جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « postmodern » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Neo-Salafis and jihadist extremists in the Middle East have always caused damage to Islamic countries and religion in various ways by adhering to loosely based but violent interpretations of religion. Their terrorist actions are still going on while they gain strength and influence by using propaganda methods. One of the ways to weaken and eliminate this crisis center in the region is to know the ways, tools and propaganda techniques of these groups and to deal with it. Based on this, the current research is focused on this issue and the main research question is, what techniques do these groups use to attract their audience and what is the effect of the movies on the audience? In order to investigate this issue and answer the question, The article has selected and analyzed a number of the most famous and most visited propaganda films of the terrorist group ISIS during the peak of its activity, using analytical and descriptive methods. Finally, the research findings show that this group, in the production of its advertising films, uses the tools, methods and techniques of modern filmmaking in the world, as well as the elements and techniques of the postmodern approach in cinema and communication, especially its creativity in making action scenes, extraordinary images of killings and mechanisms. Psychologists have continuously used them in the direction of their goals. These films have helped the ISIS to create fear and recruitment by increasing the audience and incorporating various techniques known in the field of postmodern marketing.

Postmodernism is a way to recognize that our current world is in the era of purgatory and this purgatory shows us the transition from one stage to another. Postmodernism does not accept modern universal claims about science, equality, freedom, and considers human rights to be a myth just like science, and on the other hand, it supports differences and pluralism in human society and seeks to bring Everything that is considered marginal in the modern order is related to the context of society and rights, and they question the generality and essence of the norms that seek to establish a fundamental and inclusive order at the level of society. In this regard, the postmodern theory in the field of law, in line with the school of critical legal studies, by challenging the universal rational basis for law, considers it to be a cover of fake legitimacy on the body of law and the legal system. According to the research, the post-modern feedback of law changes includes changes in law foundations and weakening them and the retreat of personalism. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to investigate the postmodern feedback of law changes.

In recent years ,There are various  discussions around of being substitute postmodernism viewpoint as type of  thinking and cultural-social view to human’s problems and beliefs to modernism viewpoint in different subjects is common. So that, field of education in generally and curriculum in specially shape engage in flow. According to, present study has done to examine characteristics of postmodern philosophical foundations in curriculum and critique of this foundations based on philosophical foundations of Islamic education. Method of this research is” documental-analytical” Results of this study has showed that philosophical foundations of postmodern curriculum placed in ontological principals upon unbelief to metaphysics; anthropology principals upon shaping of human's essenes via social, historical and cultural relations; epistemological principals upon rejection of wisdom, oracle, temperament and master of linguistic as center of conscious; axiology principals upon center of person and was relative of cosmological principals; aesthetic principals upon subjective criteria of aesthetic and escape of surface understanding and contemplation in essence of experimental aesthetic. In opposition to philosophy foundations of postmodern curriculum, philosophy foundations of Islamic education placed in ontological principals upon beliefs to metaphysic; anthropological principals upon shaping of human essences based on oracle; epistemological principals upon human ability to reach wisdom; axiological principals emphasis on Quran, Islamic foundations, and absolute and changeable values; aesthetic principals emphasis on person’s inherent interest to aesthetic and objective and subjective criteria of beauty. In sum, critique of philosophy foundations of postmodern curriculum based on philosophical foundations of Islamic education, revealed that elimination of metanarrative, cosmological foundations, wisdom, temperament, oracle, and decentralize of human [principals that are part of identity constructer of Islamic education’s philosophy] in postmodern philosophy,have done to access of constructer that spread ideas such as pluralism, relativism, nihilism, and etc.

The formation of society structures according to the structuralist view is created by the action between members of society and the production of similar signs in a system of signs. In relation to each other, these actions arrive at an "interactive order" from which the patterns, structures, and institutions of society emerge. Therefore, the process of community development takes place through these structures and institutions. Therefore, it is important to study the shift of the traditional and social structure of a society and its impact on development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the social structure of Iran. The main question of the research is what effect the shift from traditional to postmodern structure has on the process of political development and the approach of international relations in Iran. The research hypothesis is that the change in social structure leads to the formation of structures and institutions of Iranian society that the concept of development emphasizes pluralism and human development rather than unity and economic development. Using a descriptive-analytical method and an integrated approach, as well as compiling a library, this study concludes that the change in the traditional structure that prevailed in the early Islamic Revolution and mainly in the form of specific roles of individuals and family system. He acknowledged that he portrayed the development of society as traditional and organic growth through the action of the postmodern structure, which takes place mainly in virtual human beings and in multiple and contrasting roles.

The main function of public law is to explain how to apply the concept of authority and determine its relationship with other concepts, including fundamental rights and freedoms. Therefore, how it is used in society is very important and therefore it is closely related to concepts such as acceptability and legitimacy. The best manifestation of authority is the exercise of sovereignty to guarantee their rights, which is somehow related to the characteristics of management and leadership of the political community. This leadership has revealed various faces of authority over time. In other words, the meaning of authority has undergone a conceptual change in different historical periods, i.e. the medieval, modern and postmodern periods. In the medieval period, authority meant the tyranny and absolute power of the king. The result of the reflections on the retrieval of the concept of absolute power by legal thinkers was the presentation of a new reading of sovereignty under the title of conditional sovereignty. In this new concept of sovereignty, any total and centralized individual authority was denied, and instead, the sovereignty of the people (people sovereignty) and their representatives (national sovereignty) were introduced in the form of law (rule of law). This development itself has been so effective that the historical course of sovereignty from the medieval period to the postmodern era goes back to the perception of public authority and its legitimacy. Today, with the emergence of the idea of globalization and Post-Regulatory State that have led to the expansion of social relations and communications at the national and transnational levels, various political, economic, cultural and social powers have emerged, some of which are outside the scope of state power and have emerged as spontaneous, popular and non-governmental powers in society.

With regard to the difference between the concept of appropriate progress with epistemological and philosophical principles, Iranian various mental lines of thought have sought to formulate the problem. On this basis, the paper, relying on Foucaultian, Hegelian and, finally, native views, has studied the formalization of the concept of progress in Hegelian, postmodern and Islamic-Iranian approaches and has tried to answer the question: what relation may be found between Hegelian and postmodern view and Islamic-Iranian model of progress? Hegelian views in Iran have considered the category of progress as a line and the only fixed model as getting experience from the West. While, postmodern views have considered it not being as a line. As viewed in the paper, Islamic-Iranian model of progress, in spite of an attempt made by some to connect it to the postmodern one, is not of such a connection and presents another approach with different ontology, anthropology and epistemology

If modernity with the allegations because it Shnakhtbvdn phenomena, humanism, Ryazyvar look at the world and introduced the identification, postmodernity in the relativity of knowledge, meaning and pluralism crisis can be identified and contemplated. In this article, the claim (Thesis) examined the fact was that postmodernism is a defining fixed and determined not to because of the nature of Bnfknanh postmodernity is concerned, perhaps with a little carelessness can say that Nietzsche and Heidegger, one of the few people who somehow have managed to understand Jamalatrafy of postmodernity are correct. In this article, it was tried to introduce a varied and diverse definitions of postmodernism and a brief review of the ideas of Nietzsche and Heidegger, the lead and the nature of postmodern thought is more evident and obvious. using the methodology of critical hermeneutics Habermas fabric can be analyzed and contemplated the thought of Nietzsche and Heidegger was Zhrfngranh.

In recent years ,There are various discussions around of being substitute postmodernism viewpoint as type of thinking and cultural-social view to human’s problems and beliefs to modernism viewpoint in different subjects is common. So that, field of education in generally and curriculum in specially shape engage in flow.
According to, present study has done to examine characteristics of postmodern philosophical foundations in curriculum and critique of this foundations based on philosophical foundations of Islamic education. Method of this research is” documental-analytical”
Results of this study has showed that philosophical foundations of postmodern curriculum placed in ontological principals upon unbelief to metaphysics; anthropology principals upon shaping of human's essenes via social, historical and cultural relations; epistemological principals upon rejection of wisdom, oracle, temperament and master of linguistic as center of conscious; axiology principals upon center of person and was relative of cosmological principals; aesthetic principals upon subjective criteria of aesthetic and escape of surface understanding and contemplation in essence of experimental aesthetic.
In opposition to philosophy foundations of postmodern curriculum, philosophy foundations of Islamic education placed in ontological principals upon beliefs to metaphysic; anthropological principals upon shaping of human essences based on oracle; epistemological principals upon human ability to reach wisdom; axiological principals emphasis on Quran, Islamic foundations, and absolute and changeable values; aesthetic principals emphasis on person’s inherent interest to aesthetic and objective and subjective criteria of beauty.
In sum, critique of philosophy foundations of postmodern curriculum based on philosophical foundations of Islamic education, revealed that elimination of metanarrative, cosmological foundations, wisdom, temperament, oracle, and decentralize of human [principals that are part of identity constructer of Islamic education’s philosophy] in postmodern philosophy,have done to access of constructer that spread ideas such as pluralism, relativism, nihilism, and etc.

Nowadays in the postmodern era the challenges facing the states and international community requires very different responses from international law system and different roles for the system too. The trend of globalization and rising new trans-national threats against peace and security in international relations have radically transformed the nature، governance and basic objectives of the international law in the recent years. The international problems from border pollution to the terrorist camps and from flow of refugees to the proliferation of weapons are all locally rooted that no international law system could often have the power to deal with them. In the meantime، one of the important and controversial international، regional and national phenomena in the initial decade of 21st century and beginning of third millennium، and one of the basic international problems and challenges and the most dangerous threat to the international peace and security is the issue of terrorism. In the other words، the spread of increasing terrorist actions and operations are the most challenging issues before the world community and international criminal law which are observed as the serious threat against peace and security in international relations. In the age of globalization and with expansion of terrorist threats as a result of postmodern، terrorist have also developed alongside of globalization، yet never caught by the constrains of it. In this regard، no state، region or nation can be invulnerable by terrorist actions. Terrorism from a national threat has gone to international threat and eventually become global. Thus، there is a feeling of concern and fear that with the spread of this phenomenon in the world and their access to the dangerous nuclear، chemical and biological weapons they could rapidly endanger international peace and security. In the light of globalization or from a cosmopolitan perspective، not only international law and idea of peace، but violence also such as the phenomenon of violent terrorism as the outcome of September 11 becomes general and global in nature. The international law has majorly focused on trans-national terrorism as it is against the international peace and security. Thus، at the present، the postmodern concern regarding the international law is all about how to maintain international peace and security and prevent the outbreak of war. Since the states look at issues and mostly problems through the eye of national interests، confronting international terrorism in the course of international law and in persuasion of peace will face serious challenges and obstacles. The international law can merely be successful tackling terrorism while the international law treaties and conventions are implemented in an appropriate environment، and the political and legal conflicts to be resolved at the world community level، and the trans-judicial principle of international law should not only be about peace among states، but also among human kinds and its future. Therefore، a firm international law system with multilateral principles and procedures are required in order to redefine the rules of an emerging global civilization. On the other hand، a serious rethinking at the global level is needed in which all the elements consisting international relations must be reviewed and studied with a series of new definitions and re-conceptualizations. The focus of this research work is that how the legal system of international law can deal with the postmodern terrorism in the era of globalization and create understanding، comparison and adaptation between two legal and political fields in order to provide global peace and security. The author believes that the pluralistic synthesis of global alliance for international peace with the rule of universal international law and multilateral cooperation of international community and combination of new international relations theories could pave the way for a kind of international law system which would be able to confront with unilateral aggressive strategies of the violent post-September 11 to fight terrorism in a systemic and coherent way. Therefore، international law in the era of globalization by relying on the values of peace، development، freedom and democracy could only restore the United Nations and save the world from scourge of global terrorism and its consequent threat emerged of postmodern and work as a safety valve providing the context for peace and security n international relations.

In recent few decades، however، as a result of theoretical and practical changes، politico-geographical studies have tended to apply post-positivist methods and approaches. Discourse analysis is amongst the most recent post-positivist approaches. According to this method، social phenomena do not reflect same reality in time and place. But they acquire different interpretations in different discourses. Thus، considering modern and postmodern as different political discourses، this research tries to do a comparative study of state and its elements including territory، population، government، and sovereignty، in each of these discourses. Findings of this research show that، the state has a discursive nature. State is not unchanging، but is interpreted in different ways in different discourses. Thus، as a result of theoretical and practical changes in postmodern political discourse، the state has experienced many changes both in its totality and its elements، comparing to modern political discourse.