article, we have tried to deal with the evolution of international political economy from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present and its impact on human society.

Taliban is subject of a current which happened in political and social geopolitics of Afghanistan in the last decade of the twentieth century, and their astonishing the aggressive, dogmatic, and dogmatic attitudes staggered the world. Taliban was apparently destroyed by US military intervention after it came to power in Afghanistan, but recently this current has returned to the political arena of Afghanistan and now it has again restored part of Afghanistan's territory. The research question is about why and how to reproduce the Taliban's power. Undoubtedly, this return will be accompanied with a wide range of negative regional and international consequences, which will doubled the necessity of doing the research. According to the hypothesis, the reproduction of the Taliban's power is influenced by both internal and external factors which led to the relationship between them and habit formation. The methodology of this research is of a qualitative and library type and Bourdieu's conceptual construction theory is used as a theoretical framework. Findings of the research also indicate that many Pashtun peoples' habituals, as the Taliban's intellectual and practical waterspire, are reproducing themselves, and since issues such as monopoly of political rule in the Pashtun folk, according to relationships, have become the commonplace of these people, therefore Reproduction of political structure and power is a reality.

Any industrial policy based on competitiveness requires the use of "competitive advantage" would be. Competitive advantage can be linked with foreign investment opportunities for transfer of skills, technology and capital to bring about. Iran's upstream sector of the oil industry has two main indicators "available resources" and "skilled labor". Effectiveness these indicates need for "investment", "knowledge" and "management". Using these five components will be need to "institutionalized legal rules". Rule of law can enhance the competitive advantage of Iran's oil industry and part of industrial policy based on competitiveness in the global trade arena. capital and information, transparency and accountability is achieved. "Theoretical framework approach based on" competitive advantage "Porter is set. Methodology The study is based on the description, explanation and Future Studies will be signs of competitive advantage. This article according to "analytical company level" based on "competitive field of industrial policy" is set.

In this paper, we seek to study the role of capital in the current global political economy and Iran by using the theoretical framework of Autonomism; what is said by the post-Marxist thinkers such as Antonio Negri, Michael Hart, Mario Trounti, Paulo Verno, and others about state, civil society, labor force, and capital. In the first case, there are three situations in which Gramsci expresses the relation between the state and the civil society. The autonomous view points to the unity of state and capital, the collapse of the civil society, and the appearance of all the realms of human life in the state, which is also the result of changes in the global political economic system since the 1970s, which ultimately could conquer all fields and the human life of capital since the 1970s. Development of capitalist relations in Iran, mainly after the end of the war, and since 1990 (1368), by implementing policies such as labor force commodification, various mechanisms for capital accumulation, as well as neoliberal structural adjustment policies (such as currency liberalization, privatization , removing barriers to WTO membership, targeting subsidies and removing subsidies, etc.) was pursued continuously by the Hashemi, Khatami and Ahmadinejad governments. In this regard, the implementation of these policies, whose ultimate goal is to accumulate more capital and to make all the realms of human life in pursuit of this goal, is seen as a kind of state between capital and capital which is intended by Autonomists.

Bourdieu's sociological theory is the one presented for explaining conflicts in different social, cultural, economical and political fields and so is suitable for explaining some dimensions of revolution event in society. For him, the social universe is the site of endless and pitiless competition, in and through which arise the differences that are the stuff and stake of social existence. Contention, not stasis, is the ubiquitous feature of collective life. concepts Piety and justice, Imam, Jurisprudence, imitation, pure Islam, commitment, jihad, sacrifice, the fight against injustice and evil, general and special Imamate etc were the most important components of the clergy's cultural capital that has had a high social standing in iran. In this essay, with the help of basic concepts of Bourdieu sociological theory I try to explain, to some extent, Iran's developments of the years between 1961-1979. Obviously, the used method in the article is Bourdieu's constructivism. Finally, it is concluded that – considering cultural nature of Islamic revolution- Bourdieu's theory that is one generally prefers cultural concepts such as cultural capital, habitus and correlation of different fields of social life, can help us propose a new interpretation of some reasons and causes of the revolution. So, how to transform cultural capital of the clergy into economic one and the bazaar support financially and organizationally from the revolutionaries can be explained. Based on this theory we can show conflicts between two rival kinds of the habitus (western versus Islamic-Iranian) in a transitional society and its impacts on nativism discourse in this period. Also, the symbolic violence concepts versus physical one can explain another the sovereign power weakness against his opponents that were enjoyed of more powerful symbolic reservoir for mobilizing the masses. Thus we can explain why the clergy could have an upper hand in mobilizing people and its ideology pulled over the intellectual modern-secular discourse.

That the Supreme Leader has put a name to each year in the early days of NouRuz, describes the country’s grand approach in that year. These namings have been used to realize Iran 1404 Outlook Document and other higher-level documents, which have taken on an economic function. So, it is incumbent upon everybody to make his best in meeting the objectives envisioned by/in such namings. As a body with an abundant potential for contributing to this domain,Basij plays a fundamental role in meeting the above. It is obvious that this contribution will not be possible unless efforts are made to identify the capabilities and plan for enabling whatever weaknesses they are suffering from. It is as a part of this process that the idea of enabling Basijis to play a more active role has been made. Using SPSS software 19 with t-test, the present research has set out toanalyze the 180 questionnaires that were sufficiently reliable and valid, and randomly distributed between Basijis of the city of Zanjan. An analysis of the results shows that the above-mentioned statistical community is plausibly acceptable, but is open to some weaknesses in terms of cognitive capability where it should be focused by authorities in order to make Basijis play a more robust role in realizing the economical objectives.

We need Sociology Theories, For that Understand of Sociology and Politic Problems. French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theory Practice and Symbolic Power are our best resource; for Understanding Social and Political Fields. This Article Reviews the Language and Symbolic Power; indicating its Function in social and Political Fields.

The article is the abstract of the book "The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else" written by Hernando de Soto. This book fills the present gap in economic and legal literature about the meaning of ownership, and its role and importance in industrial development and in the developing societies. One of the main points of this article, is a very interesting comparison of the trend of development in the developing countries, with that of the countries in the West during the past 300 years