جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاستگذاری جنایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Regarding the Cyberspace, as much as mere opportunistic views can be harmful, the threatening perception of this space also brings unwanted consequences. The main reason for adopting the above two extreme approaches is the lack of specific Criminal policy-making. In the light of public policy literature, the present research explores and presents the principles of Criminal policy-making and its manifestations (criminal policy and penal policy) with a descriptive-analytical method.The ten research findings suggest; First, the principles of "the stability of the fundamentals of the real and cyber world", "necessity of maintaining privacy security", "sustainability and sustainable development" and "creating a balance between values" should be the headlines of Criminal policy-making, and then regarding the participation of society in the field of criminal policy, the principles "Justice-oriented", "transparency" and "maintaining social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity" should be used, and finally, to achieve the desired penal policy, the principles of "gradual criminalization ", "needs-oriented" and " Timeliness and changeability" should be on the agenda.

States use criminal policymaking to solve various public issues. Criminal policymaking without problem identification will end up in failure. If a solution is designed before conducting problem analysis, considerable waste of financial and human resources can incur for solving a nonsignificant problem or a non-problem. Regardless of the criminal policy system model, by using some criteria we can analyze the criminal policy-making system’s condition in terms of problem-oriented consideration to understand the system’s weaknesses for policy change. Problem-oriented criminal policymaking requires a commitment to substantive and procedural essentials. In this article, through a descriptive-prescriptive approach and based on library resources a general framework for a criminal policy-making system is proposed. Substantively, the type of evidence used in the policy process based on the “hierarchy of evidence”, and procedurally, the separation between policy analysis and drafting stages in the policy cycle are considered essential for a problem-oriented criminal policymaking, used here to present a framework for criminal policy analysis from a problem-oriented perspective.

Encroachment (trespass) of the fundamental rights of the nation by governments in the form of fundamental violations of citizens and areas related to health, health, treatment and education can be considered as examples of state crime. State crime refers to the ostensibly lawful conduct of the government that does not involve the personal interest and the ability to cause irreparable harm to citizens, in many cases is not considered a criminal offense and criminal policy in this regard is difficult. This article discusses the requirements of criminal policy regarding state crimes and the tools needed to adopt criminal policy. The requirements of criminal policy in the field of state crimes include the requirements of public policy and the requirements of law. Accordingly, the need for legitimacy of the rule-based political system, the intervention of civil institutions, constitutional and extra-constitutional oversight of the functioning of government, the refusal to pay mere attention to political rationality in the legislative process and the acceptance and rule of law necessary for criminal policy in the field of state crimes.

The Emerging Concept of State Crime (Government Crime) Look at the ostensible behaviors of the rule of law that violate the rights of citizens, the destruction of the environment, the destruction of cultural heritage, the use of power, the spread of injustice, exchange and corruption.  State crime is closely linked to political, economic, cultural, legal structures, and especially not only to the executive, judiciary, and legislature.  Public policy in these areas has a significant impact on reducing or increasing government crime.  Criminal policy in the general policies of the national upstream legal system and documents in identifying these harms, prevention and control of government crime is more.  In this article, the concept of state crime and its examples, the role and position of the general medicine of the system, upstream laws, five-year plan, annual budget laws, in order to control Iran's criminal policy in the field of state crime are discussed.

The implementationof public and criminal policies and the related challenges have always been among the concerns of executive directors and policymakers of the public sector. In Iran, there are many actors in the field of preventing and dealing with economic corruptions, which, according to the results of this study and the existing facts, do not demonstrate the required efficiency. This applied and nationwide study was carried out using a descriptive-survey method with a statistical population of 394 elites consisting of MPs, judges, faculty members, economic institutions' directors, and the managers and experts from 8 key actors involved in the issue, including the Financial Corruption Combating Headquarters, the General Inspection Organization, the Supreme Audit Court, the Ministry of Economic and Financial Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Security Offices, etc. The objective of the study was to identify the factors involved in the ineffective enforcement of Iran's criminal policy pertaining to organizing these actors. The results show that five components, including the multiplicity and diversity of actors, the nature of duties, lack of interaction and synergy, the structural and political dependency, and weak supervision by higher bodies, have the greatest impact on the ineffective implementation of criminal policies of Iran in orchestrating the actors involved in the prevention and fight against economic corruptions. In the end, based on the findings of the study, necessary policy measures, including the elimination of non-professional and inefficient executive actors, the formation of a committee for the exchange of information on economic corruption, and the legalization of the position of policy-making supreme bodies... have been suggested.

Criminal policy-making as a branch of public policy-making, concerns the phenomenon of criminality. Therefore criminality, various ways of its prevention, its reducing and its control, all as a part of macro policy-making process becomes a point of Focus of States. The increasing rates of crimes and its threats for society, alongside with its impacts on other policy fields (Education, Health, Welfare, etc.) have changed The Criminal Policy Making info one of the main Public Policy Fields.