جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "perpetual peace" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

Kant's idea of perpetual peace has long been the subject of much intellectual controversy; His realist critics, with the argument that the field of international politics is a place of power and anarchy, have come out against him and considered his idea as idealism. On the other hand, the idealists welcomed his idea and considered it as a goal that "must" be there, even though it is not currently there. The basic problem in Kant's idea is the relationship between domestic politics and international politics, which he himself tried to explain in a theoretical framework. In this article, the question has been raised that in the idea of perpetual peace, Kant has established a relationship between domestic politics and international politics? And what reactions have been encountered in the later theories of international relations? And which theories or schools have tried to use the idea of perpetual peace to establish a new relationship between domestic politics and international politics? The answer of this article to these questions is that Kant firmly believed that there is no possibility of perpetual peace without the relationship between domestic politics and international politics, and among the later theories, the critical theory of international relations and the approach of international society. By returning to Kant's idea, the international community has tried to use the theoretical possibilities of his thought to reconstruct this relationship. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical with a philosophical approach.

Regarding that the spatial planning is the states’ most important mechanism to manage the space, this phenomenon is one of the states’ tool to create peace. The current research is intended to find answer to these questions using future studies methods what are the most important future wheels and also the possible scenarios in establishment of perpetual peace in Iran? And what strategies can be codified to establish perpetual peace in Iran with spatial planning approach? The research findings shows that spatial planning can be effective in establishment of peaceful life situation in Iran using the main 12-factors. If scenarios 3 and 5 which are the most possible scenarios are happened, Iran will be faced with more social injustice, environmental challenges and economic crisis threatening perpetual peace. So, regarding the most possible scenarios some strategies are suggested with emphasis on key divers of peace establishment with spatial planning approach.

Hans Kelsen, the theorist and founder of the Vienna School who is well-known as “Einstein of Law”, is a notable lawyer who has a distinctive and exceptional character, and his views have been really effective on the process of developing international law debates. As a realist positivist, he has presented the pure theory of law and Monism which have been referred by other international lawyers for many years. One of the novel issues addressed by him is “the theory of international peace through law” and some parts of which have been affected by Immanuel Kant’s “Perpetual Peace”; but has been harmonized by means of some novelties in a specific form, with other theories of this Austrian-American scholar. It Is the author's opinion that Kelsen's internationalism and pacifism brought about an Important turning-point In the theory of international law and anticipated by 50 years many of the issues that the international community are today discussing: in particular, individuals as subjects of international law (and not only states) and the use of international criminal tribunals for the punishment of those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity. The author argues that there is some doubt whether Kelsen's theoretical and political goals. Finally, analysis and reviewing these theories clarify his providence and leadership in the international law debates.