جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "citizen" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

This research is a qualitative research that was done with a descriptive method. The purpose of this research was to answer the question, what kind of culture is the political culture of the West? The result of which was as follows; The word culture in the meaning that is used today is the result of a historical transformation; Because until the 18th century in the West, culture was used to mean cultivating, protecting and worshiping. But from this century onwards, culture finds its modern meaning; It means the way of life. But with the formation of modern and quasi-modern governments and the democratization of societies, a new form of culture is created, which is called political culture; Because the modern government needed people's participation in various social and political fields to confirm itself. In one definition, political culture can be people's orientation towards political affairs. But with the formation of modern and quasi-modern governments and the democratization of societies, a new form of culture is created, which is called political culture; Because the modern government needed people's participation in various social and political fields to confirm itself. In one definition, political culture can be people's orientation towards political affairs. In general, there are three types of citizens and three types of political culture in Western societies; First. isolated citizen with limited or closed political culture; In this type of political culture, people's orientation towards political goals is extremely weak. Second. indifferent citizen with subservient or passive political culture; In this type of political culture, people cannot have much political efficiency. Third. A committed citizen with a participatory or active political culture: In this type of political culture, people are relatively involved in the development of laws. However, according to the research, there is a significant relationship between the type of society and the type of political culture in the West. In other words, the more cooperative and submissive the society is, the more civil the political culture of that society will be. This is like citizens influencing the political structure and being affected by this structure. Also, there is a significant relationship between the type of citizen and political culture in the West; Because the more competitive the political culture is, the more committed the type of citizen will be; And the more isolated the type of citizen, the more limited the political culture will be.

Digital citizen is a new conception which it redefines the citizen concept in a new world, and questions the citizen's role and relationship with other phenomena of the new world. The survey of this conception is to identify the relationship of digital citizen and it's potentialities and non-potentialities with digital state in current world by suggesting some case studies (such as Coronavirus crisis, genetics, digital city and artificial intelligence), in which, the ways of digital citizen living through digital network of political power will be identified. Thereby, this writing hypothesizes that a new and reciprocal process between digital citizen and state is streaming on, in a way, that state predominantly controls the process. In other word, since the digital state perceives the citizen as a production for state's living, therefore, it tries to convince or coerces digital citizen to follow the existing political network. This research, conducted by library method, through an interactive logic for analyzing the data and in view of historical sociology, has concluded that the relationship of the digital citizen with state involves an evolutionary way, through which, the digital citizen is convinced and complied with the new state in the new era.

One of the important issues in religious governance is the issue of obliging citizens to observe religious law by the Islamic State. As a result, there are many different perspectives on this issue. Among them is a view that considers the obligation of citizens to religious law to be the duty of the Islamic State. This view, just as it considers the Islamic government responsible for the welfare of the citizens, and its duty to ensure the welfare of the citizens, also considers the Islamic government responsible for the religious law of the citizens, and considers its efforts to implement the religious law in society in the best possible way. In order to prove that the Islamic government is responsible for the religious law of the citizens, many arguments have been presented, among which, citing the arguments of the necessity of enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil. In this article, based on Shiite epistemological sources, this citation, and the drawbacks proposed about it, have been examined, and according to the evidence of the command to the good and the prohibition of the bad, the scope of the Islamic government's intervention in obliging citizens to religious law has been explained. Is.

Citizenship rights are one of the factors of sustainable development and cause constructive interaction and strengthen cultural, social and legal convergences, and on the other hand, its education is the responsibility of the government and the country's educational system. The present study examines the performance of the education institution in teaching civil rights and the strategy for promoting civil rights education in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was formed using the content analysis approach. Library resources and electronic resources have been used in collecting research data. The analysis of studies conducted in the field of civil rights education in Iranian educational institutions showed that the basis of civil rights education is based on a centralized approach and emphasis on familiarity with theoretical principles of civil rights. Based; And the strategy of civil rights education based on the construction approach based on the interaction and relationship between structure and agent can lead to the development of socialization, rule of law and the promotion of civil rights education in Iran.

The socio-political structures of villages in Iran have transformed. The scope and depth of these Transformations are such that the current socio-political environment of the villages is different from the past. This issue makes it necessary to conduct new research about the rural society of Iran. Considering that most of these transformations occurred after the Islamic revolution, we raise our question as follows: This research seeks to answer the question, what transformations did the village in Iran go through after the revolution? This study deals with the why and how of these transformations and their consequences by benefiting from the approach of historical sociology and the use of library data and observation. The result of the research shows changes such as transformation in social structure, transformation in stratification in villages, transformation in rural lifestyle, increase in the level of literacy and its consequences, transformation in communication and mediazation of villages, transformation in land ownership in villages, moving towards a semi-commercial economy, change in social hierarchies, change from passive participation to independent and demanding political participation, increasing role of kinship loyalties in local political participation, predominance of religious and linguistic affiliations in the voting behavior of villagers, spread of citizenship system to villages.

Citizenship, and citizenship rights are new concepts that have paid special attention to equality, and justice, and have special role in different political, social, and legal theories. These rights are based on three principles of civil, political, and social rights, and are considered as main human rights' pillars. Citizenship rights are achieved in democratic states with three factor of membership, rights, and cooperation. A close, and mixed relation between a civic society, and citizenship is seen while studying the citizenship rights. It seems that the civic society is the precondition, and an enforcement factor for exercising of citizenship rights. In other words, if citizens play a better role in their citizenship in relation to power and politics through active and effective participation through civic institutions, they can be very effective in reforming and improving political affairs and strengthening the democratic foundations of the political system. This papers in a descriptive-analytical manner seeks to study the role, and position of the civic society in the citizenship rights beside of studying its concepts, and bases.

Spatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that the right to city has never been balanced in all cities (with any area and population) and in any region or part of a city. Different people living in various cities or city parts experience different situations. Thus, the present study looks for spatial differences of realization of right to participation and assigning the city to self in light of the notion of right to city in Hachirood which is a small town comprised of 10 neighborhoods in order to determine the extent to which these concepts are realized. The present study is applied and in terms of nature it is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is based on both library and field methods. The instruments of data collection were a researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.911) and interviews with citizens of Hachirood. Population of the study consists of all citizens (n= 10398) and the sample included 370 individuals in accordance with Cochran’s formula. Analysis of the data was conducted by using SPSS and binomial test. Also, for drawing the maps, Arc GIS software was utilized. Results show that central, southern and eastern neighborhoods of Hachirood enjoy better conditions in comparison with other neighborhoods because of more convenient accessibility to administrative centers, public and service spaces, higher variety of service centers, better roads and closeness to public transportation system.

In the new millennium, the issue of social security has been considered as one of the pillars of national security, especially in developing countries such as Iran. The author of the present study emphasizes the assumption that national security, contrary to the traditional realistic view, does not simply mean military security at the external level, and its internal level in providing security can be as important as its external level because the study of developing countries shows It is that the greatest threat to the national security of these countries is due to internal issues, including their social and political issues, and insecurity and internal social threats are almost a common topic in the security studies of these countries. The present article tries to re-examine this issue by using the knowledge of futurology in a descriptive-analytical manner with the aim of identifying the issues and challenges of social security in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This article seeks to answer the question: what is the relationship of a community of citizens with a healthy political system and to what extent does IR has been successed in giving an ideal model of this relation during its fourth decade of life? Regarding the hypothesis, it can be said that in the political system originated from the heart of the revolution, active and motivated citizens, in a healthy and joyful society, can play an active role in the establishment, development, consolidation and continuation of IR. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to understand the achievements of the IR in explaining and reproducing the healthy and vibrant relationship between the citizenship and sovereignty as well as understanding the aspects of a healthy society and its relation to the political system that regardless of such a comprehensive understanding be achieved.

The councils are one of the fundamental issues and the most radical management methods that guarantee democracy and the participation of all citizens. The focus of power in the central sovereignty and the lack of attention to local management as well as the lack of proper regulation of the power structure in state apparatuses, especially in the field of urban management, should be considered as the most important cause of urban problems and social development. Its weaknesses and deficiencies in various phenomena It will emerge. With regard to the fact that councils are the interface between civil society and government and can play an effective role in the development process, the results show that the role of city councils in the political development of the country is not very efficient, There is no decent development in all areas, and the councils do not have much to do with political development. A structural structural reform can be used to solve existing problems and to develop political and optimal urban and regional management. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to examine the effect of Islamic councils in the process of political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In connection with human dignity and rights of women, Kant and Mill retain a same viewpoint, i.e., they appretiate that women own intrinsically human values. They also reject instrumental usage of women, but in relation to women’s social and political rights, their ways are separated: Kant considers women as man’s property and passive citizens. He denies the social and political rights of women. Conversely, Mill defends women’s social and political rights on the bases of liberty and equality. So, Kant’s standpoints on human dignity of women on the one hand, and their social and political rights on the other, suffer from contradiction, while Mill’s thoughts are consistence in this context. One can understand the essence of difference between these two philosopher’s notions by using hermeneutic method (text and context). The controversy on women’s rights mainly emerges from effects of historical developments particularly economic, social and political affairs, within Kant’s and Mill’s thoughts.

This paper focuses on the reasons which prevent formulation of a charter of citizenship rights in order to answer this question: “What obstacles and problems are facing the government for the formulation of a citizenship rights charter and getting it passed by concerned institutions?” To answer that question the “execution analysis” approach to public policymaking process has been adopted. The paper first explains the concepts of citizenship and citizenship rights in the Iranian laws، including the Fourth Economic Development Plan Law، before expounding various factors which have prevented the implementation of Article 100 of that law. These factors include absence of effective supervision over the implementation of the Fourth Economic Development Plan Law (esp. articles 100 and 130)، absence of consensus on the main topics of the charter، and invalidity of the fundaments and goals of citizenship rights.

The utopia being considered as a significant issue in the political thought is of various functions. Molla Sadra takes advantage of utopia to criticize the present political status and present the alternative pattern. In the utopia of Molla Sadra, the citizen and regulation are of great importance so that the society can not be fulfilled without any of them; however the most significant of them is the executive system. In view of Molla Sadra, the utopia is the one in which the prophet, Imam or jurisprudent is considered the ruler. In this ideal city, besides the benefits and the other properties existent, the external and internal facets of world get a kind of concordance. On account of Living in this very society, the human is set in a path determined by the creation and his happiness will be authenticated.

Prior to the analysis of political culture in view of Holy Quran, it should be designed a pattern of analysis. In this regard, three indexes of each political-insightful, emotional and value-based culture have been identified. Afterward, it has been considered these three indexes for the two groups of rulers and followers. Next, the general political system, the political decisions, and the citizens in society have been considered for the political culture. Finally, the positive and negative dimensions of political culture of each case have been separated from one another and the combination of these factors has provided the pattern of analysis.After the extraction of the related verses in the political culture analysis in view of Holy Qur’an, three phases have been overtaken: initially, the favorable and unfavorable patterns have been introduced. In this regard, it has been discussed the favorability of government through the specific conditions extracted out of verses and its naturally corruption making on the basis of numerous verses.In the second phase, the favorable and unfavorable political culture of rulers has been exemplified. responsiveness, kindliness, proximity to the wise people, accepting consult, being bound to contracts are the elements of favorable political culture whereas harshness, proximity to flatterers, underestimating people, expecting adoration of them, exclusionism, and the violation of contract are the elements of unfavorable political culture.In the third phase, it has been noted to the followers’ favorable and unfavorable political culture. Reciprocal communal guardianship, obedience according to the book, and the tradition along with collective aware cooperation are the indexes of favorable political culture while obeying blasphemous people, two-faced people, liars, people of oath, risers, and leaders of tribes are the elements of unfavorable political culture.

The subjects such as identity and national identity consider as important subjects of humanity science, social science and sociology, in most countries in the world. These subjects are most important in the contries like Iran, with a long history, a deep culture, and a several thousand civilization. Especially, during the last two decades, the interest of Iranian researchers became more to writing about identity and national identity, because of currency of subjects such as globalization and regional and international rapid changes, as a consequence these matters as current universal processes, effect on national identity of countries and have changed it a lot. One of the important consequences of these processes is the need of rethinking and reconstruction of national identity. Because of the importance of this issue, this article focuses on reviewing one of the most recent and typical books which has been written by one of the fomous researcher and writer who writes about identity and national identity.The book of “The Basics of National Identity of Iran, Theoric structure of Citizen-Oriented National Identity” that has been written by Dr. Hamid Ahmadi, after criticizing of different traditional and modern approaches and viewpoints to national identity of Iran, is introduced the approach of “historical sociology”, and is proposed the reconstruction of identity discourse of people-citizen-oriented. This research that consists of three sections and eleven chapters, consider as a valuable and systematic book about national identity of Iran. In spite of the critiques about this research, which come in this article, we cannot ignore or deny many positive points and different prominences of this book. We must say that this research is very admirable because using of many capacities of culture and civilization of Iran for creating a new theory about identity, with considering national interests, and in this regard the author is very professional.