جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « international sanctions » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The United States has used sanctions to influence the development of the oil industry. The present dissertation, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and the theoretical framework of Margaret Doxy sanctions, has sought to answer the question of what effect the imposition of sanctions has had on the development of Iran's oil industry and this sanction how much is set with Margaret Doxy sanctions theorical framwork? The findings of this study indicate that the sanctions imposed in the field of oil against Iran are consistent with the theory of sanctions of Margaret Doxy in general and sanctions on the Iranian oil industry in particular from a practical point of view and are of the type of modern sanctions and classification of sanctions. Presented by Doxy are appropriate and aimed at controlling Iran's behavior in the field of role-playing in the international community in various political, economic, psychological and ideological dimensions, and despite the expectations of sanctions on the impact of sanctions on economic indicators, reduced revenue. And the activities of international companies in the oil industry, sanctions because of the structural problems of the sanctioning countries, such as the deep political divide between the sanctioning countries, and the existence of veto power and the protection of some countries from compulsory sanctions as well as policies adopted by Sanctioning countries and changing foreign trade orientations have not benefited from the necessary international participation, and this has led to the ineffectiveness of sanctions in practical and executive terms. Also, results of the study have shown that the optimal development model of the oil industry in order to optimally deal with international sanctions is the integrated implementation of the development model based on the exploitation and productivity of fields and reservoirs and the development model based on technology.

The country's aviation industry has faced various sanctions since 1979, and the scope of these sanctions has been increasing since 2007. JCPOA and Resolution 2231 also failed to have a significant impact on resolving the destructive effects of sanctions on Iran's aviation industry. In this way, these sanctions have even affected the supply of parts and technical services required for aircraft. Sanctions directly target the purchase of aircraft that have more than 10% of American technology; Russian aircraft and all purchases. And such sales must be made directly with the permission of the US Treasury Department, otherwise the intermediary company will be subject to US secondary sanctions.

Based on the scientific principles of planning and strategic studies, designing broad headings of issues facing governments is not only not helpful, but may also lead to confusion in decision-making and the loss of the country's scarce resources in allocation and action. In this research, using the opinions of different experts and using MICMAC software and measuring the interaction of these issues with each other, an attempt has been made to prioritize the issues from the perspective of a specific position of influence and influence and a way for decision makers to prioritize and make decisions. The findings of this study show that the three issues of "Iran's foreign policy incompatibility with the international system", "nuclear case" and "Iran-US relations" are the most important issues that play a significant role in shaping and intensifying other issues. They affect Iran's national security

Media as a tool to securitize the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the US Congressional Documents.After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, the United States did its utmost to undermine the Islamic-revolutionary identity of the Islamic Republic. The most important US action is to securitize Iran on the world scene. In this process, the United States, as a security actor, has used the media as a functional and facilitating actor to persuade public opinion, consensus among official actors, and take action against Iran. The question is, how has the United States used media tools to secure Iran? The hypothesis is that the United States has facilitated the process of securitizing Iran by enacting policies for the media and their financial support. In the first decade of the revolution, persuading American and world public opinion was on the agenda. In the second decade, this tool was used to persuade public opinion to reach a consensus against Iran. In the third decade, a consensus was formed to act and change the beliefs and attitudes of the Iranian people with the aim of bringing them together to change the system and impose international sanctions on Iran. In the fourth decade, media tools were used to consolidate and strengthen the security process in persuasion, consensus and action. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, the United States did its utmost to undermine the Islamic-revolutionary identity of the Islamic Republic. The most important US action is to securitize Iran on the world scene. In this process, the United States, as a security actor, has used the media as a functional and facilitating actor to persuade public opinion, consensus among official actors, and take action against Iran. The question is, how has the United States used media tools to secure Iran? The hypothesis is that the United States has facilitated the process of securitizing Iran by enacting policies for the media and their financial support. In the first decade of the revolution, persuading American and world public opinion was on the agenda. In the second decade, this tool was used to persuade public opinion to reach a consensus against Iran. In the third decade, a consensus was formed to act and change the beliefs and attitudes of the Iranian people with the aim of bringing them together to change the system and impose international sanctions on Iran. In the fourth decade, media tools were used to consolidate and strengthen the security process in persuasion, consensus and action.

Economic sanctions are a tool for achieving political goals and objectives, and one of the factors affecting the economic and political relations of the countries. The purpose of this study is to find an appropriate answer to the question of how the US economic sanctions can affect the economic, political and international relations of the resistance axis? In response to the main question of this research, by using existing library and internet resources, the impact of JCPOA on the strategic position of Iran and the axis of resistance and the United States withdrawal from JCPOA will be examined in two line strengths-weaknesses and threats-opportunities. The research findings indicate that sanctions are imposed by countries that have a hegemonic stability in the structure of the international system. The signs in the diplomatic behavior of countries with hegemonic stability indicate that sanction can have most effective results in pursuing foreign policy. Such a signs can be seen in the foreign policy behavior of hegemonic countries, such as the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asian region and the resistance axis.

Economic and oil sanctions against the I.R.Iran have played an important role in the stagnation of Iran's oil industry in the last 10 years, especially after the sanctions were intensified in July 2012. Iran's ability to produce oil declined and its oil exports were decreased by 50 percent over this period. But, many analysts believe that the sanctions were not the only factor that affected Iran's petroleum industry and the problem of mismanagement among high-level executives and high-level managers in oil industry has played an important role in its growing stagnation. Some other experts emphasize the role of fluctuations in the world oil market. However, there is no accurate figures about the effects of each factors because of the existence of several variables but, this article by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, explore the weight of each effective factor. The calculations based on this method show that from 2004 to 2014 mismanagement in oil industry was responsible up to 35/5 percent, mismanagement in high-level executives was responsible up to 33/5 percent and the economic sanctions responsible only up to 31 percent in the stagnation of Iran's oil industry. Based on the statistical data resulting from this research, we can study influential factors on oil industry development with a new attitude and put emphasis on the neccessity of removing existing obstacles and implementing institutional and structrual reforms to achieve the goal of oil industry development and eventually, sustainable development on the basis of developing comprenensive economic institutions.

The relations between Iran and Russia have existed from long time back in several sphere and most of the time Russia had the upper hand. The occurrence of Islamic revolution in Iran changed the pattern of our foreign relations. Iran and Russia continued their relations thereafter despite mutual suspicions about each other with ups and downs. The question of Ukraine in recent years has dramatically affected the relations between Russia and West and has led to tension between Russia and the West headed by the United States and European Union. In this direction last year several economic sanctions were imposed on Russian Federation. This forced Russia to substitute the Western partners with Eastern countries. This question apparently brought Russia closer to Iran. The present article wants to answer this question that what has been the impact of sanctions imposed on Russian Federation on relations with Islamic Republic of Iran. The underlying hypothesis is that the sanctions imposed by Western countries forced Russia to improve her politico-economic relations with Iran and has led to closer relations between the two. The present paper has examined the relations of Iran and Russia by a descriptive-analytical method.

This research is in connection with a PhD dissertation in the field of Communication Sciences titled “Development and Regulation of Features of a Structural Media Model for the Period of Sanctions”. In order to conduct this research, ten professors in various fields of Economics, Communication and Journalism have been interviewed. Media executives and professors of economics and communications have been selected through snowball sampling. In this study, to analyze the data obtained from the interviews, the technique is used to analyze the R factor analysis. From these interviews, a questionnaire with 38 items is determined directly in the interviews mentioned. The weight of the model obtained from the questionnaires to 121 activists, media, newspapers and news agencies managing directors, editors and journalists have responded. Generally, the media obtained on six areas: participation and the National Trust, the new social movements, the media, and conducting public diplomacy, transparency and integrity of information, indirect dissemination of information, free access to information based on the weight of each sector and different value. The weight of the media and conducting public diplomacy and the lowest weight and indirect emissions related information.